iyini, itholakala kuphi futhi ingeyani? -AutoTachki

Imoto yesimanje iyisisetshenziswa esiyinkimbinkimbi ngobuchwepheshe. Okuhlaba umxhwele kakhulu inani elikhulu lezinzwa ezihlukene zokukala wonke amapharamitha wokusebenza kwenjini ngaphandle kokukhetha.

Ulwazi oluvela kulezi zinzwa luthunyelwa kuyunithi yokulawula ye-elekthronikhi, ecutshungulwa ngokuya ngama-algorithms ayinkimbinkimbi. Ngokusekelwe kudatha etholiwe, i-ECU ikhetha imodi yokusebenza efanele ngokudlulisela ama-actuator kagesi.

Enye yalezi zinzwa i-lambda probe, esesikhulume kaningi emakhasini weVodi.su autoportal yethu. Kwenzelweni? Isebenza miphi imisebenzi? Sizozama ukucabangela le mibuzo kulesi sihloko.

Injongo

Elinye igama lale divayisi yokulinganisa inzwa ye-oxygen.

Ezimweni eziningi, ifakwe ku-manifold exhaust, lapho amagesi aphuma enjini yemoto engena ngaphansi kwengcindezi ephezulu namazinga okushisa aphezulu.

Kwanele ukusho ukuthi i-lambda probe ingakwazi ukwenza kahle imisebenzi yayo lapho ifudumala kufika kuma-degree angu-400.

I-lambda probe ihlaziya inani le-O2 kumagesi aphumayo.

Amanye amamodeli anezinzwa ezimbili zalezi:

eyodwa kokuningi kokukhipha ngaphambi kwesiguquli se-catalytic;
eyesibili ngokushesha ngemva kwe-catalyst yokunqunywa okunembe kakhudlwana kwemingcele yokushiswa kukaphethiloli.

Akunzima ukuqagela ukuthi ngokusebenza kahle kakhulu kwenjini, kanye nesistimu yomjovo, inani le-O2 ekukhipheni kufanele libe lincane.

Uma inzwa inquma ukuthi inani le-oksijini lidlula okujwayelekile, isignali ithunyelwa kuyo iyunithi yokulawula i-electronic, ngokulandelana, i-ECU ikhetha imodi yokusebenza lapho ukunikezwa kwengxube ye-air-oksijeni enjini yemoto kuncipha.

Ukuzwela kwenzwa kuphezulu kakhulu. Imodi efanelekile yokusebenza kweyunithi yamandla ibhekwa uma ingxube ye-air-fuel ingena kumasilinda inokwakheka okulandelayo: ingxenye engu-14,7 yamafutha iwela ezingxenyeni eziyi-1 zomoya. Ngomsebenzi odidiyelwe wawo wonke amasistimu, inani le-oksijini esele kumagesi okukhipha umoya kufanele libe lincane.

Empeleni, uma ubheka, i-lambda probe ayidlali indima engokoqobo. Ukufakwa kwayo kuthethelelwa kuphela ngezindinganiso eziqinile ze-eco yenani le-CO2 ekukhishweni. Ukweqa lezi zindinganiso eYurophu, kunikezwa izinhlawulo ezibucayi.

Idivayisi nomgomo wokusebenza

Idivayisi iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu (kulabo bantu abawazi kahle amakhemikhali). Ngeke sikuchaze ngokuningiliziwe, sizonikeza ulwazi olujwayelekile kuphela.

Isimiso sokusebenza:

Ama-electrode ama-2, angaphandle nangaphakathi. I-electrode yangaphandle ine-platinum enamathela, ezwela kakhulu kumoya-mpilo. Inzwa yangaphakathi yenziwe nge-zirconium alloy;
i-electrode yangaphakathi ingaphansi kwethonya lamagesi okukhipha umoya, ongaphandle uthintana nomoya womkhathi;
lapho inzwa yangaphakathi ishisa ku-zirconium dioxide ye-ceramic base, umehluko ongase ube khona uyakhiwa futhi i-voltage encane kagesi ibonakala;
lo mehluko ongase ube khona futhi unqume okuqukethwe kwe-oksijini kumagesi okukhipha umoya.

Enhlanganisela eshile ngokuphelele, inkomba ye-Lambda noma i-air coefficient (L) eyeqile ilingana neyodwa. Uma u-L mkhulu kunoyedwa, khona-ke i-oxygen eningi kakhulu kanye nophethiloli omncane kakhulu kungena kule ngxube. Uma u-L engaphansi kweyodwa, khona-ke umoya-mpilo awushisi ngokuphelele ngenxa kaphethiloli oweqile.

Esinye sezici ze-probe yisici esikhethekile sokushisa ukushisa ama-electrode emazingeni okushisa adingekayo.

Amaphutha

Uma inzwa ihluleka noma idlulisa idatha engalungile, khona-ke "ubuchopho" be-elekthronikhi bemoto ngeke bukwazi ukuhlinzeka ngemibono efanele ohlelweni lomjovo mayelana nokubunjwa okuphelele kwengxube ye-air-fuel. Okusho ukuthi, ukusebenzisa kwakho uphethiloli kungase kukhuphuke, noma okuphambene nalokho, ukudonsa kuzokwehla ngenxa yokunikezwa kwengxube ethambile.

Lokhu kuzoholela ekuwohlokeni kokusebenza kwenjini, ukwehla kwamandla, ukwehla kwejubane nokusebenza okuguquguqukayo. Kuzokwazi futhi ukuzwa i-crackle yesici kusiguquli se-catalytic.

Izimbangela zokuhluleka kwe-lambda probe:

uphethiloli wezinga eliphansi elinokuqukethwe okuphezulu kokungcola - lesi yisizathu esivamile saseRussia, njengoba uphethiloli uqukethe ukuhola okuningi;
uwoyela wenjini ungena kwinzwa ngenxa yokugqoka kwamasongo episton noma ukufakwa kwawo kabi;
ama-wire breaks, izifunda ezimfushane;
uketshezi lwangaphandle lobuchwepheshe ku-exhaust;
ukulimala komshini.

Kuyafaneleka futhi ukusho ukuthi abashayeli abaningi baseRussia bashintsha i-catalyst nge-flame arrester. Sesivele sibhale kuVodi.su ukuthi kungani bekwenza. Ngemva kwalokhu kusebenza, isidingo sophenyo lwesibili lwe-lambda siyanyamalala (ebesiku-resonator ngemuva kwesiguquli se-catalytic), njengoba isibambisi somlilo asikwazi ukuhlanza amagesi e-exhaust ngendlela ephumelelayo njenge-catalyst.

Kwamanye amamodeli, kungenzeka ukushiya i-lambda probe ngokuhlela kabusha iyunithi yokulawula ye-elekthronikhi. Kwabanye, lokhu akunakwenzeka.