Yini enye ongayenza ngokuzenzakalelayo?

Namuhla, umqondo othi "Automation as a Service" wenza umsebenzi. Lokhu kwenziwa lula ukuthuthukiswa kwe-AI, ukufunda ngomshini, ukuthunyelwa ngokushesha kwe-inthanethi yezinto nengqalasizinda ehlobene, kanye nokwanda kwenani lemishini yedijithali ezenzakalelayo. Nokho, akudingekile ukumane ufake amarobhothi amaningi. Namuhla kuqondwa kabanzi futhi kuvumelana nezimo.

Njengamanje, iziqalo ezinamandla kakhulu zifaka izinkampani ezifana ne-LogSquare e-Dubai, umhlinzeki wezokuthutha, wezokuthutha kanye nezixazululo ze-automation. Ingxenye ebalulekile yomnikelo we-LogSquare iwukuba isitoreji esizenzakalelayo nesixazululo sokubuyisa esiklanyelwe ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwendawo yokugcina izinto futhi kuzuzwe amazinga aphezulu okusebenza kahle nokukhiqiza.

Abaphathi benkampani babiza isiphakamiso sabo ngokuthi "i-soft automation" (1). Izinkampani eziningi, naphezu kwengcindezi ezidalile, azikakalungeli ukuthatha isinyathelo esiqinile, ngakho-ke izixazululo ze-LogSquare ziyathandeka kuzo, zizenzakalela ngama-tweaks amancane nokulinganisa.

Uphuma nini ngaphandle "kwendawo yakho yokunethezeka"?

zihlanganisa ukuhlela nokubikezela. Ama-algorithms wokufunda komshini angahlelwa ukuze ahlaziye idatha yezibalo, acabangele ulwazi lomlando nemvelo, bese enikeza ulwazi olumayelana namaphethini noma amathrendi. Lokhu kuphinda kusebenze ekubhukheni okungcono nasekuphathweni kwempahla. Kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezimoto ezizimele. unomphela usebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bamuva benethiwekhi obufana ne-5G izohlinzeka ngezimoto nemishini, njengezimoto ezizimele, ngokuthatha izinqumo ezizimele.

Izinkampani ezinkulu zezimayini ezifana ne-Rio Tinto ne-BHP Billington sezineminyaka eminingana zitshala imali kule ndawo ngokwenza amaloli azo kanye nemishini emikhulu (2). Lokhu kungaba nezinzuzo eziningi - hhayi kuphela mayelana nezindleko zabasebenzi, kodwa futhi ngokunciphisa imvamisa yokugcinwa kwemoto nokuphakamisa izindinganiso zempilo nokuphepha. Kodwa-ke, kuze kube manje lokhu kusebenza kuphela ezindaweni ezilawulwa ngokuqinile. Uma izimoto ezizimele zikhishelwa ngaphandle kwalezi zindawo zokunethezeka, indaba yokusebenza kwazo ngendlela ephumelelayo nephephile iba nzima kakhulu. Nokho, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kuyodingeka baphumele ngaphandle, bazibonele, futhi basebenze ngokuphepha.

2. I-Rio Tinto Automated Mining Machines

Irobhothi imboni ayanele. Ukuhlaziywa kweqembu kwe-MPI kubonisa ukuthi cishe ingxenye yesithathu yezinqubo zokukhiqiza namadivayisi, kanye nezinqubo ezingezona ezokukhiqiza namadivayisi, kakade aqukethe/ubuhlakani obushunyekiwe. Ngokusho kwenkampani ebonisana ne-McKinsey & Company, ukusetshenziswa kabanzi kobuchwepheshe bokulungisa izinto zokuvikela kunganciphisa izindleko zokulungisa ezinkampanini ngo-20%, kunciphise isikhathi sokungasebenzi esingahlelelwe ngo-50%, futhi kwelule impilo yomshini ngeminyaka. Izinhlelo zokuvikela ezivikelayo ziqapha amadivayisi ananoma iyiphi inombolo yamamethrikhi okusebenza.

Ukuthenga amarobhothi ngokuqondile kungaba umsebenzi obizayo. Njengoba kushiwo ekuqaleni kwalesi sihloko, kuvela igagasi elisha lezinsizakalo njengenkonzo. Umqondo uwukuqasha amarobhothi ngentengo encishisiwe, kunokuba uzithengele wona. Ngale ndlela, amarobhothi angenziwa ngokushesha nangempumelelo ngaphandle kokufaka engcupheni izindleko ezinkulu zokutshala imali. Kukhona nezinkampani ezinikeza izixazululo ze-modular ezivumela abakhiqizi ukuthi basebenzise kuphela lokho abakudingayo. Izinkampani ezihlinzeka ngezixazululo ezinjalo zifaka: I-ABB Ltd. I-Fanuc Corp, i-Sterraclimb.

Umshini wokuthengisa ekhaya nasegcekeni

Ukukhiqizwa kwezolimo yindawo eyodwa okubikezelwa ukuthi izonqotshwa ngokushesha ngokuzenzakalelayo. Imishini yokulima ezenzakalelayo ingasebenza amahora amaningi ngaphandle kokuphumula futhi isivele isetshenziswa emikhakheni eminingi yebhizinisi lezolimo (3). Babikezelwa ukuthi, ikakhulukazi emazweni asathuthuka, bazoba nomthelela omkhulu emhlabeni wonke kubasebenzi esikhathini eside, kakhulu kunasezimbonini.

3. Ingalo yerobhothi yezolimo ye-Iron Ox

I-automation kwezolimo ngokuyinhloko isofthiwe yokuphatha ipulazi esekela izinsiza, izilimo nokuphathwa kwezilwane. Ukulawula okunembile okusekelwe ekuhlaziyweni komlando kanye nedatha ebikezelayo kuholela ekongeni amandla, ukwandisa ukusebenza kahle, ukwenziwa kahle kokusetshenziswa kwezibulala-khula nezibulala-zinambuzane. Futhi idatha yezilwane, kusukela emaphethini okuzalanisa kuya kuma-genomics.

Intelligent Autonomous Systems izinhlelo zokuchelela zisiza ukulawula nokusebenzisa amanzi emapulazini. Yonke into isekelwe kudatha eqoqwe ngokunembile neyahlaziywa, hhayi esigqokweni, kodwa kusukela kusistimu yezinzwa eqoqa ulwazi futhi esiza abalimi baqaphe impilo yezitshalo, isimo sezulu kanye nekhwalithi yenhlabathi.

Izinkampani eziningi manje zinikeza izixazululo zokulima okuzenzakalelayo. Isibonelo esisodwa i-FieldMicro kanye nezinsizakalo zayo ze-SmartFarm kanye ne-FieldBot. Abalimi babona futhi bezwe lokho u-FieldBot (4) akubonayo nakuzwayo, idivayisi ephathwayo elawulwa kude exhuma kumathuluzi/isofthiwe yezolimo.

I-FieldBots ifakwe iphaneli yelanga eyakhelwe ngaphakathi, ikhamera ye-HD nemakrofoni, kanye nezinzwa eziqapha izinga lokushisa, umfutho womoya, umswakama, ukunyakaza, umsindo, nokunye. Abasebenzisi bangakwazi ukulawula amasistimu abo okunisela, ama-valve okuguqula, ukuvula izilayidi, ukuqapha amanzi okugcina amanzi kanye namazinga omswakama, babuke okurekhodiwe bukhoma, balalele umsindo ophilayo, futhi bavale amaphampu esikhungweni sokulawula. I-FieldBot ilawulwa ngeplatifomu ye-SmartFarm.okuvumela abasebenzisi ukuthi babeke imithetho ye-FieldBot ngayinye noma i-FieldBots eminingi esebenza ndawonye. Imithetho ingasethwa kunoma yisiphi isisetshenziswa esixhunywe ku-FieldBot, engasebenzisa ezinye izinto ezixhunywe kwenye i-FieldBot. Ukufinyelela endaweni yesikhulumi kungenzeka nge-smartphone, ithebhulethi noma ikhompyutha.

I-FieldMicro ibambisene nomkhiqizi wemishini yasemapulazini owaziwayo uJohn Deere ukuze anikeze idatha endaweni yesikhulumi se-SmartFarm. Abasebenzisi ngeke bakwazi ukubona indawo kuphela, kodwa neminye imininingwane yemoto efana nophethiloli, uwoyela kanye namazinga wesistimu osebenza ngamanzi. Imiyalo ingabuye ithunyelwe kusuka endaweni yesikhulumi se-SmartFarm emishinini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-SmartFarm izobonisa ulwazi mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwamanje kanye nohlu lwemishini ka-John Deere ehambisanayo. I-SmartFarm Location History ikuvumela ukuthi ubuke umzila othathwe umshini ezinsukwini ezingamashumi ayisithupha ezedlule futhi uhlanganisa ulwazi olufana nendawo, isivinini kanye nendlela. Abalimi futhi banekhono lokufinyelela bekude imishini yabo ye-John Deere ukuze baxazulule izinkinga noma benze izinguquko.

Isibalo samarobhothi ezimboni siphindeke kathathu eminyakeni eyishumi, sisuka ngaphezudlwana kwesigidi ngo-2010 saya esihlosweni sezigidi ezi-3,15 ngo-2020. Nakuba i-automation ingakwazi (futhi iyakwenza) ukukhulisa umkhiqizo, umkhiqizo ngamunye kanye namazinga okuphila ewonke, ezinye izici zokuzenzakalela ziyakhathaza, njengomthelela wazo omubi kubasebenzi abanamakhono aphansi.

Imisebenzi ejwayelekile kanye namakhono aphansi ijwayele ukuba lula ukuthi amarobhothi ayenze kunemisebenzi engeyona eyejwayelekile enamakhono aphezulu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukwanda kwenani lamarobhothi noma ukwanda kokusebenza kahle kwawo kusongela le misebenzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izisebenzi ezinamakhono engeziwe zivame ukwenza imisebenzi ehambisana ne-automation, njengokuklama nokugcinwa kwamarobhothi, ukugada, nokulawula. Njengomphumela we-automation, isidingo sabasebenzi abanamakhono aphezulu kanye namaholo abo singakhuphuka.

Ekupheleni kuka-2017, iMcKinsey Global Institute ishicilele umbiko (5) lapho ibala khona ukuthi imashi engapheli ye-automation inganciphisa imisebenzi efinyelela ezigidini ezingama-2030 e-United States kuphela ngonyaka wama-73. "I-automation iyingxenye yekusasa labasebenzi," kuphawula u-Elliot Dinkin, uchwepheshe wemakethe yezemisebenzi owaziwayo kulo mbiko. "Kodwa-ke, kunezinkomba zokuthi umthelela wako ekuncishisweni kwemisebenzi ungase ube ngaphansi kunobekulindelekile."

U-Dinkin uphinde aphawule ukuthi, ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, i-automation ithuthukisa ukukhula kwebhizinisi futhi ngaleyo ndlela ikhuthaze ukukhula komsebenzi kunokulahlekelwa umsebenzi. Ngo-1913, iFord Motor Company yethula ulayini wokuhlanganisa izimoto, yanciphisa isikhathi sokuhlanganisa imoto sisuka emahoreni ayi-12 siye cishe ehora nesigamu, futhi sivumela ukwanda okukhulu kokukhiqizwa. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, imboni yezimoto iye yaqhubeka nokwandisa i-automation futhi ... isasebenzisa abantu - ngo-2011-2017, naphezu kokuzenzakalelayo, inani lemisebenzi kule mboni lenyuke cishe ngama-50%.

Ukuzenzakalela okuningi kuholela enkingeni, isibonelo sakamuva okuyisitshalo se-Tesla eCalifornia, lapho, njengoba u-Elon Musk ngokwakhe avuma, i-automation yayiyihaba. Yilokhu okushiwo abahlaziyi benkampani ehlonishwayo yaseWall Street iBernstein. U-Elon Musk wenze i-Tesla ngokuzenzakalelayo kakhulu. Le mishini, lowo mboni evamise ukuthi izoletha izinguquko embonini yezimoto, yabiza inkampani kangangokuthi isikhathi eside kwaze kwakhulunywa ngokuthi uTesla angase abhuqe.

Isikhungo sokukhiqiza sikaTesla esiseduze ngokuzenzakalelayo eFremont, eCalifornia, esikhundleni sokusheshisa nokwenza lula ukulethwa kwezimoto ezintsha, sesiyinkinga enkampanini. Isitshalo asikwazanga ukubhekana nomsebenzi wokukhulula ngokushesha imodeli entsha yemoto yeTesli 3 (Bheka futhi: ). Inqubo yokukhiqiza yahlulelwa njengenesifiso sokuvelela, eyingozi futhi eyinkimbinkimbi. "UTesla wayesebenzisa imali ephindwe kabili kunaleyo esetshenziswa umakhi wezimoto zendabuko ngeyunithi ngayinye yomthamo wokukhiqiza," kubhala abahlaziyi befemu uBerstein ekuhlaziyeni kwabo. “Inkampani i-ode inqwaba yamarobhothi akwaKuka. Akukhona nje kuphela ukuthi ukugxiviza, ukupenda kanye nokushisela (njengabanye abaningi abakhiqizi bezimoto) kuyazenzakalela, imizamo yenziwe ukuze kusebenze inqubo yokugcina yokuhlanganisa. Lapha uTesla ubonakala enezinkinga (kanye nokushisela nokuhlanganisa amabhethri).

UBernstein uyanezela ukuthi abakhiqizi bezimoto abakhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni, okungukuthi amaJapane, bazama ukukhawulela i-automation ngoba "iyabiza futhi ngokwezibalo ihlobene kabi nekhwalithi." Indlela yaseJapane iwukuthi uqala inqubo kuqala bese uletha amarobhothi. UMusk wenza okuphambene. Abahlaziyi baveza ukuthi ezinye izinkampani zezimoto ezizame ukwenza amaphesenti angu-100 ezinhlelo zazo zokukhiqiza, okuhlanganisa nemidondoshiya efana neFiat neVolkswagen, nazo zehlulekile.

5. Izinga elibikezelwe lokushintshwa komsebenzi womuntu yizinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezixazululo ezizenzakalelayo.

Abaduni bathanda imboni

okungenzeka ukuthi kusheshiswe ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe be-automation. Sibhale ngalokhu kwenye yezindaba zakamuva ze-MT. Nakuba i-automation ingaletha izinzuzo eziningi embonini, akufanele ikhohlwe ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa kwayo kuza nezinselelo ezintsha, enye enkulu kunazo zonke okuwukuphepha. Embikweni wakamuva we-NTT, onesihloko esithi "Global Threat Intelligence Report 2020", phakathi kwezinye izinto, ulwazi olunjalo okuthi, isibonelo, e-UK nase-Ireland, ukukhiqizwa kwezimboni kuwumkhakha we-cyber ohlaselwa kakhulu. Cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yakho konke ukuhlasela kubhalwe kule ndawo, ngo-21% wokuhlasela emhlabeni wonke kuncike kubahlaseli be-inthanethi ukuskena amasistimu nezinhlelo zokuphepha.

"Ukukhiqizwa kwezimboni kubonakala kungenye yezimboni okuhloswe ngazo kakhulu emhlabeni, evame ukuhlotshaniswa nokwebiwa kwempahla yengqondo," kusho umbiko we-NTT, kodwa imboni nayo iya ngokuya ibhekana "nokuvuza kwedatha yezezimali, izingozi ezihlobene nochungechunge lokuhlinzeka emhlabeni jikelele. .” kanye nezingozi zobuthakathaka obungafani.”

Ephawula ngombiko, uRory Duncan we-NTT Ltd. wagcizelela ukuthi: "Ukuvikeleka okubi kobuchwepheshe bezimboni kade kwaziwa - izinhlelo eziningi zenzelwe ukusebenza, amandla kanye nokuhambisana, hhayi ukuphepha kwe-IT." Esikhathini esedlule, baphinde bathembele kolunye uhlobo "lokufihla". Amaphrothokholi, amafomethi, nokuxhumana kulezi zinhlelo ngokuvamile bekuyinkimbinkimbi futhi kuwubunikazi, futhi kuhlukile kulawo asetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zolwazi, okwenza kube nzima kubahlaseli ukuhlasela ngempumelelo. Njengoba izinhlelo eziningi zivela kunethiwekhi, abaduni benza izinto ezintsha futhi babheke lezi zinhlelo njengezisengozini yokuhlaselwa.”

Ochwepheshe bezokuphepha i-IOActive basanda kwethula i-cyberattack kumasistimu wamarobhothi ezimboni ukuze banikeze ubufakazi bokuthi kungaphazamisa izinkampani ezinkulu. "Esikhundleni sokubethela imininingwane, umhlaseli angahlasela izingcezu ezibalulekile zesoftware yerobhothi ukuze agcine irobhothi lingasebenzi kuze kukhokhelwe isihlengo," kusho abacwaningi. Ukufakazela ithiyori yabo, abamele i-IOActive bagxile ku-NAO, ucwaningo oludumile kanye nerobhothi lezemfundo. Inesistimu yokusebenza "ecishe ifane" kanye nobuthakathaka njengoPepper odume kakhulu weSoftBank. Ukuhlasela kusebenzisa isici esingabhaliwe ukuze uthole isilawuli kude phezu komshini.

Ungakwazi ke ukukhubaza izici zokuphatha ezivamile, uguqule izici ezizenzakalelayo zerobhothi, futhi uqondise kabusha idatha esuka kuwo wonke amashaneli evidiyo nawomsindo uye kuseva ekude ku-inthanethi. Izinyathelo ezilandelayo zokuhlasela zihlanganisa ukuphakamisa amalungelo omsebenzisi, ukwephula indlela yokusetha kabusha njengasekuqaleni, kanye nokuthelela wonke amafayela enkumbulweni. Ngamanye amazwi, bangalimaza irobhothi noma basongele othile ngokomzimba.

Uma inqubo ye-automation ingakuqinisekisi ukuphepha, izonciphisa inqubo. Kunzima ukucabanga ukuthi ngesifiso esinjalo sokuzenzakalela kanye nokwenza amarobhothi ngangokunokwenzeka, othile angadebeselela umkhakha wezokuphepha.