Yini i-biodiesel yezimoto

Ukusetshenziswa kwezimoto kungezinye zezizathu ezinkulu zokuthi kungani imvelo ingcolisiwe nemithombo yomhlaba inciphile. Noma kukhula umkhiqizo wezimoto ezisebenza ngogesi, isimo asikabi ngcono okwamanje. Inkinga ukuthi nangesikhathi sokudalwa kwemoto kagesi, noma ngokunemba kakhudlwana, ngebhethri layo, inani elikhulu lezinto eziyingozi lingena emkhathini.

Ukunciphisa ukungcoliswa komkhathi wekhaya lethu elijwayelekile kungumsebenzi oyinhloko wososayensi. Iyabakhuthaza ukuthi bathuthukise ezinye izinto zokubasa, izici zazo ezizokwanelisa izidingo zomshayeli oqondayo, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo kunciphise ukusetshenziswa kwemithombo yemvelo. Ngale njongo, uhlobo olukhethekile lwamafutha ezimoto lwakhiwe - i-biodiesel.

Ngabe ingangena esikhundleni senketho ejwayelekile yedizili? Ake sizame ukukuthola.

Yini i-biodiesel?

Ngamafuphi, kuyinto engumphumela wokuhlangana kwamakhemikhali phakathi kwamafutha athile emifino nezilwane. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhiqiza, izinkampani ezakha uphethiloli onjalo zithola umkhiqizo we-methyl. Ngenxa yezici zayo ezivuthayo, kungenzeka ukusebenzisa i-ether njengenye indlela yephethiloli kadizili.

Njengoba zombili izinketho zinamapharamitha omlilo afanayo, ama-biofuels angasetshenziswa ukubasa injini ejwayelekile yedizili. Vele, kulokhu, imingcele eminingi yeyunithi izokwehla. Imoto ye-biofuel ayinamandla kangako, kepha ngakolunye uhlangothi, akuwona wonke umshayeli ovame ukubamba iqhaza emijahweni yama-rally. Lokhu kwanele ukunyakaza okulinganisiwe, futhi ukwehla kokusebenza kahle kweyunithi yamandla ngamaphesenti ama-5-8 akubonakali kangako ngokuhamba buthule.

I-Ford Focus Flexi Fuel Vehicle – Imoto yokuqala yaseBrithani i-Bioethanol. (UK) (03/22/2006)

Ukukhiqizwa kwamafutha angamanye amazwe amaningi kunenzuzo enkulu ngokombono womnotho kunokukhishwa noma ukuthengwa kwemikhiqizo kawoyela.

Yenziwa kanjani i-biodiesel?

Ukuthola lolu hlobo lukaphethiloli, izwe lingasebenzisa ama-rapeseed, ubhontshisi, amakinati, ubhekilanga nezinye izitshalo ezinamafutha. Abantu abaningi bakuthola kulula ukubona isimo lapho uwoyela wokukhiqiza i-biodiesel uthathwa hhayi kulezo zitshalo ezingasetshenziselwa ukudla, kodwa kusuka kwezinye izitshalo. Ngalesi sizathu, ungabona kaningi izinkambu ezinkulu ezitshalwe nge-rapeseed.

Inqubo uqobo, evumela ukukhiqizwa kukaphethiloli, inzima kakhulu, futhi yenziwa ngamakhemikhali anolwazi. Okokuqala, uwoyela utholakala esitshalweni esivuniwe. Ngemuva kwalokho isetshenziswa kanye notshwala obungu-monohydric (imethanol evamise kakhulu) ukusabela kwamakhemikhali ngokubamba iqhaza kwento ethile yokuthambisa. Inqubo ivuselelwa ngokushisa impahla eluhlaza kuze kufike kuma-degrees Celsius angamashumi amahlanu.

Ngenxa yalokho, isithako esisebenzayo sitholakala - i-methyl ether ne-glycerin. Ingxenyenamba yokuqala ihlanjululwa ekungcoleni kwe-methanol. Ngaphandle kokuhlanza umkhiqizo, awunakusetshenziswa ezinjinini, ngoba ukushisa kwawo kuzoholela ekuphekeni okungenakugwenywa kwazo zonke izingxenye ezibamba iqhaza ekusebenzeni kwenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi.

Ukuthola i-biodiesel ehlanzekile efanelekile ukufaka uphethiloli emotweni, ihlanzwa nge-centrifugation nangamanzi nge-sorbent. Okuqukethwe kwamanzi entweni nakho akwamukelekile, ngoba kukhuthaza ukubonakala kwama-microorganism ku-liquid. Ngalesi sizathu, i-methyl ether ehlanjululwayo yomile yomiswa.

Ihektha elilodwa lomhlaba odlwenguliwe likhiqiza ithani lamafutha. Iningi lomkhiqizo litholakala entendeni kawoyela (uma sithatha izitshalo zomhlaba) - kuze kufike kumalitha ayizinkulungwane eziyisithupha kawoyela angatholakala kwihektha elilodwa lokutshala. Kodwa-ke, la mafutha angathengwa kuphela ngemigoqo yegolide, ngakho-ke ukudlwengulwa kuyindlela engcono kakhulu.

Ukwehlisa ukusabela okungekuhle ezitshalweni ezikhulayo emasimini alungele ukolweni nezinye izitshalo, amanye amazwe ahlwanyela lokho okuthiwa amasimu "alahliwe". Njengoba ukudlwengulwa kuyisitshalo esingahlonipheki, kungatshalwa lapho ezinye izitshalo zingeke zimile izimpande noma ezindaweni ezinezinhlobonhlobo ezincane zezimila.

Kukumaphi amazwe i-biodiesel isetshenziswa?

Ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bephethiloli obuhlanzekile akumile, futhi cishe wonke amazwe aseYurophu ahlanganyela kulokhu. Kodwa-ke, i-United States ihamba phambili kulokhu. Uma kuqhathaniswa nokukhiqizwa komhlaba, isabelo saleli zwe cishe singamaphesenti angama-50. IBrazil isendaweni yesibili yabo bonke abakhiqizi bomhlaba - amaphesenti angama-22,5.

Okulandelayo kuza iGerman - 4,8%, kulandele i-Argentina - 3,8%, kulandele iFrance - 3%. Ekupheleni kuka-2010, ukusetshenziswa kwe-biodiesel nezinye izinhlobo zama-biogas kwaba ngamadola ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-56,4. Eminyakeni emibili nje kamuva, ukuthandwa kwalokhu uphethiloli kuye kwanda, futhi umthamo wokusetshenziswa komhlaba waba ngaphezu kwamadola ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-95. Futhi lokhu kungokwemininingwane yango-2010.

Nazi ezinye izibalo zango-2018:

I-European Environmental Commission ibeke umgomo wokuthi abenzi bayo bandise ukusetshenziswa kwezinye izinto zokubasa ezimotweni. Ibha okumele izinkampani lifinyelele kuyo okungenani amaphesenti ayi-10 azo zonke izimoto kumele asebenze ku-biofuel.

Izinzuzo ze-biodiesel

Isizathu sokuthi i-biodiesel inakwe kakhulu ngenxa yomlilo wayo onobungani bemvelo. Ngaphezu kwalesi sici, uphethiloli unamaphuzu amaningi amahle:

• Injini kadizili ayibhemi kangako ngesikhathi sokusebenza;
• Ukuqeda kuqukethe i-CO engaphansi kakhulu₂;
• Ingezelele izakhiwo zokuthambisa;
• Ngenxa yemvelaphi yayo yemvelo, inephunga elihluke ngokuphelele kunelemikhiqizo kaphethiloli;
• Akuyona into enobuthi, kepha uma ingena emhlabathini, imikhondo yayo inyamalala ngokuphelele ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-20;
• Ukukhiqizwa kwe-biofuel kungahlelwa epulazini elincane.

Okubi kwe-biodiesel

Ngenkathi i-biodiesel ithembisa, lolu hlobo lukaphethiloli lunezithiyo ezithile ezenza abashayeli bezimoto abaningi babe manqikanqika ukushintshela kulo:

• Ukwehla kokusebenza kahle kweyunithi yamandla cishe ngamaphesenti ayi-8;
• Ukusebenza kwayo kuncipha ngokuqala kweqhwa;
• Isisekelo samaminerali sithinta kabi izingxenye zensimbi;
• Insalela ehloniphekile iyavela (uma isetshenziswa emakhazeni), eyenza ngokushesha izihlungi noma izifakeli zephethiloli zingasebenziseki;
• Ngesikhathi sokufaka uphethiloli, kufanele uqaphele, ngoba uphethiloli wonakalisa ngokushesha umsebenzi wokupenda. Uma amaconsi engena, izinsalela zawo kufanele zisuswe ngokucophelela;
• Njengoba okokusebenza kwezinto eziphilayo kwehla, inempilo eshalofu emfushane kakhulu (engekho ngaphezu kwezinyanga ezintathu).

Buka futhi ividiyo emfushane yokuthi inqubo yokwenziwa kwama-biofuels yenzeka kanjani:

Ukukhiqizwa kwe-biofuel. Uhlelo lwesayensi # 18

Imibuzo nezimpendulo:

Iyini i-biofuel yezimoto? Lona umkhiqizo otholakala ngokuxuba i-bioethanol ephelelwe amanzi (amaphesenti angu-30-40) nophethiloli (amaphesenti angu-60-70) kanye nezithasiselo zokulwa nokubola.

Iyini imibi ye-biofuels? Ukukhiqiza okumba eqolo (kudinga indawo enkulu yokutshala izinto zokusetshenziswa), ukuncipha ngokushesha komhlaba lapho izitshalo ezibalulekile zingakhula khona, izindleko eziphezulu zamandla okukhiqizwa kwe-bioethanol.

Ingabe ama-biofuels angasetshenziswa? Abakhiqizi bezimoto abaningi bavumela ukusetshenziswa kwama-biofuels anotshwala obungamaphesenti amahlanu kuphela. Okuqukethwe utshwala okunjalo, ngokusho kokuhlangenwe nakho kwezinsizakalo eziningi, akulimazi injini.