Yini okudingeka uyazi mayelana nokukhula kwamandla enjini?

Ukwenyuka kwamandla enjini

Khulisa amandla. Noma yikuphi ukuguqulwa kwenjini ukuze ithuthukise ukusebenza kwayo kuwumsebenzi onzima. Ngokusekelwe embonweni ocacile walokho esifuna ukukuthola, ukuthi kwenziwa kanjani nokuthi kungenziwa nhlobo. Lapha awukwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kolwazi lwezinqubo zokusebenza zenjini. Kufanele futhi uqonde ukuthi konke kuxhumene injini. Ukushintsha iyunithi eyodwa kushintsha konke ukuhamba komsebenzi, kusukela ekungeneni komoya kuye ekusikeni kwepayipi lokukhipha umoya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukungenelela ngakunye kunomphumela ohlukile ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene. Okuhle kwenye imodi kungase kube kubi kwenye. Izici eziyinhloko zenjini, sivame ukubhekisela ku-torque namandla. Yibo abafuna ukwanda ngokushuna injini. Lokhu kungenziwa ngezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko. Indlela yokuqala ukukhulisa i-torque ye-crankshaft.

Khulisa amandla enjini ngetorque ye-crankshaft

Okwesibili, ngaphandle kokuthinta inani le-torque, lihambise endaweni yesivinini esikhulu. Izinhlobo zezinhlelo ze-nitric oxide. Khulisa i-torque. Ikhithi yokushuna injini. I-torque cishe izimele ngaphandle kwejubane le-crankshaft, kodwa inqunywa kuphela ubukhulu benjini kanye nokucindezela kusilinda. Ngomsindo omkhulu, konke kucacile. Uma umklamo wenjini uvumela, kuba ngcono. Ingcindezi inganyuswa ngokwandisa isilinganiso sokucindezela. Kuyiqiniso ukuthi kunezixwayiso ezimbalwa; amandla ale ndlela anqunyelwe ngokuqhunyiswa. Ungasondela ngakolunye uhlangothi. Uma sinyakaza ingxube kaphethiloli womoya enjinini, kuzophuma ukushisa okwengeziwe lapho ivutha kusilinda futhi kuyanda nomfutho kuyo. Lokhu kusebenza ezinjinini ezishibhile ngokwemvelo.

Ukwandisa amandla enjini ngeyunithi yokulawula

Inketho yesibili iyasebenza emndenini wenjini yebhethri. Ngokushintsha izici zeyunithi yokulawula, ungakwazi ukwandisa kancane inzuzo ukuze i-torque eyengeziwe isuswe ku-crankshaft. Futhi inketho yesithathu ukufeza ukugcwaliswa okungcono kwamasilinda ngokuthuthukisa amandla egesi. Okuvame kakhulu futhi okungathetheleleki. Umqondo wukuthi udinga ukwenza okuthile ngamapayipi omoya kanye negumbi elivuthayo. ivolumu yokusebenza. Enye yezinketho eziyinhloko umthamo omkhulu we-cylinder. Kunengqondo, kunjalo. Emotweni yomgwaqo, le ndlela ilungile kakhulu. Ngoba ngokwandisa ivolumu ngaphandle kokufaka i-camshaft. Okusho ukuthi, ngokushiya ijika le-torque ebangeni elifanayo lejubane njengangaphambili, umshayeli ngeke adinge ukuphula isitayela sokushayela.

Izindlela zokwandisa amandla

Umthamo wokusebenza ungandiswa ngezindlela ezimbili. Ngokufaka esikhundleni se-crankshaft ejwayelekile nge-eccentric crankshaft ephezulu noma ngokuhlakaza amasilinda amaphistoni amakhulu. Kunengqondo ukubuza ukuthi yini esebenza kahle futhi eshibhile. Ngemva kwakho konke, yini injini displacement? Lona umkhiqizo wendawo ye-piston kanye ne-stroke yayo. Ngokuphinda kabili ububanzi, siphinda kabili indawo. Futhi uma siphinda kabili ukunyakaza, siphinda kabili ivolumu. Manje embuzweni wezomnotho. Uma uthi nhlá, kubonakala sengathi ukufaka esikhundleni se-crank mechanism ishibhile kunokulayisha ibhulokhi enkulu. I-nuance ukuthi kusafanele ubheke i-crankshaft ene-eccentricity enkulu. Izinkampani ezingavamile zibenza ba-ode, imikhiqizo iyabiza futhi iyinkimbinkimbi.

Izakhi zokwandisa amandla

Kulokhu, kunengqondo ukuthembela ekumisweni komkhiqizi. Ngakho-ke, kunengqondo ukuthenga umkhiqizo we-serial, kithi, i-crankshaft, futhi usuvele ukhethe iqembu lama-piston. Yiqiniso, uzodinga amanye ama-pistons nezinduku zokuxhuma. Kunzima, kodwa ungakwamukela. Umbuzo uhlukile. Ngokwesakhiwo, lokhu kuhamba kubangela ukulahlekelwa okwengeziwe kwemishini ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwenjini, okuzobangelwa izinduku zokuxhuma ezimfushane. Lena i-axiom - ukuhlalisa i-crankshaft ene-eccentricity enkulu, kuzodingeka ubeke izinduku zokuxhuma ezimfushane, ngoba ngeke sikwazi ukwakha ibhulokhi. Iyini inkinga yabo? Lapho induku yokuxhuma iba mfishane, iba nkulu i-engeli lapho iphuka khona. Ukucindezela okukhulu okucindezela i-piston odongeni lwesilinda. Futhi lapho amandla okubamba emakhulu ku-coefficient efanayo yokungqubuzana, likhulu inani lokumelana.

Izici zokwandisa amandla

Futhi lesi sici akumele sicatshangelwe hhayi kuphela ngokulahlekelwa kwemishini, kodwa futhi nangokwethembeka. Ngoba izinduku zokuxhuma ezimfushane zingaphansi kokucindezeleka okukhulu. Njengomthetho, lezi zinto ezincane azinakwa lapho zisethwa. Inzuzo esobala mayelana nokunciphisa izindleko ukwanda kokufuduka ngokukhuphula ibhore. Njengomthetho, zonke izinjini zinodonga olwanele lwesilinda, umkhawulo wokuphepha. Uma, sithi, sandisa ububanzi ngamamilimitha amabili, singathola ivolumu eyengeziwe. Ngobukhulu bodonga obungu-7-8 mm, imilimitha eyodwa inganikelwa. Futhi ngokuvamile, ama-serial pistons angaphambuka. Kuyiqiniso ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukusho ngokungananazi ukuthi ukwanda kobubanzi bamasilinda akunakwenzeka, ngaphandle kokushintshwa kwe-crankshaft. Kunconywa ukuthi ucabangele ngayinye yalezi zindlela ezimbili ngokombono wokucaciswa kwenjini ngayinye. Ubuchwepheshe bokushaja okuphezulu.

Khulisa amandla nge-turbocharger

Injini yomndeni ene-turbocharged iyathandeka ukushunwa ngenxa yezimpawu zayo zedizayini ezenza kube lula ukushuna kwenjini. Esimweni sethu, ungathola i-torque eyengeziwe futhi ngaphandle kokuthinta ijika noma ivolumu, ngaphandle kokuhlakaza injini. Vele uguqule inani lenzuzo kancane. Iyini isici sokuklama samamotho aphinde ashajwe? Okokuqala, ezicini zokulawula ze-compressor, kungaba yi-turbine noma i-compressor yemishini. I-boost pressure yakho kokubili eyokuqala neyesibili incike ejubaneni lenjini. Uma izinguquko ziyanda, ingcindezi iyanda. Kodwa inganyuswa kuphela ibe yinani elithile. Iyunithi yokulawula ilawula lokhu, isusa ukucindezela okukhulu. Izici zayo ziyashintsha. Futhi ifinyelela ivolumu enkulu ngempela kunasesimeni samapharamitha athambile enjini ye-serial. Umsebenzi wokukhulisa ingcindezi awubuhlungu. Izinjini ze-serial zine-margin ethile yokumelana nokuqhunyiswa ngaphansi kwemithwalo yemishini kanye ne-thermal.

Ukwandisa amandla enjini ngegumbi lomlilo

Ukwanda kokudonsa kungenzeka ngaphakathi kwemingcele enengqondo. Kodwa uma uthatha igxathu eliya phambili ukuze ungaphuli injini, kuzodingeka wenze izinguquko ezengeziwe. Ukuze ukwandise umthamo wegumbi lomlilo, shintsha uhlelo lokupholisa, faka i-radiator eyengeziwe, ukungena komoya, i-intercooler. Kungase kudingeke ukuthi esikhundleni se-cast iron crankshaft ufake eyensimbi, uthole ama-piston aqinile futhi uwagcine epholile. Izinguquko ku-gas dynamics. Okubalulekile kucacile - ukuze uthole i-torque eyengeziwe, udinga ukwandisa ukushaja kwengxube ye-air-fuel. Yini engenziwa? Ungathatha ithuluzi futhi ulungise iziphambeko zokufakwa kwe-serial. Yenza izimbobo zokungena ne-exhaust zibe bushelelezi futhi zibe bushelelezi, susa amabhodi e-skirting namakhona acijile ezingxenyeni, susa izindawo zokuvikela umoya egumbini elivuthayo bese ushintsha ama-valve nezihlalo.

Isiqinisekiso sokukhushulwa kwamandla

Umsebenzi omningi, kodwa asikho isiqinisekiso. Kungani? I-Aerodynamics akuyona into elula. Kunzima ukuchaza ngokwezibalo izinqubo ezenzeka enjinini. Ngezinye izikhathi umphumela uba ngokuphambene ncamashi nalokho okulindelekile. Ngenxa yobulungisa, kufanele kushiwo ukuthi kunezindawo zokugcina ku-aerodynamics. Kodwa kuqinisekiswa ukuthi zingasuswa kuphela ngokwenza uchungechunge lwezilingo, ukushaya amamodeli epulasitiki eziteshi zokufaka ngokufaka okukhethekile. Ukukhethwa komumo nesigaba ngokuhambisana nezidingo zezimo ezintsha zokusebenza zenjini. Lokhu cishe akunakwenzeka. Ama-camshaft ezemidlalo. Ayini amandla? Iwumkhiqizo wetorque nesivinini senjini. Ngakho-ke, ngokushintsha ijika letorque elijwayelekile liye endaweni yesivinini esikhulu, sithola ukukhuphuka kwamandla esikufunayo.

Imibuzo nezimpendulo:

Angakhuliswa kanjani amandla enjini efisa ngokwemvelo? Faka esikhundleni i-crankshaft, uthwale amasilinda, faka izinduku zokuxhuma ezingasindi namapiston, faka i-camshaft ehlukile, lungisa uhlelo lokuthatha (i-supercharger).

Yini edingekayo ukuze kwandiswe amandla enjini? Khulisa ivolumu kaphethiloli ongenayo, thuthukisa i-atomization kaphethiloli (ithuthukisa ikhwalithi ye-HTS), susa ukulahlekelwa okungenayo (shintshanisa izingxenye ezinzima ngezingasindi).

Yini eyandisa amandla emoto? Ukunciphisa ukulahleka kwemishini (ukufakwa kwezingxenye ezingasindi), ukunciphisa ukumelana nokungena, ukukhulisa isilinganiso sokuminyanisa, ukukhulisa, ukukhulisa ivolumu yenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi, ukupholisa komoya, ukulungiswa kwe-chip.