iyini futhi kungani idingeka? Izimpawu zokuqhekeka, isithombe
Okuqukethwe
Izimoto zingenye yemithombo eyinhloko yokungcoliswa komoya. Ngesikhathi sokushiswa kukaphethiloli, cishe lonke ithebula le-periodic lezinto likhishwa emkhathini, kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlanganisela: i-nitrogen, umhwamuko wamanzi, i-oxygen, i-carbon dioxide nama-oxides, i-soot, i-benzapyrene. Izakhamuzi zasemadolobheni amakhulu zikwazile ukuthola zonke "izintelezi" zemiphumela elimazayo emvelweni: ikhanda, i-bronchitis, umdlavuza wokuphefumula, ukuphefumula nokuhluleka kwenhliziyo. Izitshalo, izilwane, inhlabathi, amanzi angaphansi komhlaba kuyahlupheka.
Kukhona isisombululo senkinga: ukunciphisa ukukhishwa okuyingozi ngangokunokwenzeka. Kuze kube manje, abakhiqizi bezimoto kwakudingeka bathuthukise ukusebenza kahle kwengxube kaphethiloli-yomoya, futhi bafake iziguquli ze-catalytic kanye nama-catalyst ohlelweni lwe-exhaust. Iyini i-catalyst, ukuthi isebenza kanjani, indlela yokuyishintsha - sizocabangela lezi zindaba ezindabeni zanamuhla ku-portal ye-vodi.su.
i-catalytic converter emotweni
Ngamagama alula, i-catalyst iyithuluzi lokuhlunga amagesi aphumayo. Kodwa, ngokungafani nesihlungi esivamile, i-neutralizer ihlanza ukuphuma ngokuphendula kwamakhemikhali lapho into esebenzayo ingena khona. Qaphela ukuthi ngisho nesiguquli asikwazi ukubhekana nokuhlanza okungu-XNUMX%, kuklanyelwe kuphela ukunciphisa okuqukethwe kwezingxenye ezilandelayo zegesi yokukhipha:
- ama-hydrocarbons;
- i-nitric oxide;
- ama-oxide e-carbon.
Yilawa magesi aphakathi kwamagesi abamba ukushisa futhi aholela emiphumeleni emibi kakhulu. Isibonelo, intuthu eduze kwemigwaqo emikhulu yenzeka ngenxa yokugcwala okuningi kwama-hydrocarbons (isoot) emoyeni. I-carbon monoxide ne-nitrogen monoxide amagesi anobuthi anikeza i-exhaus iphunga eliyingqayizivele. Ukuhogela kwabo ngisho isikhathi esifushane kuholela ekufeni.
Ngayinye yalezi zingxenye ezintathu zokukhipha umoya ithintwa uhlobo oluhlukile lwesiguquli:
- iplatinum;
- i-rhodium;
- i-palladium.
Futhi, ezinhlotsheni ezithuthuke kakhulu zama-catalytic converters, igolide lifafazwa phezu kwamakhekheba oju lapho i-exhaust idlula khona. Njengoba ubona, zonke lezi izinsimbi eziyigugu ezibizayo. Ngalesi sizathu, ukufaka esikhundleni isiguquli akuyona intokozo eshibhile.
Isimiso sokusebenza sisekelwe ekuphenduleni kwamakhemikhali: lapho ama-molecule, isibonelo, i-nitric oxide isabela nge-rhodium, ama-athomu e-nitrogen abopha futhi ahlale emapuletini, futhi kukhishwa umoya-mpilo. Ukusabela kwe-oxidation nakho kuyenziwa - ngenxa yokwanda okubukhali kwezinga lokushisa, ukuphuma kwe-oxidized, futhi izakhi eziyingozi ezikuyo zivele zishise futhi zihlale phezu kwezinyosi.
Qaphela ukuthi ekusebenzeni okujwayelekile kwesiguquli se-catalytic, kuyadingeka ukuthi ingxenye engashintshi ye-oxygen ekumisweni kukaphethiloli igcinwe engxubeni ye-fuel-air. Izinzwa ze-oxygen zifakwe endaweni yokungena nokuphuma kwesiguquli, esihlaziya ukwakheka kwamagesi okukhipha umoya. Uma kutholwa i-carbon noma i-nitrogen eyeqile, isignali ehambisanayo ithunyelwa kukhompuyutha esebhodini.
Ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-Catalyst: kusongela kanjani injini?
Kusobala ukuthi, njengakunoma iyiphi into yokuhlunga, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, imikhiqizo evuthayo eningi inqwabelana kusiguquli futhi idinga ukushintshwa. Futhi, lo mhlangano wesistimu yokukhipha umoya ungahluleka ngenxa yezinye izizathu:
- uphethiloli wekhwalithi ephansi enokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwesulfure, ipharafini, izithasiselo;
- ukungasebenzi kahle kwenjini, ngenxa yokuthi uphethiloli awushisi ngokuphelele;
- ukulimala komshini.
Uma isiguquli se-catalytic sisebenza ngokujwayelekile, amadiphozi ensisi azosha ngezikhathi ezithile. Kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngenxa yamazinga okushisa aphezulu, ama-honeycombs ensimbi noma e-ceramic ayancibilika, avimbele ukuphuma kwemikhiqizo evuthayo. Injini, njengoba abashayeli bezimoto besho, iqala ukuminyanisa.
Kwenzekani uma isiguquli sivalekile ngokuphelele:
- ukudonsa nokuphendula kwe-throttle kuyalahleka;
- kunezinkinga ngokuqala iyunithi yamandla, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sasebusika "emakhazeni";
- ukwehla ngesivinini - ngisho noma i-throttle ivulekile kuze kube phezulu, i-tachometer ibonisa kuphela ama-revolutions ayizinkulungwane ezingu-2,5-3,5 ngomzuzu.
Uma singaqali ukuqeda le nkinga ngesikhathi esifanele, silindelwe izinkinga ezinkulu nakakhulu: i-soot iqala ukufakwa ngqo kwipayipi yokukhipha i-muffler kanye ne-multifold exhaust, kufanele silayishe injini ngamandla aphelele, okuholela ekugqokeni kokuqala kwamapiston namasilinda.
Ukuguqula isiguquli esinamandla
Kunezinketho ezimbalwa zokuxazulula le nkinga, esike sakhuluma ngayo kuwebhusayithi ye-vodi.su. Indlela esobala kakhulu yokuphuma ukuya esitolo senkampani ye-automaker yakho futhi u-ode ukufakwa kwe-catalyst entsha yoqobo. Isevisi ayishibhile. Kodwa uma uthengiswa usuvele uthole ama-cartridges ngokwawo (amabhlogo wokulungisa), ashibhile kakhulu. Enye indlela yokuphuma: uma ama-honeycombs ayengama-ceramic, thenga i-block enezinyosi zensimbi. Izindleko zizoba sebangeni lama-ruble angama-4000 nangaphezulu kanye nokufakwa.
Uma ungafuni ukuchitha lolo hlobo lwemali, esikhundleni se-neutralizer, bafaka imbiza yesibambi somlilo kanye ne-snag esikhundleni se-Lambda probes. Yiqiniso, ukonga kuyoba okuphawulekayo, injini izosebenza ngokunamandla nakakhulu. Kodwa inkinga iwukuthi izinga lobuthi ngeke lisahambisana nezindinganiso ze-Euro 6, 5, 4. Okusho ukuthi, ngeke ukwazi ukuhamba phesheya ngemoto enjalo, futhi maduzane ngisho naseMoscow nakwamanye amadolobha amakhulu. Ngakho-ke, asincomi ukwenza lolu hlobo "lokulungisa". I-catalyst iwukusungulwa okuhle okusiza ukuthuthukisa isimo semvelo emhlabeni wonke, futhi lapho usisusa, khumbula ukuthi wena nezingane zakho niphefumula umoya, futhi impilo yabantu incike ekungcoleni kwawo.
Iyalayisha...
