Odinga ukukwazi ngohlelo lwakho lukagesi lwemoto yakho?

Uhlelo lukagesi. Isimiso somsebenzi

Indlela uhlelo lukagesi lwemoto olusebenza ngayo. Isistimu kagesi yemoto inesekhethi esebenza ngebhethri evaliwe. Isebenza engxenyeni encane yamandla wesekethe yasendlini. Ngaphezu kwamasekethe amakhulu okushaja, ukuqalisa nokuthungela, kukhona amanye amasekhethi anika amandla izibani zangaphambili, ama-motor kagesi, izinzwa nobukhulu bezinto zikagesi, izakhi zokushisa, izingidi kazibuthe, imisakazo, njll. Wonke amasekhethi avulwa futhi avaliwe noma ngokushintsha. noma ama-relay - amaswishi akude alawulwa ngozibuthe kagesi. Okwamanje kugeleza ngekhebuli ukusuka kubhethri kuya engxenyeni yamandla futhi kubuyele kubhethri ngomzimba wensimbi wemoto. Indlu ixhunywe kutheminali ephansi yebhethri ngekhebula eliwugqinsi. Kuhlelo olunegethivu (-) lokumisa phansi, lwamanje lugeleza lusuka kutheminali ephozithivu (+) luye engxenyeni esetshenziswayo. Ingxenye isekelwe endaweni yemoto, esekelwe kutheminali yebhethri enegethivu (-).

Idivayisi yohlelo lwemoto kagesi

Lolu hlobo lwesekethe lubizwa nge-grounding system, futhi ingxenye ngayinye exhunywe emzimbeni wemoto ibizwa ngomhlabathi. Okwamanje kukalwa ngama-amperes (amperes); Ingcindezi ejikeleza isekethe ibizwa ngama-voltage (volts). Izimoto zesimanje zinebhethri eyi-12-volt. Umthamo wayo ulinganiswa ngama-amperes / ngehora. Ibhethri elingu-56Ah kufanele linikeze i-1A amahora angama-56 noma i-2A ngamahora angama-28. Uma i-voltage yebhethri yehla, ukugeleza okuncane kwamanje futhi ekugcineni azikho izinto ezanele ezisebenzayo. Okwamanje, amandla kagesi kanye nokumelana. Izinga lokumelana nocingo kuze kube manje libizwa ngokuthi ukumelana futhi kukalwa ngama-ohms. Izintambo ezincanyana kulula ukuzibamba kuneziminyene ngoba ama-electron anendawo encane yokudlula.
Amandla amaningi adingekayo ukukhiqiza amandla wamanje ngokumelana nawo aguqulwa abe ukushisa.

Imiqondo eyisisekelo yokusebenza kwesistimu kagesi

Lokhu kungasiza, isibonelo, kubhalbhu elincane elincane elikhanya ngokukhanya okumhlophe okushisayo. Kodwa-ke, isakhi esinokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphezulu akufanele sixhunywe nezintambo ezincanyana kakhulu, ngaphandle kwalokho izintambo zizoshisa kakhulu, zishe noma zishe. Onke amayunithi kagesi axhumene: i-voltage ye-1 volt ibangela ukuthi i-current ye-1 amp idlule ekumelaneni kwe-1 ohm. I-Volt ihlukaniswe ngama-ohms alingana nama-amperes. Isibonelo, isibani esingu-3 ohm kuhlelo lwe-volt eyi-12 sisebenzisa u-4 A. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kufanele ixhunywe nezintambo ezanele ukuze zithwale kahle i-4 A. Imvamisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwento kukhonjiswa kuma-watts, okunqunywa ngokwandisa ama-amplifiers kanye volt. Isibani esibonelweni sisebenzisa ama-watts angama-48.

Polarity yesistimu kagesi

Ubumbano obuhle nobubi
Ugesi ugeleza kuphela kusuka ebhetri eyodwa uye ohlangothini olulodwa, futhi ezinye izingxenye zisebenza kuphela uma ukugeleza kwazo kuqondiswe endaweni efanele. Lokhu kwamukelwa kokugeleza ngendlela eyodwa kubizwa ngokuthi yi-polarity. Ezimotweni eziningi, ukuphela kwebhetri () kwebhetri kuncike futhi amandla kagesi (+) axhunywe ohlelweni lukagesi. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-negative grounding system futhi, ngokwesibonelo, uma uthenga okokusebenza kagesi, qiniseka ukuthi kufanelana nohlelo lwemoto yakho. Ukufaka umsakazo nge-polarity engalungile kuzolimaza ikhithi, kepha imisakazo eminingi yezimoto ineswishi yangaphandle ye-polarity ukufanisa imoto. Shintshela kusethingi efanele ngaphambi kokufaka.

Isifunda esifushane namafyuzi

Uma kusetshenziswa intambo yesayizi engalungile, noma uma ucingo luqhekeka noma luqhekeka, kungadala ukuthi isifunda esifushane esenzeke ngengozi sidlule ekumeleni kwengxenye. Okwamanje ocingweni kungaphakama okuyingozi futhi kuncibilike ucingo noma kubangele umlilo. Ibhokisi le-fuse livame ukutholakala eqenjini lezinto njengoba kukhonjisiwe lapha. Ibhokisi likhonjiswa ngesivalo esivaliwe. Ukuvimbela lokhu, amasekethe asizayo ahlanganisiwe. Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwe-fuse ubude obufushane bezintambo ezincanyana ezivalelwe ezindlini ezingamelana nokushisa, imvamisa ngengilazi. Usayizi womqhubi ovikelayo yi-thinnest ekwazi ukumelana nesikhathi samanje sesekethe ngaphandle kokushisa kakhulu futhi ikalwe ngama-amperes. Ukuqhuma okungazelelwe kwamandla wamanje wesikhashana kubangela ukuthi i-fuse wire incibilike noma “iqhume,” okuholele ekujikelezeni okuvulekile.

Ukuhlolwa kwesistimu kagesi

Uma lokhu kwenzeka, hlola isekethe elifushane noma elivulekile, bese ufaka i-fuse entsha nge-amperage efanele (bheka Ukuhlola nokufaka ama-Fuse). Kunamafusi amaningi, ngalinye livikela iqembu elincane lezinto ukuze i-fuse eyodwa ingavali lonke uhlelo. Amafayili amaningi aqoqwe ebhokisini le-fuse, kepha kungahle kube khona amafyuzi omugqa ku-wiring. Amasekethe serial kanye parallel. Isifunda ngokuvamile sifaka ngaphezu kwengxenye eyodwa, njengama-light light kumasekhethi wokukhanyisa. Kubalulekile ukuthi zixhunywe ngochungechunge noma ngokufana komunye nomunye. Isibonelo, isibani se-headlamp sinokumelana okuthile ukuze kudonsele umsinga othile ukuze ukhanye kahle. Kepha kukhona amalambu okungenani amabili kuketanga. Uma bexhunywe ngochungechunge, amandla kagesi kuzodingeka adlule kulambu olulodwa ukuze afinyelele kolunye.

Ukumelana ohlelweni lukagesi

Okwamanje kuzohlangana nokuphikiswa kabili, futhi ukumelana okuphindwe kabili kuzonciphisa okukhona manje, ngakho ama-bulb azokhanya kancane. Ukuxhuma okufanayo kwamalambu kusho ukuthi ugesi udlula ngebhalbhu yelambu ngalinye kanye kuphela. Ezinye izingxenye zidinga ukuxhumeka ochungechungeni. Isibonelo, umthumeli ethangini likaphethiloli ushintsha ukumelana kwakhe nenani likaphethiloli osethangini bese “ethumela” amandla kagesi amancane kuye ngosayizi kaphethiloli. Izingxenye ezimbili zixhunywe ochungechungeni, ngakho-ke ushintsho ekumelaneni nenzwa luzothinta isikhundla senaliti yenzwa. Amasekethe asizayo. Isiqalo sinekhebuli yaso esindayo, ngqo kusuka ebhethri. Isifunda sokuthungela siveza ukushisa okukhulu kwamandla okushisa; futhi uhlelo lokushaja lufaka i-generator eshaja ibhethri. Zonke ezinye izifunda zibizwa ngokuthi amasekethe asizayo.

Ukuxhumeka kagesi

Iningi lazo lixhunywe ngenkinobho yokuthungela, ngakho-ke zisebenza kuphela lapho ukuthungela kuvuliwe. Lokhu kukuvimbela ekushiyeni ngephutha noma yini engakhipha ibhethri lakho. Kodwa-ke, amalambu ohlangothini nengemuva, okungenzeka ukuthi ashiywe evulekile lapho kupakwe imoto, ahlala exhunywe kungakhathalekile ukuthi kunayiphi i-ignition switch. Lapho ufaka izesekeli zokuzikhethela ezifana ne-defroster enamandla yangemuva yewindi, hlala uyisebenzisa ngokusebenzisa inkinobho yokushisa. Ezinye izingxenye ezisizayo zingasebenza ngaphandle kokushisa ngokushintshela kusimo se- "asizayo". Le switch ivame ukuxhuma umsakazo ukuze ukwazi ukudlalwa uma injini icishiwe. Izintambo namasekethe aphrintiwe. Ukuxhunyaniswa kwamathuluzi kule PCB kususwa ngokucindezela izingibe ezakhelwe ekugcineni ngakunye.

Amaqiniso angeziwe ngohlelo lukagesi

Izilinganiso zocingo nezintambo zihlukaniswa ngokuya ngobukhulu besimanje ezingabuthwala ngokuphepha. Inethiwekhi eyinkimbinkimbi yezintambo igijima emshinini. Ukugwema ukudideka, ucingo ngalunye lubhalwe ngemibala (kodwa kuphela emotweni: alukho uhlelo lukazwelonke lokufaka amakhodi embala kuzwelonke noma emhlabeni jikelele). Iningi lezincwajana zezimoto namabhukwana ezinsizakalo aqukethe imidwebo yezintambo okungaba nzima ukuyiqonda. Kodwa-ke, ukufaka amakhodi ngombala kuyisiqondisi esiwusizo sokulandela ukuthengiselana. Lapho izintambo zigijima eduze komunye nomunye, zihlanganiswa ndawonye epulasitiki noma emgodleni wendwangu ukwenza kube lula ukubeka. Le nqwaba yezintambo inweba bonke ubude bemoto, futhi lapho kudingeka, kuvela izintambo ezilodwa noma amaqembu amancane wezintambo, okuthiwa yi-cable loom.

Imibuzo nezimpendulo:

Uyini umsebenzi wamafuse kumasekhethi kagesi wemoto? Emotweni, amafuse anomsebenzi owodwa kuphela. Zivimbela ukwakheka kokugcwala ngokweqile kumjikelezo kagesi wenethiwekhi yemoto esebhodini.

Ahluke kanjani amafuse? I-fuse ngayinye yakhelwe umthwalo othile. Ukuze umnikazi wemoto akwazi ukunquma ukuthi iyiphi i-fuse edingekayo ku-node ethile, i-amperage ephezulu iboniswa kuyo yonke imikhiqizo.

Indlela yokuhlola ama-fuses emotweni ukuthi ayasebenza noma cha? Kwanele ukukhipha i-fuse kusokhethi, futhi ubone ukuthi ucingo olukuyo lushile yini. Emafuse amadala, lokhu kungenziwa ngaphandle kokuyikhipha kusokhethi.

Ayini amafuse? Ukushisa ngokweqile kwentambo ye-fuse ngenxa yomthwalo oweqile kubangela ukuthi lolu chungechunge luncibilike. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze i-fuse inqamule ngokushesha umjikelezo ogcwele kakhulu.