Zisho ukuthini izinombolo eziphuzi ezimotweni eRussia nakwamanye amazwe
Okuqukethwe
Izimoto ezinamapuleti elayisensi aphuzi eRussia, ngokwemithetho yomgwaqo, zinezinzuzo eziningi. Umbala wophawu ukhomba kubo bonke abasebenzisi bomgwaqo ukuthi imoto isetshenziselwa ukuthutha abagibeli futhi inelayisensi yalolu hlobo lomsebenzi.
Umbuso ngamunye ulawula izinga lezimpawu zezimoto, kucatshangelwa izici ezingavamile zokukhiqiza kazwelonke. Kwamanye amazwe, izinombolo eziphuzi ezimotweni zisho ukuthi imoto ihlobene nezinsizakalo ezithile, kwamanye iwukuhlonipha nje isiko, kwamanye, ukumaka umbala kubhekwa njengokufundeka kalula. Ake sicabangele ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi izinombolo eziphuzi emotweni zisho ukuthini eRussian Federation, emazweni athile aseYurophu.
Besho ukuthini
Ngokwendinganiso kazwelonke, eRussian Federation wonke amapuleti elayisensi angaba nemibala emihlanu. Lokhu kusebenza kungemuva elijwayelekile abalingisi abakhishwa kukho. Izinhlamvu nezinombolo ngokwazo zingaba mnyama noma zibe mhlophe.
Kuze kube ngu-2002, izinombolo eziphuzi emotweni eRussia, Belarus, Ukraine zanikezwa kuphela izakhamuzi zakwamanye amazwe noma abantu abangenabuzwe.
Ukuze uthole ireferensi. Abantu abangenabuzwe bangabantu abangenabo ubuzwe noma ubuzwe. Izakhamuzi zangaphambili zamazwe angazange abe khona ngenxa yezizathu ezihlukahlukene (i-annexation, umsebenzi, njll.).
Amapuleti elayisensi aphuzi ezimoto e-Kazakhstan
Ngemva kuka-2002, i-GOST yashintshwa ezweni. Namuhla, izinombolo eziphuzi ezibhalisiwe eRussia zifakwa ezimotweni ezisetshenziselwa ukuthutha abagibeli, zisebenza ezinsizeni zomphakathi (amaloli kadoti, imishini yokunisela, i-snowplows).
E-Russia
Eminyakeni eyishumi yokuqala ka-2002, i-GOST yabuyekezwa eRussian Federation. Le nqubo elandelayo yalungiswa ngokusemthethweni: izinombolo eziphuzi zisetshenziswa kuphela ezimotweni ezithintekayo ekuthuthweni kwabantu. Kungaba itekisi, itekisi yomzila ongashintshi, izithuthi zomphakathi zabagibeli.
Idatha yepuleti lelayisense ikhishelwa izinkampani zamatekisi kanye nabantu abasebenza emkhakheni wezokuthutha abagibeli. Kodwa esifundeni ngasinye seRussian Federation kunemikhawulo ethile ekukhishweni kwezinombolo ezinjalo. Isibonelo, ipuleti lokubhalisa eliphuzi lizonikezwa umshayeli uma imoto ehloselwe ukuthuthwa abagibeli ipendwe ephuzi noma inemigqa yokuhlonza ephuzi.
Izinzuzo ezinikezwa ukusetshenziswa kwalesi sibonakaliso zisebenza kuyo yonke indawo yeRussian Federation.
ENgilandi
E-UK, ipuleti lokubhalisa emotweni lingaba kungemuva elimhlophe neliphuzi. Kodwa uma inombolo yangemuva ingaba yinoma yini, khona-ke ingemuva langaphambili limhlophe kuphela. Lokhu kunikezwa kuhlobene nomthethonqubo i-BS AU 145d, ochaza ukuthi imoto ihlonyiswe ngama-number plate abonakala kakhulu uma kuhwalala.
Kusukela ngo-1973, izwe laqala ukufaka kabusha izinombolo zangaphambili. Kodwa amapuleti angemuva awakwazanga ukukhanyiswa ngemithombo yokukhanya emhlophe, ukuze angaphuphutheki abashayeli bangemuva. Ngakho-ke, uhulumeni wanquma ukusebenzisa izibani namapuleti elayisensi ngemuva anombala osawolintshi okhanyayo.
EBelarus
E-Belarus, amapuleti elayisensi anombala emotweni abonisa ukuthi imoto isetshenziselwa ukuthutha abagibeli. Kulokhu, ukusetshenziswa kwezimpawu kuzoba okujwayelekile: inombolo, izinhlamvu ezintathu, izinombolo ezine. Kuze kube ngu-2000, izinkampani zakwamanye amazwe zisebenzisa isizinda esiphuzi nesawolintshi, futhi amabheji akhishelwa ohambweni lwamanxusa namanxusa.
Namuhla, awekho cishe amapuleti alo mbala asele emigwaqweni: amanxusa kanye nemishini yangaphandle kwaba ngabokuqala ukushintshela kuzimpawu ezingemuva elibomvu.
EKazakhstan
E-Kazakhstan, ukuba khona kwamapuleti elayisensi anemibala emotweni kubonisa ukuthi imoto yangeniswa e-republic isuka emazweni e-EAEU futhi inokubhaliswa kwesikhashana. Uhulumeni ubeke isikhathi sonyaka ongu-1 kubanikazi bezimoto ezinjalo ukuze babhaliswe ngokugcwele futhi babhaliswe nerejista yombuso.
Yiziphi izinzuzo izinombolo eRussia
Izimoto ezinamapuleti elayisensi aphuzi eRussia, ngokwemithetho yomgwaqo, zinezinzuzo eziningi. Umbala wophawu ukhomba kubo bonke abasebenzisi bomgwaqo ukuthi imoto isetshenziselwa ukuthutha abagibeli futhi inelayisensi yalolu hlobo lomsebenzi. Ngakho-ke, ingakwazi:
- Hamba emzileni ogcinelwe izithuthi zomphakathi. Futhi lokhu kusho ukuthi ungami esiminyaminyeni sezimoto amahora amaningi.
- Ukupaka mahhala emarenki amatekisi akhokhelwayo.
Namuhla, ukuthuthwa okusemthethweni kungenziwa ngaphandle kokushintsha izinombolo ezimhlophe ezijwayelekile zibe ezinemibala.
Ubani okhishwa eRussia nakwamanye amazwe
E-Russian Federation, ipuleti yelayisense ephuzi emotweni isho ukuthi umshayeli umatasa kwezokuthutha, unelayisensi futhi usebenza ngokusemthethweni. Kodwa ukuthola ipuleti lelayisense elinemibala akuyona imfuneko.
Amapuleti angaphandle aphuzi
E-Europe, amapuleti amalayisense alula awolintshi asetshenziselwa ukukhomba izimoto zentengiso. Kodwa inombolo yangemuva ephuzi ingatholakala nasezimotweni ezizimele.
Inhlangano esemthethweni (amapaki amatekisi, izinkampani, amafemu, amagatsha) kanye nomuntu othole isimo sosomabhizinisi ngamunye angakhipha izimpawu ezikhethekile eRussian Federation. Usomabhizinisi ngamunye kufanele abe nekhodi ye-OKVED engu-49.32, imoto, inqubomgomo ye-OSAGO enophawu "itekisi".
Ilayisense ye-IP yokuthekelisa ikhishwa iminyaka emi-5. Lapho kucutshungulwa isicelo semvume, lezi zinto ezilandelayo ziyabhekwa:
- isipiliyoni somshayeli - okungenani iminyaka emi-5;
- iminyaka yemoto ayikho ngaphezu kweminyaka eyi-10.
Ungafika kanjani eRussia
Ngaphambi kokuthola izinombolo zezinombolo ezikhethekile, umshayeli kufanele athole ilayisensi yelungelo lokuthutha abagibeli. Futhi hlomisa kahle imoto yakho: faka izimpawu zokuhlonza namabhikhoni "itekisi", umshini wamarisidi, i-tachometer, njll. Isicelo selayisensi sibhekwa kuze kube yizinsuku ezingu-30.
Amapuleti elayisensi akwa-Israel
Iphakheji lamadokhumenti:
- ipasipoti yesakhamuzi saseRussia Federation;
- Ukukhishwa kwe-USRIP (usuku lokukhishwa kwe-extract - hhayi ngaphezu kwezinsuku ezingu-30 ezedlule);
- imibhalo yemoto (ilayisensi, isitifiketi sokubhalisa, ikhadi lokuxilonga);
- isicelo selayisensi;
- Umshwalense we-OSAGO.
Ngo-2020, abashayeli bamatekisi akudingeki bashintshe izinombolo ezimhlophe ezijwayelekile zibe eziphuzi. Inqubo yokusetha kabusha ingokuzithandela.
Ngelayisensi yokusebenza, umshayeli wetekisi ufaka isicelo kumnyango wamaphoyisa omgwaqo wendawo bese edweba isicelo sokukhishwa nokufakwa kabusha kwepuleti lelayisense.
Isho ukuthini isifunda esigqanyisiwe esiphuzi epuleti lelayisense yemoto?
Ngokusho kwe-GOST, izimpawu ezinesibopho sesifunda kungemuva eliphuzi ziwuphawu lophawu lwezokuthutha. Imoto ayikabhaliswa emaphoyiseni omgwaqo. Ngaphezu kombala, izinto zokuhamba ziyahluka kumapuleti ajwayelekile ngokulandelana kwezinhlamvu: okokuqala kunezinhlamvu ezimbili, bese kuba izinombolo ezintathu, futhi inombolo iphetha ngohlamvu.
Okufanele ukucabangele lapho uthenga
Izinombolo eziphuzi emotweni eRussian Federation zisho kuphela ukuthi imoto ingasetshenziselwa ukuthutha. Uma uthenga itekisi, kodwa ungenayo ilayisense yalolu hlobo lomsebenzi, kuyodingeka uyiqaqe imoto (ukhiphe izimpawu zokukhomba) bese ushintsha izimpawu ezinemibala zibe mhlophe ngokusebenzisa amaphoyisa omgwaqo.
Lapho uthenga imoto enezinombolo zokuhamba, kuyanconywa futhi ukuxoxisana nomnikazi mayelana nokubhaliswa kokuqala ngesikhathi sokuvunyelwa kwentela. Futhi vele uthenge imoto ebhalisiwe, hhayi ezinombolweni zokuhamba.
