Isho ukuthini i-API emafutheni enjini?

I-API kawoyela wenjini imele i-American Petroleum Institute. I-API yinhlangano enkulu yokuhweba embonini kawoyela negesi. Ngaphezu kwemisebenzi eminingi, i-API isabalalisa amakhophi angaphezu kuka-200,000 emibhalo yayo yezobuchwepheshe minyaka yonke. Le mibhalo ixoxa ngamazinga obuchwepheshe kanye nezidingo ezidingekayo ukuze kuzuzwe amazinga.

Ububanzi be-API abuhlanganisi nje kuphela imboni kawoyela negesi, kodwa nanoma iyiphi imboni ethinta izithakazelo zikawoyela. Ngakho-ke, i-API isekela izigaba ezihlukene njengezinga le-API lamageji entambo yokunemba, izinjini zokuthungela ngokucindezela (udizili), namafutha.

Uhlelo lokuhlukaniswa kwamafutha e-API

Phakathi kwamazinga amaningi e-API, kukhona uhlelo oluqinisekisa ukuthi uwoyela uhlinzeka ngokuvikeleka kwenjini efanayo. Ibizwa ngokuthi isistimu yokuhlukanisa i-SN futhi yagunyazwa ngo-2010, ithatha indawo yesistimu ye-SM endala. Uhlelo lwe-CH luhlinzeka:

• Ukuvikelwa kwepiston okuthuthukisiwe emazingeni okushisa aphezulu. • Ukulawulwa kodaka okuthuthukisiwe. • Ukuhambisana okuthuthukisiwe kwe-seal namafutha okwelapha (izihlanzi).

Ukuze uhambisane ngokugcwele nezinga le-SN, uwoyela kufanele futhi unikeze okungcono kakhulu:

• Ukuvikelwa kwesistimu yokukhipha umoya wezimoto • Ukuvikelwa kwesistimu ye-turbocharging yezimoto • Ukuthobela uphethiloli okusekelwe ku-ethanol

Uma umkhiqizo we-petroleum uhlangabezana nazo zonke lezi zidingo, uthathwa njengokuthobela i-SN futhi uthola ukugunyazwa kwe-API. Kubathengi, lokhu kusho ukuthi uwoyela uyathengeka, uyasebenza, uthobela yonke imithetho yombuso esebenzayo nekahulumeni, uvikela imvelo, futhi uhlangabezana nazo zonke izindinganiso zokuphepha. Lena i-ajenda enolaka.

Umaki we-API wokugunyaza

Uma uwoyela ugunyazwa ukuthi uhlangabezane nezinga le-SN, uthola okulingana nophawu lwe-API. Ibizwa ngokuthi i-donut yi-API, ibukeka njenge-donut ngoba ichaza izindinganiso amafutha ahlangabezana nazo. Phakathi nendawo yedonathi uzothola isilinganiso se-SAE. Ukuze ugunyazwe ukuthotshelwa ngokuphelele, uwoyela kufanele uhlangabezane ngokugcwele namazinga e-SAE viscosity kawoyela. Uma uwoyela uhlangabezana nezimfuneko ze-SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers), uthola isilinganiso esifanele se-viscosity. Ngakho uwoyela ogunyazwe njengowoyela we-SAE 5W-30 uzobonisa lokho kugunyazwa phakathi nendawo ye-API donut. Umbhalo ophakathi nendawo uzofunda i-SAE 10W-30.

Uzothola uhlobo lomkhiqizo wezimoto eringini yangaphandle yeringi ye-API. Ngempela, lobu ubuhle besistimu ye-API. Ngethokheni eyodwa yokugunyaza, uzothola ulwazi olwengeziwe. Kulokhu, iringi yangaphandle yedonathi ye-API iphethe ulwazi mayelana nohlobo lwemoto kanye nonyaka wokwenziwa kwemoto.

I-ID yemoto ingu-S noma i-C. S okusho ukuthi umkhiqizo owemoto kaphethiloli. U-C usho ukuthi umkhiqizo ngowezimoto zikadizili. Kubonakala kwesokunxele kokokuhlonza izinhlamvu ezimbili. Ngakwesokudla uzothola imodeli yonyaka noma inkathi yemodeli. Incazelo yamanje yemodeli ithi N. Ngakho, umkhiqizo we-petroleum ozuza ukuvumelana kwe-API unenkomba SN yemoto yamanje kaphethiloli kanye ne-CN yemoto yamanje kadizili.

Qaphela ukuthi izinga elisha elijwayelekile libizwa nge-SN standard. Izinga elisha, elasungulwa ngo-2010, lisebenza ezimotweni ezakhiwe kusukela ngo-2010.

Ukubaluleka Kokuthobela I-API

Njengokuthobela i-SAE, ukuthobela i-API kunikeza abathengi izinga elengeziwe lokuqiniseka ukuthi umkhiqizo we-petroleum uhlangabezana nezinga elithile lokumiswa. Lokhu kumiswa kusho ukuthi uma umkhiqizo unelebuli engu-10W-30, uhlangabezana nezindinganiso ze-viscosity phezu kwezimo ezibanzi zokushisa. Ngempela, la mafutha azosebenza njengowoyela we-viscosity angama-30, anikeze lelo zinga lokuvikela kusuka cishe ku-35 kuya ku-212 degrees. Izinga le-API liyakutshela uma umkhiqizo ngowenjini kaphethiloli noma udizili. Ekugcineni, leli zinga likutshela ukuthi imikhiqizo kawoyela iyafana eNew York, Los Angeles, Miami, noma Charlotte.