Kuyini futhi kanjani ukumiswa okuguquguqukayo kusebenza

Enye indlela yokuthuthukisa ukumiswa kwemoto ukuyivumelanisa nesimo somgwaqo, isivinini, noma indlela yokushayela. Lokhu kungenziwa ngokusetshenziswa kwemishini kagesi kanye nama-electromagnetic, i-pneumatic kanye nama-hydraulic actuators anesivinini esikhulu. Imoto efanayo, enezinguquko ezisheshayo ezicini zokumiswa, ingathola amakhono omuntu ngamunye wemoto yezemidlalo yomgwaqo, i-SUV noma iloli elilula. Noma vele uthuthukise kakhulu ukunethezeka kwabagibeli.

Izisekelo zokuhlela ukuzivumelanisa nezimo

Ukuze uthole ikhono lokuzivumelanisa namathonya angaphandle noma imiyalo yomshayeli, ukumiswa kufanele kuthole uhlamvu olusebenzayo. Izindlela ezingenzi lutho zihlala zisabela ngokungananazi kumathonya athile. Abakhuthele bayakwazi ukushintsha izici zabo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, baneyunithi yokulawula ye-elekthronikhi, okuyikhompyutha eqoqa ulwazi oluvela kuzinzwa nezinye izinhlelo zemoto, ithola imiyalelo evela kumshayeli futhi, ngemva kokucubungula, ibeka imodi kuma-actuator.

Njengoba wazi, ukumiswa kuqukethe izakhi zokunwebeka, amadivaysi okudambisa kanye ne-vane yomhlahlandlela. Ngokweqile, zonke lezi zingxenye kungenzeka ukulawula, kodwa ekusebenzeni kwanele ukushintsha izakhiwo dampers (shock absorbers). Lokhu kulula ukukwenza ngokusebenza okwamukelekayo. Nakuba uma isivinini sokusabela singadingeki, isibonelo, imodi yokupaka, ukuguqulwa kwemvume yomhlabathi noma ukuqina kwe-static kungaphansi kokulungiswa, khona-ke kungenzeka ukuvumelanisa ukumiswa kokumiswa kwazo zonke izingxenye zayo.

Ukuzivumelanisa nokusebenza, kuzodingeka ukuthi ucabangele imingcele eminingi yokufaka:

• idatha yokungahambi kahle komgwaqo, kokubili okwamanje nokuzayo;
• isivinini sokunyakaza;
• isiqondiso, okungukuthi, i-angle yokujikeleza kwamasondo aqondisayo kanye nokusheshisa kwe-angular yemoto iyonke;
• isikhundla kanye nesivinini sokujikeleza kwesondo lokuqondisa;
• izidingo zomshayeli ngokusho kokuhlaziywa kwesitayela sakhe sokushayela, kanye nalezo ezifakwe kwimodi yezandla;
• isikhundla somzimba esihlobene nomgwaqo, imingcele yokuguqulwa kwayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi;
• izimpawu zenzwa yohlobo lwe-radar ezihlaziya isimo sokumbozwa phambi kwemoto;
• ukusheshisa okude nokuphambene kwemoto, injini kanye nezindlela zokusebenza zesistimu yokubhuleka.

Uhlelo lokuvimbela luqukethe ama-algorithms okuphendula kuwo wonke amasiginali angenayo kanye nokuqongelela ulwazi. Imiyalo ivamise ukuthunyelwa kuzinqamuleli ezilawulwa ngogesi zawo wonke amasondo, ngawodwana kulelo nalelo, kanye nasekuhlanganisweni okusebenzayo kwamabha aphikisayo. Noma kumadivayisi awashintshayo lapho esebenza njengengxenye yokumiswa okulawulwa ngokugcwele ngamanzi, kanye nemikhiqizo yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu esebenza ngokukhethekile ekusebenzelaneni kozibuthe. Esimweni sokugcina, isivinini sokuphendula siphezulu kangangokuthi ukuziphatha cishe okuhle kungafinyelelwa kusukela ekusebenzeni kokumiswa.

Ukwakhiwa Kwesistimu

I-complex ihlanganisa amadivaysi ahlinzeka ngomsebenzi ekulawuleni izakhiwo zokudambisa nokuqina okuguquguqukayo, kanye nokunciphisa ukujikeleza komzimba:

• isilawuli sokumiswa esine-microprocessor, inkumbulo kanye namasekethe e-I/O;
• izindlela ezisebenzayo ze-parrying roll (ama-anti-roll alawulwayo);
• inkimbinkimbi yezinzwa;
• ama-shock absorbers avumela ukulawula ukuqina kwe-elekthronikhi.

Izilawuli zedeshibhodi, imvamisa lokhu kuyi-on-board interactive display, umshayeli angasetha enye yezindlela zokusebenza ngokuvumelana nalokho akuthandayo. Ukubusa kokunethezeka, ezemidlalo noma ikhono elingekho emgwaqeni kuvunyelwe, kanye nokwenza ngokwezifiso okuthuthuke kakhulu kwemisebenzi ngememori yemodi. Ukujwayela okuqoqiwe kungasethwa kabusha ngokushesha kuzilungiselelo zangempela.

Izidingo zezinza eziphambanayo zihlala zinempikiswano. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, inhloso yabo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umzimba ugoqeka kancane. Kodwa ngale ndlela ukumiswa kuthola uhlamvu lokuncika, okusho ukuthi induduzo iyancipha. Uma ushayela emigwaqweni emibi, isici esibaluleke kakhulu kuzoba inkululeko eyengeziwe yamasondo angawodwana ukuze uthole ukucaciswa okuphezulu kwama-ekseli. Kungale ndlela kuphela, zonke izindawo zokuvakasha ezimisiwe zizosetshenziswa ngokugcwele ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthintana njalo kwamathayi nge-coating. I-stabilizer enokuqina okuqhubekayo, okuvame ukuba yi-bar elula yensimbi yasentwasahlobo, esebenza ngesimiso se-torsion bar, ngeke ikwazi ukukhonza ngokulinganayo kuzo zonke izimo.

Ekumisweni okusebenzayo, i-stabilizer ihlukaniswa, okungenzeka kube nokulawulwa kwe-elekthronikhi. Izimiso ezahlukene zingasetshenziswa ukulawula ukuqina okuncishisiwe. Abanye abakhiqizi basebenzisa ukulayisha kuqala ukusonteka nge-motor kagesi enebhokisi legiya, abanye basebenzisa indlela ye-hydraulic, ukufaka amasilinda we-hydraulic ku-stabilizer noma okunamathiselwe kwayo emzimbeni. Kungenzeka futhi ukulingisa ngokuphelele ibha ye-stabilizer ngamasilinda angama-hydraulic asebenza ngokuhambisana nezinto ezinwebekayo.

Ama-othomathikhi wokuxhaxha ongashintshwa

I-shock absorber evamile inempahla yokuguqula ukuqina kwayo okuguquguqukayo kuye ngesivinini nokusheshisa kokunyakaza kwenduku. Lokhu kufezwa ngohlelo lwama-valve adonsayo okugeleza ngawo uketshezi oludambisayo.

Ukuze ulawule ukusebenza kwama-bypass throttles, izindlela ezimbili zingenzeka - ukufaka ama-electromagnetic valves ohlobo lwe-spool noma ukushintsha izakhiwo zoketshezi endaweni kazibuthe. Abakhiqizi basebenzisa zombili izindlela, okwesibili kancane kancane, ngoba kuzodinga uketshezi olukhethekile olushintsha i-viscosity yayo endaweni yamagnetic.

Umehluko oyinhloko wokusebenza kokumiswa okuguquguqukayo

Ukumiswa okusebenzayo okunempahla yokujwayela kunikeza amandla okulawula ngokuhlelekile izimfanelo zabathengi bemoto kunoma yimuphi umgwaqo:

• umzimba uhlale ugcina isikhundla esinikeziwe esihlobene nomgwaqo, ukuphambuka okunqunywa kuphela isivinini sohlelo lokuzivumelanisa;
• amasondo abe nokuxhumana okufinyeleleka okuphezulu okufinyelelekayo ne-coating;
• izinga lokusheshisa ku-cabin kusuka ku-bumps liphansi kakhulu kunokumiswa kwendabuko, okwandisa induduzo yohambo;
• imoto ilawulwa kangcono futhi izinzile ngesivinini esiphezulu;
• amasistimu athuthuke kakhulu angakwazi ukulindela ama-bumps ngokuskena umgwaqo ngaphambi kwamasondo futhi alungise ama-damper kusengaphambili.

Ukungalungi, njengazo zonke izinhlelo eziyinkimbinkimbi, eyodwa - inkimbinkimbi ephezulu kanye nokuthembeka okuhambisanayo nezinkomba zezindleko. Ngakho-ke, ukumiswa okuguquguqukayo kusetshenziswa engxenyeni yeprimiyamu noma njengemishini ozikhethela yona.

Ama-algorithms omsebenzi kanye nesethi yemishini ihlala iba yinkimbinkimbi futhi ithuthukiswa. Umgomo oyinhloko wentuthuko emkhakheni wokumiswa okuguquguqukayo okusebenzayo ukuzuza ukuphumula okuphezulu komzimba wemoto, noma yini eyenzekayo emasondweni kanye nobuningi bawo obungaphumi. Kulokhu, wonke amasondo amane kufanele ahlale ethintana nomgwaqo, egcina imoto endleleni enikeziwe.