Liyini ibhasi, izinhlobo nezinhlobo

Kunamabhasi ayizigidi eziningana emigwaqweni emhlabeni wonke nsuku zonke. Amazwe ahlukile, kepha inhloso yebhasi iyafana: ukuthutha abantu ususe kwenye indawo uye kwenye ngemali encane (uma kuqhathaniswa nesitimela, indiza, isibonelo).

Ngokwesayensi, ibhasi iyimoto ongahamba ngayo kusuka kubagibeli abayi-8 ngasikhathi.

Indlela ebukeka ngayo ngaphakathi nangaphandle

Ezokuthutha zinikwe amandla yimoto. Angahamba ezinhlangothini zomgwaqo, abuyele emuva. Lokhu kwehlukanisa nethilamu. Akuwona wonke amabhasi anabaqhubi. Kulezi zinsuku, iningi lezimoto linama- "desk cash" ezinkokhelo ezingathintwa noma amakhadi okukhokha.

Ukusuka ngaphandle, ibhasi libukeka njengemoto ende enamasondo amane nezinto ezengeziwe, i-windshield ebanzi, amafasitela abanzi kulo lonke ikhabethe, enezicabha ezimbili ezinkulu. Amawindi asemaceleni angaphezulu kwezinga lomshayeli lokubona, ama "wiper" makhulu futhi awahambi ngokushesha.

Umklamo yilokhu - ngaphakathi kwebhasi kukhona njalo "izigaba" ezi-2: isihlalo somgibeli nomshayeli. Ezokuthutha azinayo i-partition ekhethekile, kodwa ngokuvamile kunomugqa oqondile ngemuva kwesihlalo somshayeli, okungukuthi, akunakwenzeka ukusondela kumshayeli ngemuva. Yenzelwe ukuphepha.

Ibhasi ngalinye lifakwe izihlalo zepulasitiki ezimbozwe ngendwangu noma enye impahla. Inani lezihlalo lincike ebude bemoto. Isikhala sokuma sibalwa ngakunye ngebhasi ngalinye. Umphumela wokuqoqeka wenani lamahora wokunyakaza ezokuthutha awukhiqizwanga kakhulu.

Izidingo zegumbi, izihlalo nezinye izinto

Ibhasi lenzelwe ukuhamba okuphephile, okungabizi futhi okunethezeka edolobheni. Ukuhambisana nalezi zinhloso, uhlu lwezidingo zezihlalo nokwakhiwa lakhiwe.

Lokhu kufaka phakathi izilawuli ezingeziwe ezitholakala kuphela kumshayeli. Izicisha mlilo, amakhithi osizo lokuqala, "izando" zokwephula amawindi esimweni esiphuthumayo - konke kufanele kube khona ebhasini. Uphethiloli owengeziwe, amasondo, iqoqo lamathuluzi, amanzi nazo ziyizidingo eziyimpoqo zokukhishwa kwezimoto emfuleni.

Izigaba ezahlukahlukene zamabhasi zinemithetho yazo yokuhamba. Kwasungulwa uhlu lwamabhasi, lwahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezinhlanu. Isibonelo, inkanyezi engu-5 futhi, ngokufanele, isigaba esingu-1 siyisithuthi esidalelwe uhambo olufushane oluzungeza idolobha noma indawo eseduze (kuze kube yimizuzu engama-1). Isigaba 40 - amabhasi anezimo ezikahle zokuhamba kwasekhaya noma ezokuvakasha emabangeni amafushane, njalonjalo, 2, 3 (amakilasi ajwayelekile). Isigaba 4 - ukunethezeka.

Izihlalo, amabanga emilenze, ubukhona bomoya opholisayo - konke kusongwa ngawodwana efektri noma kaningi othwala / umshayeli.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwamabhasi

Amabhasi ahluke kakhulu. Ngokwakhiwa, indlela yokuhamba, inani lemishini, ukwakheka, usayizi. Ake sicabangele ukuhlukaniswa okuningana.

Ukuya khona

Kuhambo edolobheni kusetshenziswa uhlobo olulodwa lwezokuthutha, kwimizila yasedolobheni - eyesibili, eyabavakashi - eyesithathu.

Urban... Isetshenziselwa ukuhambisa abantu edolobheni, ikakhulukazi emigwaqeni eyisicaba. Ibhasi lihlale linezindawo eziningi zokuhlala nokuhamba limile. Amabhasi amaningi asebenzisa iminyango emi-2, kwesinye isikhathi kuvela okwesithathu. Zenzelwe ukuphuma ngokushesha nokungena kwabagibeli. Izimoto ezinjalo zinendawo ephansi, izibambo ezikhanyayo ezinethezekile, izindawo ezinkulu zezindawo zokuma. Amafektri adala ukukhanyisa okwengeziwe, imishini yokushisa (yohambo olunethezekile nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka). Lolu hlobo lwebhasi lujika ngokushesha emigwaqeni.

I-Suburban... Kusetshenziswa ukushayela kusuka komunye umuzi uye komunye. Kunezindawo eziningi zokuhlala endaweni yezokuthutha futhi akukho ndawo yokuma. Leli bhasi lenzelwa ukushayela idolobha nasedolobheni. Uma kuqhathaniswa nohlobo lwangaphambilini, inejubane eliphakeme.

Izivakashi... Ukuhamba ibanga elide ukuya kwamanye amadolobha / amazwe. Azikho izindawo zokuma, kuphela ezihleli phansi. Amabhasi anesikhala semithwalo, iphasishi elincane nezihlalo eziningi ezinebanga elikhulu phakathi kwemigqa yohambo olunethezekile. Isiqandisi, ithoyilethi, ikhabethe lezingubo kungavela ezokuthutha. Kuya ngendawo nesikhathi esiphelele sokuhamba. Akuvunyelwe ukweqa ijubane ngenkathi uhamba, futhi ume ngokungazelelwe futhi.

Kunezidingo ezithile zokuthuthwa kwezivakashi. Isibonelo, kufanele kube nezihlalo ezihleli phansi, indawo yokubeka izinyawo, amawindi amakhulu we-panoramic, igumbi lemithwalo elijule ngokwanele, imishini yokungenisa umoya. Amabhasi ahlukene akhiqizwa ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zezwe. Emadolobheni asenyakatho, kugcizelelwa ukushisa, ukuvala umsindo, nokuvikela umoya. Kubantu baseningizimu - ifilimu evikela ilanga, izinga eliphezulu lomoya. Ukuze izintaba - retarders, kushintshwe amabhande esihlalo

Ngomthamo

Amandla yinani lezindawo zokuhlala nokuma. Kuboniswe kuphaneli engemuva komshayeli. Imvamisa kusuka ezihlalweni ezingama-30 nangaphezulu. Umthamo wamabhasi ezinhlobo ezahlukene nawo uyehluka. Isibonelo, ezokuthutha zasemadolobheni zibandakanya zombili izindawo ezihleliwe nezimile - imvamisa kukhona eziningi zazo. Ibhasi lezivakashi lithwala kuphela abagibeli lihleli phansi, ngakho-ke umthamo uphansi.

Ngosayizi

Ukuhlukaniswa kwangaphambilini (ngomthamo) kuncike ngokuphelele kubukhulu: ubude nobubanzi bemoto. Kunezinhlobo ezilandelayo zamabhasi ezobuchwepheshe:

· Ikakhulukazi encane - kuze kufike kumamitha ayi-5;

· Encane - kuze kufike kumamitha ayi-7,5, kufaka phakathi izihlalo ezingafika kuma-40

· Medium - kuze kufike kumamitha ayi-9,5, kufaka phakathi izihlalo ezingafika kuma-65;

· Ezinkulu - ezingafika kumamitha ayi-12, zifaka phakathi izihlalo ezingafika ku-110;

Okukhulu kakhulu - kufika ku-16,5 kufaka izihlalo ezifika ku-110 (ubude buyakhuphuka ngenxa yokutholakala kwezinsiza: indlu yangasese, isiqandisi, njll.).

Ngokwesibalo sezitezi

Konke kulula lapha. Ama-single-deckers amabhasi akudala. Isigaba esisodwa nohhafu - isikhala sabelwe igumbi lezimpahla, futhi izihlalo "ziphakanyisiwe". I-Double-decker - izivakashi, amabhasi wokubuka indawo, adingeka ngaphandle kweRussia.

Ngohlobo lomzimba, isakhiwo kanye nomklamo

Ngokujwayelekile, wonke amamodeli amabhasi angahlukaniswa abe okuhlukile futhi ngaphandle kwe-hood (uhlobo lwenqola). Esimweni sokuqala, ukuklama kwebhasi kuyivolumu emibili (ngokubukeka, imoto ingaphandle kwendawo yabagibeli). Uhlobo lomzimba wenqola - ivolumu eyodwa (indawo yenjini itholakala ngaphakathi kwegumbi).

Ngohlobo lomzimba, ukwakheka nokuklama, amabhasi ahlukaniswe ngamamodeli ana:

• Injini yangaphambili;
• Indawo emaphakathi yenjini;
• Injini yangemuva;
• umklamo we-cabover;
• Ihood;
• indawo ephezulu;
• Isitezi esiphansi;
• Idizayini ecacisiwe;
• Idizayini eyodwa;
• Ukwakhiwa kwesitezi ezimbili;
• Ukwakhiwa kwesitezi esisodwa nesigamu;
• isakhiwo setheminali;
• i-trailer;
• I-semi-trailer.

Ngenombolo yamasaluni

Lokhu kuhlukaniswa kuhlanganisa izinhlobo ezimbili zemizimba. Isigaba sokuqala sasihlanganisa amabhasi anevolumu eyodwa noma amabili anekhabethe elilodwa kuphela, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi lingakanani. Isigaba sesibili sihlanganisa amamodeli anomzimba ocacile (okuthiwa "i-accordion"). Kumklamo onjalo, kungase kube namakhabethe amabili noma ngaphezulu axhunywe elinye nelinye ngesigaba esigudlukayo.

I-salon ngayinye eyengeziwe iqedile. Ngenxa yalokhu, ibhasi elinjalo likwazi ukuthwala inani elikhulu labagibeli ngaphandle kokuyekethisa ukunethezeka kwabo. Kodwa ukuze ulawule ezokuthutha, udinga ukuthola iziqu ezikhethekile. Enye inzuzo yama-cabins acacisiwe ukuthi abagibeli balayisha ngokushesha ngenxa yobuningi beminyango.

Ngebude

Kulesi sigaba, wonke amabhasi ahlukaniswe izigaba ezintathu:

1. Ikilasi elincane - ibhasi elinobude obungamamitha angu-7.5 nobuncane obungamamitha angu-4.5.
2. Isigaba esiphakathi siyimodeli enobude obusuka ku-8 kuya ku-9.5 amamitha.
3. Ikilasi elikhulu - amabhasi anobukhulu kakhulu, ubude bawo budlula amamitha ayishumi futhi angafinyelela ku-17 m.

Ngokwesigaba esincane ngosayizi, amabhasi ahlukaniswe:

• Ikakhulukazi encane - kufika kumamitha amahlanu ubude.
• Okuncane - ubude kusuka ku-7.5 kuya ku-XNUMX m.
• Medium - ubude 8-9.5 amamitha.
• Okukhulu - ubude kusuka ku-10.5 kuya ku-12 amamitha.
• Ikakhulukazi - ubude budlula amamitha angu-12.

Ezinye izimpawu zokuhlukanisa

Ngokwengeziwe, kunamabhasi enjini yangaphambili nenjini yangemuva. Zikhiqizwa ngemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene, ezokuthutha zithengwa ngawodwana. Kunamabhasi ebhonethi nacabover. Imvamisa laba bakamuva baba "nobuso" obuyisicaba, basondela eduze kwezimoto bahlanganise ukugeleza kokuminyana kwezimoto. Zama ukuthatha isikhala esincane uma ngamagama alula. Kukhona futhi indawo ephezulu, iphansi eliphansi - imikhakha ehlukile.

Ngokusho kohlobo lwenjini, uphethiloli, udizili, negesi kuyabonakala. Amabhasi kagesi asakazekile, kepha amabhasi kadizili nawo ayadingeka. Izimoto zikaphethiloli azivamile ngenxa yezindleko zikaphethiloli.

Amabhasi akhethekile

Amabhasi akhethekile ekuqaleni "ayejwayelekile". Zaguqulwa, kwanamathiselwa izitifiketi ezimotweni, abashayeli banikezwa igoli elithile banikezwa umzila ohlukile.

Kukhona:

Ezokwelapha... Lokhu akusho itekisi yomzila ohleliwe, kodwa ibhasi eligcwele. Iqukethe ithimba lokuvuselela noma i-laboratory. Akuvamile ukubonwa edolobheni nasemaphethelweni. Zisetshenziselwa izingozi ezimbi, ukuthutha abantu zisuka kwesinye isibhedlela ziye kwesinye.

Isikole... Isisekelo - noma yiliphi ibhasi, elidala, elisha. Inketho isetshenziselwa ukuhambisa izingane edolobheni nangaphezulu. Imvamisa kuvela emadolobhaneni / emadolobheni / ezindaweni zokuhlala zasemadolobheni. Izingane zilethwa lapho ukuthola imfundo eyengeziwe noma eyisisekelo. Kwenzeka kanjena: ibhasi lilanda izingane eziqhamuka ezifundeni ezahlukahlukene zesifunda bese liyiswa nazo endaweni eyodwa. Ilindile, ibuyisela emuva. Edolobheni, imoto isetshenziswa ngesikhathi sohambo noma ngendlela efanayo: ukuhambisa izingane zisuka kwenye indawo ziyise kwenye. Ezokuthutha kufanele zihlonyiswe ngamabhande esihlalo, izihlalo zenzelwe izingane, kunezibambo zokubamba eziphansi. Umbala webhasi uhlale uphuzi ngokugqamile, ngombhalo obomvu othi "IZINGANE" kanye nophawu oluhambisanayo efasiteleni langaphambili nasemafasiteleni angemuva.

Ukujikeleza... Abantu bakubiza ngokuthi "bukela". Isetshenziselwa ukuthutha abasebenzi ukuya nokubuya emsebenzini. Akuhlukile kakhulu kwamanye amabhasi. Isinamatheli mayelana nendawo yenhlangano singanamathiselwa ezokuthutha ukuze abanye abantu bangaphambanisi ibhasi elijikelezayo nebhasi ledolobha.

Ukukhangisa... Kunezinhlobo ezi-2. Uhlobo lokuqala umshayeli nemishini yokusebenza emzimbeni okuthi, ngokusebenzisa isipikha noma izipikha, ihambise imininingwane kubantu. Uhlobo lwesibili lubandakanya umshayeli neqembu labantu abashayela bezungeza idolobha, bame ezindaweni ezimatasa ikakhulukazi futhi batshele izikhangiso.

Isiko... Kunesidingo esibalulekile samabhasi: kufanele kube khona amakhethini, amakhethini noma ukuthinta amafasitela endlini. Ukuqapha ngokumelene nokuhlola amehlo kanye namakholwa ngamabika - kusuka esweni elibi.

Insiza Yokutakula... Kugqanyiswe ngemibala ekhanyayo. Ngaphakathi kwemishini, abantu abangu-4-5. Bashayela ngokushesha, uma kungenzeka, badinga ukuyeka indlela.

Iphinifa... Bahambisa abagibeli abasuka ebhanoyini baye esikhumulweni sezindiza futhi ngokufanayo. Banendawo encane yokuhlala - cishe i-10 yebhasi lonke, izinyathelo eziphansi, izibambo eziningi zokubamba, nendawo eningi yokuma. Kwesinye isikhathi kufakwa isitebhisi kokuhamba - awudingi ngisho nokuhla ebhasini.

Ukubuka izindawo... Kubizwa nangokuthi iyazishayela, yize kukhona umshayeli ngaphakathi. Njalo ngaphezu kwezithuthi zomphakathi. Kuyakhanya ngaphandle, kunethezekile ngaphakathi. Amawindi angaba uhhafu ovulekile phakathi nehlobo. Kukhona futhi amamodeli ane-top evulekile noma enezitezi ezimbili. Lolu hlobo luhlala lushintshwa futhi luguqulwa.

Izici ezijwayelekile zokuthuthwa kwabagibeli banamuhla

Amamodeli avela e-USSR ayayeka ukushayela emigwaqeni. Esikhundleni sazo, sekuqale kwethulwa into entsha, ethule. Ibukeka yinhle ngaphandle futhi ifakwe imininingwane yokuhamba ngokunethezeka. Inezici ezengeziwe zokuphepha ezakhelwe ngaphakathi nezinzwa zokuhamba. Kunakwe kakhulu esihlalweni somshayeli: isihlalo esinethezekile, ukuqondisa ugesi, kusho ukwenza lula ukushayela ibhasi. Kumamodeli amaningi, izindlela zokukhokha ngaphandle kokuxhumana zixhunyiwe. Amabhasi aqinisekisa ukunethezeka kwabagibeli lapho behamba edolobheni namaphethelo. Ukukhethwa kwezokuthutha kwenziwa ikakhulukazi yizinkampani zezokuthutha, ezimweni ezingavamile - ngumshayeli.

Imikhiqizo namamodeli athandwayo

Ezokuthutha zasemadolobheni zikhiqizwa yimikhiqizo yaseRussia: I-Gazelle, i-UAZ, i-ZIL, ne-LiAZ. Wonke umuntu ubabona edolobheni nsuku zonke. Amafektri ezimoto angaphandle nawo akha amabhasi. Imikhiqizo yakwamanye amazwe ifaka iMercedes, Volvo (futhi ungabona kaningi bobabili abakhiqizi), iSetra, MAN, Iveco, njll. Kokubili abakhiqizi baseRussia nabangaphandle bayadingeka.

Ividiyo ngesihloko

Sengiphetha, sinikeza ividiyo emfushane mayelana nokuguqulwa okuhlukile kwamabhasi e-MAZ:

Izinhlobo nokuguqulwa kwamabhasi e-MAZ | Ibhasi "MAZ"

Imibuzo nezimpendulo:

Zingaki izihlalo ebhasini labagibeli? Umthamo webhasi uncike kubude balo, indawo okuyiwa kuyo (yamazwe ngamazwe, phakathi kwezifunda noma intracity) kanye nekilasi. Amabhasi angamamitha ayi-12 angakwazi ukuthwala abagibeli abangafika kwabangama-90, kumamodeli acacisiwe angaphezulu kuka-90.

Amabhasi ahlukaniswa kanjani kuye ngekilasi? Wonke amabhasi abagibeli ahlukaniswa ngokusho: inhloso, ubude, umthamo wabagibeli (ikilasi elincane, eliphakathi nendawo elikhulu), uhlobo lomzimba, ukwakheka, ukuklama, inombolo yama-salon.

Mangaki amakilasi amabhasi akhona? Sekukonke kunamakilasi amabili amabhasi: abagibeli nabakhethekile. Esimeni sesibili, lena inguqulo ethuthukisiwe yebhasi labagibeli.