yini? Idivayisi nezici. Ividiyo.
Uma sibheka izici lobuchwepheshe Volkswagen, Audi, Skoda izimoto, sizobona izinjini kulayini amayunithi amandla, esifushanisiwe njengoba FSI, TSI, TFSI. Sesivele sikhulume nge-FSI ku-Vodi.su autoportal yethu, kulesi sihloko ngithanda ukuhlala kumayunithi wamandla we-TFSI ngokuningiliziwe.
I-TFSI imele isifinyezo
Njengoba ungase uqagele, uhlamvu T lubonisa ukuba khona kwe-turbine. Ngakho-ke, umehluko omkhulu ovela ku-FSI yi-turbocharger, ngenxa yokuthi amagesi okukhipha umoya aphinde ashiswe, ngakho-ke i-TFSI ihlukaniswa ngokusebenza kahle kwayo kanye nobungane bemvelo - inani elincane le-CO2 lingena emoyeni.
Isifinyezo esithi TFSI simelela Umjovo we-Turbo fuel stratified, okungahunyushwa ngokuthi: injini ene-turbocharged enomjovo kaphethiloli one-stratified. Okusho ukuthi, iguquguqukayo, ngesikhathi sayo, uhlelo lokujova uphethiloli oqondile ekamelweni elivuthayo le-piston ngayinye, elifakwe i-turbine.
Ngenxa yale ndlela, imiphumela emihle kakhulu ifinyelelwa:
- amandla enjini aphezulu;
- i-torque enkulu;
- ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli okuphansi uma kuqhathaniswa, nakuba izinjini ezinama-turbocharged ngokwesiko aziwongi.
Ikakhulukazi lolu hlobo lwemoto lufakwa ezimotweni zakwa-Audi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iVolkswagen ikhetha ukusebenzisa uhlelo olufanayo ezimotweni zayo - TSI (injini ye-turbo enomjovo oqondile). I-FSI, yona, ayinawo umshini womoya.
Ngokokuqala ngqa i-TFSI yafakwa kumodeli ye-Audi A4. Iyunithi yamandla ibinomthamo wamalitha angu-2, kuyilapho ikhipha amahhashi angu-200, futhi umzamo wokudonsa wawungu-280 Nm. Ukuze kuzuzwe imiphumela efanayo injini imiklamo yangaphambili, kwakuzodingeka umthamo oda 3-3,5 amalitha futhi ifakwe 6 pistons.
Ngo-2011, onjiniyela be-Audi bathuthukisa kakhulu i-TFSI. Namuhla, le yunithi yesizukulwane sesibili yamalitha amabili yamandla ibonisa izici ezilandelayo:
- 211 HP ku-4300-6000 rpm;
- torque 350 Nm at 1500-3200 rpm.
Okungukuthi, ngisho nomuntu ongeyena ochwepheshe angabona ukuthi izinjini zalolu hlobo zihlukaniswa ngamandla amahle kokubili ngesivinini esiphansi nesiphezulu. Sekwanele ukuqhathanisa: ngo-2011, Audi wayeka 3.2-litre FSI nge 6 pistons, ekhiqize 255 hp. ku-6500 rpm, kanye ne-torque engu-330 Newton metres ifinyelelwe ku-3-5 ayizinkulungwane rpm.
Nazi, isibonelo, izici Audi A4 TFSI 1.8 litre, ekhiqizwa ngo-2007:
- amandla 160 hp ngo-4500 rpm;
- i-torque ephezulu ye-250 Nm ifinyelelwa ku-1500 rpm;
- ukusheshisa kumakhulu kuthatha imizuzwana engu-8,4;
- ukusetshenziswa emjikelezweni wasemadolobheni (ukudluliselwa ngesandla) - 9.9 amalitha we-A-95;
- ukusetshenziswa emgwaqeni onguthelawayeka - 5.5 amalitha.
Uma sithatha inguqulo edonsa ngawo wonke amasondo e-Audi A4 Allroad 2.0 TFSI Quattro, khona-ke i-TFSI enamalitha amabili e-turbocharged iyakwazi ukuthuthukisa u-252 hp. Ukusheshisa kumakhulu kuyithatha imizuzwana engu-6.1, kanti idla amalitha angu-8,6 edolobheni ene-auto transmission kanye namalitha angu-6,1 ngaphandle kwedolobha. Imoto igcwele uphethiloli we-A-95.
Manje yizwa umehluko. IVolkswagen Passat 2.0 FSI:
- amandla 150 hp ngo-6000 rpm;
- torque - 200 Nm at 3000 rpm;
- ukusheshisa kumakhulu - imizuzwana engu-9,4;
- emjikelezweni wasemadolobheni, imoto enomakhenikha idla amalitha angu-11,4 ka-A-95;
- umjikelezo we-extra-urban - 6,4 amalitha.
Okungukuthi, uma kuqhathaniswa ne-FSI, injini ye-TFSI isiyisinyathelo esidlule ngenxa yokufakwa kwe-turbocharger. Nokho, izinguquko nazo zathinta ingxenye eyakhayo.
Izici zokuklama zezinjini ze-TFSI
I-turbocharger ifakwe ku-multifold exhaust, eyenza imodyuli evamile, futhi amagesi ashisiwe aphinde anikezwe ku-manifold yokuthatha. Uhlelo lokuhlinzeka ngophethiloli lushintshiwe ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwepompo ye-booster kumjikelezo wesibili, okwazi ukudonsa ukucindezela okwengeziwe.
Iphampu ye-fuel priming ilawulwa yiyunithi yokulawula ye-elekthronikhi, ngakho-ke ivolumu yengxube ye-fuel-air ejovwe kumaphiston incike ekulayisheni kwamanje enjinini. Uma kunesidingo, ingcindezi iyanda, isibonelo, uma imoto ihamba ngamagiya aphansi ekwehleni. Ngakho, kwakungenzeka ukuzuza ukonga okukhulu ekusetshenzisweni kukaphethiloli.
Omunye umehluko obalulekile ovela ku-FSI ungaphansi kwamapiston. Amakamelo omlilo kuwo mancane, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo athatha indawo enkulu. Leli fomu likuvumela ukuthi usebenze ngokuphumelelayo ngezinga elincishisiwe lokucindezelwa.
Ngokuvamile, amayunithi amandla TFSI ukusebenza ngendlela efanayo nazo zonke ezinye izinjini ukukhathazeka Volkswagen:
- izifunda ezimbili zesistimu kaphethiloli - ukucindezela okuphansi nokuphezulu;
- isifunda sokucindezela okuphansi sihlanganisa: ithangi, ipompo likaphethiloli, izihlungi eziqinile nezinhle zikaphethiloli, inzwa kaphethiloli;
- uhlelo lomjovo oqondile, okungukuthi i-injector, luyingxenye ebalulekile yomjikelezo wengcindezi ephezulu.
Izindlela zokusebenza zazo zonke izingxenye zilawulwa yiyunithi yokulawula. Isebenza ngokuvumelana ne-algorithms eyinkimbinkimbi ehlaziya imingcele ehlukahlukene yezinhlelo zemoto, ngesisekelo lapho imiyalo ithunyelwa kuma-actuator futhi inani elilinganiselwe likaphethiloli lingena ohlelweni.
Kodwa-ke, izinjini ze-turbine zidinga indlela ekhethekile, zinenani lobubi uma ziqhathaniswa nomkhathi ojwayelekile:
- uphethiloli wezinga eliphezulu uyadingeka;
- ukulungiswa kwe-turbine kuyinjabulo ebizayo;
- ukwanda kwezidingo zamafutha enjini.
Kodwa izinzuzo zisebusweni futhi zingaphezu kokumboza zonke lezi zinkinga ezincane.
Iyalayisha...
