Iyini i-crankcase yenjini (inhloso, indawo kanye nomklamo)
Okuqukethwe
Umqondo olinganiselwe we-crankcase waziwa yiwo wonke umuntu okungenani ofunde kancane ukwakheka kwenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi (ICE). Kodwa abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ingxenye eyodwa kuphela efihlwe ngaphansi kwawo, empeleni ebizwa ngokuthi ipani lamafutha. Umqondo ojwayelekile kakhulu ungowalokho okucatshangwayo, awuyona ingxenye ethile noma umhlangano, kodwa usho indawo yonke yemoto etholakala ngaphansi kwamasilinda.
Kungani injini idinga i-crankcase
Ezinjini eziningi, i-crankcase isetshenziselwa ukuthola indawo yokugeza kawoyela kuyo kanye nenani lezingxenye eziqinisekisa ukusebenza kwesistimu yokugcoba.
Kodwa njengoba ithatha umthamo obaluleke kakhulu, kulapho ezinye izindlela eziningi zikhona:
- i-crankshaft enama-bheringi kanye nemibhede efakwayo ephonswe ebhulokhini;
- imininingwane yesistimu yokungenisa umoya yamagesi akhiwe ngesikhathi sokusebenza;
- i-lip seal ezindaweni zokuphuma ngaphambili nangemuva kwe-crankshaft;
- phonsa izindandatho zesigamu, ukulungisa i-shaft kusuka ekuthuthweni kwe-longitudinal;
- iphampu kawoyela ngesihlungi esimahhadla;
- ama-balance shafts abhalansisa indlela ye-crank yezinjini ngokwethiyori engalingani;
- ama-nozzles okugcoba okwengeziwe nokupholisa kwepiston;
- i-oil dipstick kanye nenzwa yezinga likawoyela.
Ama-motor aphansi aphelelwe yisikhathi nawo asebenzisa i-camshaft efakwe ku-crankcase, futhi ama-valve ayeqhutshwa ngama-pusher ngendlela yezinduku eziya ekhanda lebhulokhi.
Ukwakhiwa
Ngokuvamile i-crankcase iqukethe ingxenye engezansi yokusakazwa kwe-cylinder block futhi ixhunywe kuyo nge-sump gasket.
Kodwa kukhona namadizayini ayinkimbinkimbi, lapho ipuleti eliphakathi nendawo lijikijelwa ebhulokhini ukusuka ngezansi, limboze imibhede ye-crankshaft ngamabheringi amakhulu. Ngakho ngokuncipha kwenqwaba ye-block, ukuqina okwengeziwe kunikezwa, okubalulekile ekusebenzeni kwesikhathi eside kweqembu le-piston.
Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ezinjinini ezenziwe ngokuphelele ngama-alloys akhanyayo, ngisho nokuguga okungabonakali kuholela ekugqokeni okungalingani kwamasilinda kanye nokugwazwa.
Iphampu kawoyela ifakwe ngaphambili noma ngaphansi komkhawulo ongaphambili we-crankshaft, lapho iqhutshwa iketango elihlukile ukusuka ku-crankshaft sprocket. Amabhalansi angafakwa emibhedeni ye-shaft noma ahlanganiswe abe yi-monoblock enepompo eliphansi likawoyela, enze imojula esebenza ngokugcwele.
Ukuqina kwesakhiwo kuhlinzekwa ngama-cast fins kanye nama-baffles engeziwe, lapho izimbobo zingenziwa khona ukuze kuncishiswe ukulahlekelwa kokupompa kusukela phansi kwamapiston.
Ukushisa kukhishwa ngokujikeleza kwamafutha, okuthi ngezinye izikhathi ipani nalo liphonswe ku-alloy ekhanyayo enamaphiko okupholisa athuthukile. Kodwa imvamisa i-pallet igxivizwa ngensimbi encane, ishibhile futhi inokwethenjelwa kakhulu uma kuba nemithelela engaba khona evela ekushayeni izithiyo.
Izinhlobo zama-crankcase
Kuye ngohlobo lwenjini, imisebenzi eyengeziwe ingase inikezwe i-crankcase.
I-crankcase yenjini enemivimbo emibili
Ezinjinini ezinemivimbo emibili, i-crankcase isetshenziselwa ukucindezela ingxube ngaphambili. Imuncwa endaweni engaphansi kwepiston ngesikhathi sokucindezela kusilinda.
Ngesikhathi sokuya phansi kwepiston, ingcindezi ngaphansi kwayo iyakhuphuka, futhi ngokushesha nje lapho isiteshi se-bypass sivuleka endaweni engezansi yesilinda, uphethiloli oxutshwe nomoya ugijimela ekamelweni elivuthayo. Ngakho-ke izidingo zokuqina kwe-crankcase, ukuba khona kwe-valve yokungena kanye nekhwalithi ephezulu ye-crankshaft toe seal.
Akukho ukugeza kwamafutha, futhi ukugcoba kwenziwa ngokungeza inani elithile lamafutha akhethekile amabili-stroke engxenyeni yokusebenza, eyobe ishisa ngophethiloli.
I-crankcase yenjini enemivimbo emine
Ngomjikelezo we-four-stroke, uphethiloli ungangena ku-crankcase kuphela uma kwenzeka ukungasebenzi kahle. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, isebenzela ukugcina ukugeza kwamafutha, lapho igeleza khona ngemva kokudlula eziteshini kanye namapheya okungqubuzana.
Phansi kwe-sump kukhona uwoyela wokungenisa wepompo ngesihlungi semeshi eqinile. Ibanga elithile liyaqashelwa phakathi kwezisindo ze-crankshaft nesibuko sikawoyela ukuze kugwenywe ukukhihliza uma kuthintana.
I-crankcase ye-boxer
Ezinjinini zesibhakela, i-crankcase iyisici samandla esikhulu esiqinisa ibhulokhi yonke. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-compact, enikeza enye yezinzuzo zemoto "yebhokisi" - ukuphakama okuphansi, okunciphisa isikhungo esiphezulu semoto.
Yini isumpu eyomile
Kungenzeka ukuqukatha amafutha ngendlela yokugeza egcwele izinga elithile kuphela ngaphansi kwezimo ezimile noma eziseduze. Izimoto zezemidlalo azikwazi ukuhlinzeka ngale ndlela, zithola ukusheshisa okuqinile kuzo zonke izinhlangothi, yingakho uwoyela uthola yonke indawo, kodwa hhayi kumamukeli wepompo kawoyela phansi kwe-sump.
Ngakho-ke, uhlelo lokugcoba lapho lwenziwa okuthiwa yi-sump eyomile, lapho uwoyela ungahlali ngezansi, kodwa ngokushesha uthathwa amaphampu amaningana anamandla, ahlukaniswe nomoya futhi aphonswe kubathengi.
Uhlelo luba nzima kakhulu, kodwa ayikho enye indlela yokuphuma. Njengasezindiza, lapho umqondo wokuphezulu naphansi ungase ungabi khona nhlobo, injini kufanele futhi isebenze endizeni ehlanekezelwe.
Ukuwohloka okuvamile
Inkinga enkulu nge-crankcase ukuthi ishaya isithiyo, ngemva kwalokho kwakheka isibofo ku-pallet. Okubi kakhulu, izoqhekeka noma inyakaze, injini izolahlekelwa uwoyela, futhi ngaphandle kwawo, izoba nemizuzwana embalwa nje yokuphila.
Isibonakaliso esibomvu sizokhanyisa phambi komshayeli kuphaneli yensimbi, emva kwalokho kufanele ucime injini ngokushesha, ngaphandle kokulinda ukuthi iphenduke ibe yi-monolith.
Kwesinye isikhathi kuyenzeka ukuthi i-crankcase iphelele ngemuva komthelela, kodwa ukukhanya kusakhombisa ukwehla kwengcindezi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukuwohloka kwe-elastic kwe-sump kubangele ukuba ishubhu eyamukela uwoyela, evame ukwenziwa nge-aluminium alloy, iphuke.
Iphampu izofaka umoya futhi uhlelo lokugcoba luzohluleka. Umphumela uyafana - awukwazi ukuhamba wedwa ngaphandle kokulungisa.
Ukuvikelwa kwe-crankcase yenjini
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi imoto ikuphi imvume, isithiyo singase singanqobeki. Ukuze ugweme ukuphuma nokulungiswa esimweni ngasinye esinjalo, i-crankcase ifunwa ukuthi ivikelwe.
Ezimotweni kanye nama-crossovers, ngokungafani nama-SUV, ukuvikelwa kwenziwa okuphezulu kusuka ku-splashes kusuka ngaphansi kwamasondo. Izihlangu zepulasitiki ngeke zisize lapho ushaya itshe. Ngakho-ke, ukuvikelwa okuqinile kwensimbi kufakwa njengemishini eyengeziwe.
Ungakwazi futhi ukugqekeza, kodwa ukuba ne-stiffener futhi unamathele ku-subframe yamandla, umklamo onjalo uzosebenza njenge-ski, uphakamise yonke ingaphambili yemoto. Amathuba okusinda kwemoto akhula kakhulu.
Ishidi lokuvikela lenziwe ngeshidi lensimbi elinesitembu, ubukhulu obungu-2-3 mm, noma ugqinsi oluphindwe kabili njenge-aluminium. Inketho yokugcina ilula, kodwa ibiza kakhulu.
Abazimisele ukukhokhela ubuchwepheshe obuphezulu bangasebenzisa i-Kevlar. Lapho ukhonza injini, ishidi lokuvikela lingasuswa kalula, futhi izintambo nezimbobo ezenziwe kulo zihlinzeka ngokushintshaniswa kokushisa okudingekayo, akuthandeki kakhulu ukushisa amafutha.
