Yini entsha ezindaweni zemikhumbi zaseRussia nasezizindeni ze-WMF?
Yini entsha ezindaweni zemikhumbi zaseRussia nasezisekelweni ze-WMF. Ukwakhiwa kwemikhumbi-ngwenya yamasu yohlobo lwe-Borya kuyaqhubeka. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, ngo-September 30 ngonyaka odlule, u-Alexander Nevsky, owesibili kulolu chungechunge, waya eVilyuchinsk eKamchatka. Ngesikhathi eshintsha esuka endaweni yemikhumbi eya eNyakatho Ekude, wahamba amakhilomitha angu-4500 olwandle emanzini ase-Arctic.
Ishumi leminyaka lamanje ngokungangabazeki liyinkathi lapho uMbutho Wezempi Wezempi WaseRussia ngokusobala ubuyisela isikhundla sawo njengomunye wemikhumbi enamandla kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Ukubonakaliswa kwalokhu, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ukwakhiwa nokuthunywa kwemikhumbi emisha, kokubili ukulwa nokusiza, okuhlobene ngokuqondile nokwenyuka okuhlelekile kokusetshenziswa kwezimali kwe-Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, kuhlanganise nebutho labo lasolwandle. Ngenxa yalokho, kule minyaka emihlanu edlule kube khona "ukuqhunyiswa kwebhomu" ngolwazi mayelana nokuqala komsebenzi wokwakha, ukwethulwa noma ukuthunyelwa kwemikhumbi emisha. Isihloko sethula izehlakalo ezibaluleke kakhulu zonyaka odlule ezihlobene nale nqubo.
Ukubekwa kwe-Keel
Amayunithi amakhulu kakhulu anamandla amakhulu okuhlasela, ama-keels awo abekwe ngo-2015, kwakuyimikhumbi-ngwenya yenuzi emibili. NgoMashi 19 ngonyaka odlule, ukwakhiwa komkhumbi-ngwenya we-Arkhangelsk onezinjongo eziningi kwaqala endaweni yemikhumbi ye-OJSC PO Sevmash eSeverodvinsk. Lona umkhumbi wesine owakhiwe ngokwephrojekthi yesimanje i-885M Yasen-M. Ngokusho kwephrojekthi eyisisekelo engu-885 "Ash", kuphela i-prototype ye-K-560 "Severodvinsk" eyakhiwe, eye yasebenza ne-Navy kusukela ngoJuni 17, 2014.
Ngo-December 18, 2015, endaweni efanayo yomkhumbi, i-keel yomkhumbi ehlome ngemicibisholo ye-ballistic "Emperor Alexander III" yabekwa. Kuyiyunithi yesine yeProjekthi 955A eguquliwe "Borey-A". Ingqikithi yemikhumbi emihlanu yalolu hlobo ihlelelwe ukwakhiwa, futhi inkontileka ehambisanayo yasayinwa ngoMeyi 28, 2012. Ngokuphambene nezimemezelo zangaphambili, ekupheleni kuka-2015, hhayi ezimbili, kodwa i-Borieuv-A eyodwa yabekwa phansi. Ngokwezinhlelo zamanje, ngo-2020 imikhumbi yaseRussia izoba nemikhumbi-ngwenya eyisishiyagalombili yesizukulwane esisha - iProject 955 emithathu kanye neProject 955A emihlanu.
Esigabeni semikhumbi ephelezelwayo, kufanelekile ukuqaphela ukuqala kokwakhiwa kwama-missile corvettes amathathu e-Project 20380. Amabili awo akhiwa endaweni yemikhumbi yaseSevernaya Verf eSt. Lezi yizi: "Retivy" kanye "Strict", i-keel yayo eyabekwa ngoFebhuwari 20 futhi okufanele iqale ukusebenza ngo-2018. NgoJulayi 22 endaweni yemikhumbi ye-Amur Shipyard e-Komsomolsk eMpumalanga Ekude e-Amur. Into ebaluleke kakhulu kulezi zenzakalo yiqiniso lokubuyela ekwakhiweni kwama-corvettes ayisisekelo e-Project 20380, lapho ezine - nazo ezakhiwe ngu-Severnaya - zisetshenziselwa i-Baltic Fleet, kanti ezimbili ezivela e-Komsomolsk zenzelwe i-Pacific Fleet. , kusakhiwa, ukuze kuthathelwe indawo ama-corvettes esimanje kanye ne-Project 20385, anamandla kakhulu ngezikhali. Mabili kuphela amayunithi anjalo akhiwa endaweni yemikhumbi okukhulunywe ngayo e-St. esikhundleni ngokuphelele ababengaphambi kwabo.
Kunezizathu eziningana zalokhu. Okokuqala, ama-corvettes ephrojekthi ka-20385 ayinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, okusho ukuthi abiza kakhulu kunalawo okuqala. Kwaba khona ngisho nolwazi mayelana nokulahlwa ngokuphelele kokwakhiwa kwama-corvettes alolu hlobo ukuze kuvune amasha, iphrojekthi 20386. Lokhu kwaphinde kwabekwa unswinyo lwamazwe ngamazwe olwalungabavumeli ukuba bahlonyiswe nge-German MTU (Rolls-Royce Power Systems AG ) isikhathi izinjini diesel, esikhundleni lapho izinjini zasekhaya inkampani izofakwa JSC "Kolomensky Zavod" kusukela Kolomna. Konke lokhu kwakusho ukuthi i-prototype yalolu hlobo lwemishini - "Ukuduma", i-keel eyabekwa ngo-February 1, 2012 futhi okwakufanele ingene enkonzweni ngonyaka odlule, ayizange iqalise. Lokhu okwamanje kuhlelwe ukuthi kwenzeke ngo-2017. Ngakho-ke, ukuqala kokwakhiwa kwamayunithi amathathu wephrojekthi 20380 kungaba "indlela yokuphuma ephuthumayo", okuvumela ngokushesha ukuthumela ama-corvettes omklamo ofakazelwe.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ngo-2015 ukwakhiwa kwe-frigate eyodwa yamaphrojekthi we-22350 no-11356R ayizange iqale. Ngokungangabazeki lokhu kuhlobene nezinkinga lezi zinhlelo ezihlangabezane nazo ngenxa yokuthathwa kweCrimea kweRussia, njengoba izindawo zokuzivocavoca ezazihloselwe zona zakhiwe ngokuphelele e-Ukraine noma zazihlanganisa kakhulu izingxenye ezakhiwe lapho. Ukuqonda ukwakhiwa kwezitshalo ezinjalo zamandla eRussia kuthatha isikhathi, ngakho-ke, okungenani ngokusemthethweni, ukwakhiwa kwephrojekthi yesihlanu 22350 - "Admiral Yumashev" kanye nephrojekthi yesithupha 11356 - "Admiral Kornilov" - ayizange iqalwe. Ngokuqondene namayunithi ohlobo lwakamuva, izinhlelo zokuhambisa imikhumbi emithathu yokuqala zalethwa ngaphambi kokufakwa kweCrimea. Kodwa-ke, uma kuziwa emikhunjini yochungechunge lwesibili, inkontileka ngo-September 13, 2011 - u-Admiral Butakov, i-keel yakhe yabekwa ngoJulayi 12, 2013, kanye ne-Admiral Istomin, eyakhiwe kusukela ngoNovemba 15, 2013 - isimo siyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Ukuthi ngemva kokuhlala eCrimea, uhlangothi lwase-Ukraine aluhlosile ukunikeza izindawo zokuzivocavoca ezihloselwe zona. Lokhu kwaholela ekumisweni kwawo wonke umsebenzi kulawa mafrigate entwasahlobo ka-2015, okwathi nokho, kwaqalwa kabusha kamuva. Umkhiqizi wezinjini zegesi kulawa mayunithi ekugcineni kuzoba yi-Rybinsk NPO Saturn kanye namabhokisi egiya i-PJSC Zvezda avela e-St. Kodwa-ke, ukulethwa kwabo akulindelekile ngaphambi kokuphela kuka-2017, futhi ngaleso sikhathi ama-hulls amafrigate amabili athuthuke kakhulu ochungechungeni lwesibili azolethwa esimweni sokuqalisa esikhathini esizayo esiseduze ukuze enze indawo yeminye imiyalo. Lokhu kwaqinisekiswa ngokushesha ukwethulwa "kuthule" "Admiral Butakov" ngoMashi 2 kulo nyaka ngaphandle kokufakwa kwezilingisi.
