Iyini i-ground clearance yemoto nezindlela ezi-6 zokuyikhulisa
Okuqukethwe
Kunezingxabano ezishubile mayelana namatemu encazelweni yomqondo wokugunyazwa phansi. Kufika ephuzwini lokuthi baqale ukubheka umehluko phakathi kwe-ground clearance kanye ne- clearance. Eqinisweni, lokhu kuyinto efanayo, ukuhunyushwa kwezwi nezwi kwesiNgisi "clearance".
Kodwa kukhona ama-nuances, ikakhulukazi njengoba ezimweni eziningi lesi sici semoto siba esinye sezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu, ezinquma ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukunyakaza okuqhubekayo.
Iyini imvume emotweni
Kunezincazelo eziningana, kuye ngezwe kanye namazinga amukelwa yimboni kanye nabathengi.
Konke kumayelana nokuthola indawo yokulinganisa ukusuka endaweni eseduze kakhulu yemoto ukuya emgwaqeni ukuya phezulu, okuchaza umqondo wokususwa.
- Ngokusho kwe-GOST yaseRussia yamanje, imvume yomhlabathi ilinganiswa njengebanga ukusuka endaweni ephansi kakhulu ukuya emgwaqeni, kodwa kuphela engxenyeni emaphakathi yezansi kanye ne-chassis.
Futhi lokhu kuwunxande, ngaphambili nangemuva kunqunyelwe ubukhulu bemoto, kodwa ohlangothini kuphela izindiza eziqondile ezakha indawo engamaphesenti angu-80 phakathi kwezindawo zangaphakathi zamasondo.
Lokhu kwenziwa ukuze kunganakwa izakhi zokumiswa eziphansi, ama-mudguards nezinye izingxenye ezivikelwe ngempela ukusondela kwamasondo.
Isilinganiso senziwa ngaphansi komthwalo owakha isisindo esiphezulu esivunyelwe semoto.
- Izindinganiso zaseJalimane ziphishekela cishe umgomo ofanayo, kodwa ngendlela ehlukile. Kudwetshwa i-arc yendilinga, ebhala izinhlangothi zangaphakathi zamasondo kanye nephuzu eliphansi kakhulu lomzimba. Inhlanganisela yama-arcs anjalo yakha isilinda, lapho imoto ingadlula khona ngaphandle kokuyibamba ngomzimba kanye ne-chassis.
Ubude obuncane balesi silinda ngaphezu komgwaqo kuzoba indawo evulekile. Ngakho-ke, ngokwesibonelo, ukukhishwa kwama-axle gearboxes we-SUV ngeke kucatshangelwe uma kushintshwa ohlangothini lwe-axis longitudinal yemoto, okunengqondo kakhulu ukushayela ithrekhi.
- Kwezobuchwepheshe bezempi, ukuvumelana akufakiwe. Akukho okumele kuthinte umhlabathi lapho kulinganiswa ukuvunyelwa komhlabathi. Ngakho-ke, yonke indawo engaphansi kwephansi isetshenziswa.
- Ngezinye izikhathi kuxoxiswana ngezimvume ezimbili, enye ingaphansi kwama-axle okushayela esakhiwo esiqhubekayo, kanti eyesibili ingaphansi kwazo zonke ezinye izingxenye ezimisiwe. Lokhu kunengqondo kuma-SUV, njengoba kubalulekile ukulandelela ushintsho ekukhishweni komhlaba lapho ukumiswa kusebenza. Ibanga elisuka endaweni ephansi kakhulu yebhuloho alishintshi, kodwa lokhu akubalulekile, i-casing eqinile iguqulelwe ukusika enhlabathini phezu kwethrekhi.
Ukususwa ngokuvamile kuncike kakhulu emthwalweni womshini. Ngakho-ke umehluko ekuhlolweni kwayo. Akubona bonke abakhiqizi abayibeka ngokucacile indlela yokulinganisa.
Ngenxa yalokho, ama-crossovers amaningi anamasentimitha angu-15-17 kusukela ku-12-14 amasentimitha okumenyezelwe ngisho nangemva kokuba imoto ilayishwe kancane. Ikakhulukazi uma umdayisi efaka ukuvikeleka okwengeziwe kweyunithi yamandla, ngaphandle kwalokho okungathandeki kakhulu ukushayela.
Ayini ama-overhang angles
Ezimweni eziningi, i-overhang yemoto iba inkomba ebaluleke ngokulinganayo yekhono le-geometric cross-country.
Lawa amabanga ngaphambili nangemuva ukusuka lapho kuhlangana khona amasondo nomgwaqo oya ezilinganisweni zangaphandle zemoto. Kodwa ngokwabo, akuthinti ukusebenza njengamakhona akhiwe ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngoba imininingwane eku-overhangs ingatholakala phezulu kakhulu.
Uma umugqa udwetshwa phakathi kwendawo okuthintana kuyo kanye nengxenye ephansi kakhulu ye-overhang, khona-ke i-engeli phakathi kwalowo mugqa nendiza yomgwaqo iba i-engeli eyeqile, okubhekiselwa kuyo ngokunembe kakhulu endinganisweni njenge-engeli yokungena noma i-engeli yokuphuma.
Njengoba, ngokwencazelo, azikho izakhi zomzimba noma ifreyimu kulawa makhona, ukwanda kwawo kukuvumela ukuthi ushayele ufinyelele izithiyo ngaphandle komonakalo kanye nokugxumela, ngokwesibonelo, ukupaka phezu konqenqema oluphakeme noma ukunqoba umqansa ngokuphuka okubukhali endaweni. iphrofayili.
Ngokuvamile, amakhona anqunyelwe ama-bumpers, izakhi zesistimu yokukhipha amandla noma okunamathiselwe.
Ukushesha kokubukeka kwemoto kuhlupheka kakhulu kumabhampa ahlotshisiwe futhi aphakeme kakhulu. Ungakwazi, isibonelo, ukubona ukuthi lokhu kwanqunywa kanjani phambi kwe-crossover ye-Lexus RX yesizukulwane sokuqala nesesibili, nokuthi ikhono lokuwela izwe lanikelwa ngamabomu kanjani kwesesithathu, futhi ikakhulukazi ezizukulwaneni zesine.
I-engeli ye-overhang engemuva ngokuvamile ilula, lapho ikhuphuka ngenxa yombono wedizayini ye-aerodynamic pseudo-diffuser.
Indlela yokukala indawo ephansi yemoto
Ukuze ulinganise imvume yomhlaba, kwanele ukufaka imoto endaweni eyisicaba, ukuyilayisha ezingeni elidingekayo, ngokugcwele noma ingxenye, futhi uthole indawo ephansi kunazo zonke ngaphansi kwezansi endaweni ecishe ibe ngamasentimitha ayi-10 ukusuka endaweni engaphakathi yomgwaqo. amasondo.
Ngokuvamile leli shidi lokuvikela ngaphansi kwama-crankcases enjini kanye nokudlulisa, noma esimweni se-SUVs, "i-apula" yesitokisi se-gearbox ye-axle drive.
Kukhona futhi amaphutha okuklama, lapho izakhi zesistimu yokukhipha umoya, amathangi kaphethiloli, ngisho nangaphansi komzimba ngezintambo zikagesi, izintambo zebhuleki kanye nezamafutha ziphansi kakhulu. Imigwaqo emagebhugebhu inqatshelwe ngokuphelele ezimotweni ezinjalo ngaphandle kokuthatha izinyathelo zokuzivikela.
Ungakwazi ukukala ibanga ukusuka endaweni etholiwe ukuya emgwaqeni ngesilinganiso se-tape esivamile. Ukwazi imvume yomhlaba, ungakwazi ukubikezela ngokunembile ukudlula okuphephile kwemoto phezu kwezithiyo ezingase zibe khona.
Izingxenye eziguquguqukayo, njengama-mudguards, zingashiywa, ngeke zonakaliswe nganoma iyiphi indlela.
Ungayikhulisa kanjani imvume yomhlaba
Uma ufisa, ikhono lomshini lokunqoba izithiyo lingathuthukiswa ngokuzimela. Kunezindlela eziningana ezihluka ngokunemba kokuthola umphumela oyifunayo.
Izikhala
Lena enye yezindlela eziphumelela kakhulu. Ngokuvamile kubizwa ngokuthi i-suspension lift. Kulokhu, kusetshenziswa ama-spacers enziwe ngokukhethekile, abekwe phakathi kwezinto ezinwebekayo nezincibilikayo zokumiswa (iziphethu kanye nama-absorbers) kanye namaphoyinti azo okunamathisela emzimbeni. Uhlobo lwama-spacers luncike ohlotsheni lokumiswa.
Esimweni esivame kakhulu, lapho ukumiswa kwenziwa ngokuvumelana nesimiso se-MacPherson, lapho iziphethu kanye nama-absorbers ahlanganiswe abe ama-racks, ama-spacers abekwe phakathi kwezisekelo eziphezulu nezibuko zomzimba. Ukuphakama kwama-spacers kuvame ukuba ngu-3 cm, ngokuphambuka okungenzeka.
Ngalesi samba sokuphakamisa, izici zemoto zizoshintsha kancane. Ukweqa lokhu kungabangela izinkinga ekuphatheni, ukuqondanisa kwamasondo kanye nokuncipha kwempilo yamadrayivu.
Iziphethu ezinde noma ezinzima
Ukusetshenziswa kwezakhi ezinwebekayo nezinye izakhiwo, ngokwesibonelo, iziphethu ezinobukhulu obunyukile bebha noma amakhoyili engeziwe, uma sikhuluma ngokuqinile, akuyona i-suspension lift.
Amaphuzu akhuphukayo we-shock absorbers awadluliswa, ukuhamba kokumiswa kuyashintsha, futhi imvume incike kakhulu emthwalweni. Ukungalungi kwale ndlela kusobala, kepha kusasetshenziswa, ngoba kulula kakhulu ukuyisebenzisa.
Kwanele ukuthenga nokufaka iziphethu kwenye imoto, ukuguqulwa, noma okwenziwe ngokukhethekile izinkampani zokulungisa.
Ngokuvamile, ukucaciswa kwekhithi kubonisa inani lokuphakamisa, kodwa akucaci ngaphansi kwamuphi umthwalo, njengoba inhlanganisela yezinguquko ubude nokuqina kudinga izibalo.
Ukumiswa kwe-pneumohydraulic (imithombo yomoya)
Ukusetshenziswa kwama-cushions omoya acindezelwe, kuhlanganiswe nama-hydraulics noma ngaphandle, kungenzeka ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene, njengama-spacers kanye nezakhi ezengeziwe zokunwebeka.
Ngokunjalo, konke kwehlela kwelinye lamacala achazwe ngenhla. Kodwa kunezinzuzo ezimbili:
- imvume ingashintshwa ngokushesha ukusuka esihlalweni somshayeli;
- ngokuhambisana, kuba nokwenzeka ukulungisa ukuqina kokumiswa.
Imvamisa, le ndlela ihlanganiswa nokufakwa kwama-absorber okushintshashintshayo, okunikeza ukulawula ukuqina okuguquguqukayo futhi kuguqule ukumiswa okulula kube okuguquguqukayo. Ukuguqulwa okunjalo kunikeza umphumela omkhulu, kodwa futhi kubiza irekhodi eliphezulu.
Amasondo aphezulu
Ukushintsha i-geometry yamathayi ngendlela efanele kukhulisa imvume yomhlaba ngenkathi kugcinwa izakhiwo zokumiswa ezikhethwe ifektri, kodwa kungenzeka kuphela ngezinga elilinganiselwe:
- amasondo amakhulu aqala ukuthinta ama-arches kanye nezingxenye ze-chassis lapho ushayela phezu kwama-bumps kanye nama-corning;
- I-dynamics yemoto iyawohloka, okudinga izinguquko ekudluliseni;
- ama-engeli amakhulu anciphisa ukuphatha ku-asphalt.
Kodwa-ke, amathayi amakhulu ahlala efakwe njalo uma ushuna ama-SUV, ajwayele ukunqunywa ama-arches amasondo, ama-suspension nama-body lifts enziwe, izilinganiso zamagiya ama-gearbox namakesi okudlulisa ashintshiwe.
Amadiski amakhulu
Ukwanda kwama-disks kusetshenziswa okungajwayelekile kakhulu ukuze kwandiswe imvume yomhlaba. Ngokuvamile lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukubukeka noma ukwamukela amabhuleki anamandla.
Nakuba kungenzeka kakhulu ezimweni lapho kudingekile ukwandisa i-radius rolling yesondo, futhi awufuni ukushintsha iphrofayili yenjoloba ngezizathu zokulondoloza ukulawuleka.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-interturn pillows (buffers)
Indlela ilula njengoba ingalungile. Phakathi kwamakhoyili eziphethu kukhona izakhi ezengeziwe ezinwebekayo ezenziwe ngerabha noma i-polyurethane, ezishintsha ukuqina kokumiswa.
I-Ground clearance iyanda ngempela, imoto ithola ukuqina ekuphenduleni, okubhekwa njengephutha njengomdlalo.
Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukumiswa kungalingani ngokuphelele, ingozi yokuphuka kwentwasahlobo iyanda ngenxa yomthwalo ongalingani kumakhoyili, futhi ukuhamba okuphindaphindiwe kwe-shock absorbers kunciphisa.
Eqinisweni, lena inguqulo eshibhile yokusebenzisa iziphethu eziqinile, kodwa ngokuncipha okwengeziwe kokuthembeka. Ifanele kuphela ukusebenzisa umshini njengeloli, ikakhulukazi nge-trailer. Kuncike ekuqashweni njalo kwesimo sokumiswa.
Ukwandisa imvume kuwumsebenzi ongaphephile, ngakho-ke kufanele wenziwe uchwepheshe oqeqeshiwe, futhi umshayeli uyaxwayiswa ngemiphumela. Isinqumo esifanele kungaba ukushintsha imoto ibe efanelekayo, lapho imvume isethwe efekthri.
