Iyini i-bumper yemoto, incazelo yayo
Okuqukethwe
Umsebenzi oyinhloko webhampa yangemuva ukuvikela ukukhanya ngesikhathi sokushayisana nokunciphisa izindleko zokulungisa okulandelayo, ukuthatha umthelela omningi futhi, uma kungenzeka, kuvinjwe ukulimala komshayeli nabagibeli.
Ukuhamba kwezimoto zesimanje ngesivinini esikhulu kudinga ukuba khona kwemishini ekhethekile yokuvikela emotweni. I-bumper emotweni iyisici sesakhiwo, umsebenzi oyinhloko ukukhulisa ukuphepha kwabagibeli nokunciphisa ingozi yokulimala kwemoto uma ishayisana nesithiyo. I-bumper, etholakala ngaphambili emotweni, ibizwa ngokuthi ingaphambili, iqedela ukubukeka kwemoto futhi itholakala ngemuva - ngemuva.
Iyini i-bumper futhi kungani ibizwa kanjalo
Igama livela egameni lesiNgisi elithi bumper, elisho ukushaya, ukungqubuzana, liwudlulisa kahle umnyombo wenhloso nokusetshenziswa kwale ngxenye. I-bumper yemoto, uma ubheka ngaphansi kongqimba lwezinto zokudweba kanye nama-canopies okuhlobisa ahlukahlukene, i-beam eqinile eyenziwe ngezinto eziqinile eziyinhlanganisela.
Ibhampa
Lapho kungqubuzana nesithiyo noma enye imoto, i-beam ithatha igalelo eliyinhloko futhi ithambe, idambise amandla e-kinetic okwenzeka ngesikhathi sokuxhumana.
Imishayo yokuzivikela yafakwa emishinini ye-Packard njengenketho eyengeziwe eminyakeni engamashumi amabili yekhulu elidlule. I-serial bumper yokuqala yayiyinsimbi emise okwe-U futhi yafakwa ngo-1930 emotweni yeFord Model A ngomyalo kaHenry Ford ngokwakhe, umdali wombuso wezimoto odumile.
Injongo eyinhloko
Ibhampa yesimanje emotweni iyisivikelo somzimba wemoto yabagibeli uma kwenzeka ukushayisana okuncane emgwaqeni kanye nezithiyo ngaphandle komgwaqo.
Embonini yesimanje yezimoto, idivayisi yokuzivikela, ngaphezu kwenhloso yayo eyinhloko, ixazulula eminye imisebenzi ehlobene:
- Ukudala isithombe sangaphandle esivumelanayo semoto yesimanje, ukugcina isitayela sokuklama umzimba owodwa.
- Izakhiwo ezithuthukisiwe ze-aerodynamic ezinemiphetho ye-spoiler egobile.
Imishini yokupaka ifakwe ezinsikeni zokuzivikela - izinzwa zokupaka ezisiza umshayeli ukuthi agweme ukungqubuzana lapho epaka imoto. I-bumper yemoto yesimanje ayisona nje isivikelo somzimba emonakalweni wokukhanya, kodwa futhi iphaneli ephethe izinto eziyisixwayiso ezilula.
Ukuvela "kwe-protective beam"
Emlandweni wayo ocishe ube yikhulu, isakhiwo sokuvikela sesishintshe izikhathi ezingamakhulu, silahlekelwa ezinye izinketho futhi sithola ezintsha.
Imichilo yensimbi ezacile enabakaki abasafufusa namalinte kancane kancane yashintsha imishayo yensimbi eqinile ekwazi ukumelana nokuphahlazeka, isisindo sikabhampa wemoto sakhula. Ukugcizelelwa kwemiklamo enjalo kwakungekho ezindaweni ezishisayo, kodwa ekumunceni amandla ngokuchoboza insimbi.
Maphakathi nekhulu leminyaka elidlule, izakhi zokuzivikela zathola ama-roundings angena emaceleni emoto, namaphinifa avikela umzimba ekunamatheleni kokungcola. Amanye amamodeli, njenge-Lincoln Continental yango-1942, ayefakwe ubhampa wokugoqa.
Kancane kancane, abaphindayo bezinkomba zokuqondisa bathuthele ekwakhiweni komugqa wokuvikela, futhi kwavela izibani zenkungu kumamodeli aseMelika.
Yenziwe ngani ibhampa yesimanje?
Ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kwemboni yezimoto kanye nenqubekelaphambili yesayensi kuholele enkingeni yokuma "kwegobolondo lokuvikela" kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinto eziyinhlanganisela njengesisekelo salo. Emhlabeni wanamuhla, izinto ezilandelayo zisetshenziselwa ukwenza ubhampa wemoto:
- ipulasitiki ye-carbon;
- ingilazi ye-fiberglass;
- insimbi;
- i-polypropylene noma i-polyurethane.
I-bumper yesimanje emotweni ayiyona nje ingxenye esebenzayo, kodwa futhi umhlobiso ohlangabezana nezidingo zokuklama imoto. Uma ubheka izithombe ze-inthanethi zobhampa bezimoto, ungakhetha inketho engcono kakhulu yemoto yakho. Imibala ehlukahlukene - umkhiqizo ungadwetshwa ngombala womzimba, uhluke noma umbozwe nge-chrome.
Imisebenzi esebenzayo yebhampa yangaphambili
I-bumper yangaphambili emotweni iwukuvikelwa kwamayunithi ayinhloko uma kwenzeka ingozi yomgwaqo, ukunciphisa ingozi yokulimala kumshayeli nabagibeli, kanye nethuluzi eliphumelelayo lokunikeza imoto ukubukeka okuyingqayizivele kwemoto. Ukuphakama, umkhawulo ophansi kanye nezakhiwo zobuchwepheshe zedivayisi yokuzivikela zilawulwa ngamazinga akhethekile.
Abakhiqizi bezimoto zesimanje banikeza izinketho eziningi zokufakwa kumshini ofanayo wemoto, okunikeza umthengi ukukhetha kuye ngokuthandwa komuntu siqu kokuhlomisa imoto ngemisebenzi eyengeziwe. Zonke izinketho zemodeli eyodwa zinezihlalo ezifanayo. Ungathenga ibhampa yohlobo olufunayo hhayi kuphela lapho uthatha imoto, kodwa futhi esitolo esivamile sezingxenye zezimoto.
Ubhampa wemoto
Ubhampa wemoto wesimanje uqukethe izingxenye ezahlukahlukene futhi unezimbobo zokufakwa:
- abaphangi;
- ukubumba;
- ama-gratings;
- izibani zenkungu;
- amawasha okuvikela ingilazi amalambu;
- i-parktronic.
Ezinye izimoto zifakwe efekthri ngezinsimbi zokuphepha ezinama-airbag abantu abahamba ngezinyawo ukuze kuncishiswe ukulimala engozini yomgwaqo. Obhampa abashuniwe abafakwe ezimotweni ngabathandi bezinye izizwe benza imoto ibukeke ingajwayelekile futhi isesitayeleni.
Lapho kuthuthukiswa umklamo wokuvikela, ukunakwa okukhethekile kunikezwa izakhiwo ze-aerodynamic zemoto, indawo ye-bumper inomthelela omkhulu kule mingcele. Imodeli eklanywe kahle isabalalisa kahle ukugeleza komoya okuzayo futhi yandisa ukuzinza komshini ngesivinini esikhulu nasemakhoneni.
Izici zebhampa yangemuva
Umsebenzi oyinhloko webhampa yangemuva ukuvikela ukukhanya ngesikhathi sokushayisana nokunciphisa izindleko zokulungisa okulandelayo, ukuthatha umthelela omningi futhi, uma kungenzeka, kuvinjwe ukulimala komshayeli nabagibeli.
Obhampa besimanje bangemuva bafakwe izimbobo zezinzwa zokupaka, okwenza kube lula ukupaka imoto.
Kungenzeka yini ukushayela imoto ngaphandle kwama-bumpers
Umshayeli kufanele aqaphele ukuthi ukushayela lapho kungekho mishini yokuzivikela akuphephile futhi ujeziswa ngenhlawulo efinyelela ku-500 ruble ngesisusa - ngezinguquko ezenziwe ekwakhiweni kwemoto ngaphandle kwemvume yamaphoyisa omgwaqo.
Ngezinye izikhathi isitifiketi sengozi singasiza endabeni enjalo uma umshayeli eshayela imoto endaweni yokulungisa, kodwa lolu daba luphelele ekuboneni komhloli wamaphoyisa omgwaqo.
