Kuzokwenzekani kuma-EVs?

Yiziphi izindlela ongahamba ngazo ugesi lapho inkinga isiphelile?

Omunye wemibuzo eminingi ephakamayo esimweni samanje sobhubhane ukuthi kuzokwenzekani ekuhambeni kukagesi. Ishova amakhadi kakhulu kulo mdlalo futhi isimo siyashintsha nsuku zonke.

Uma ubheka nje, konke kubonakala kucacile - esimweni semali enkulu "evuthayo" kanye nesikhathi eside sokuvala amabhizinisi, okuhambisana nokusetshenziswa okuphansi kakhulu, okuzohambisana nokuma okude emakethe, iningi lezinqolobane zezimali. eziqoqwe izinkampani zizoncipha, futhi kuzo nezinhloso zokutshala izimali zizoshintsha . Lezi zinhloso zokutshala izimali zihlobene kakhulu nokuhamba kukagesi, okwamanje kusekuncane kakhulu.

Konke kwakubonakala kucacile ...

Ngaphambi kwalolu bhubhane, yonke into yayibonakala icacile - izinkampani zazithatha indlela ehlukile yokwakha izimoto zikagesi, kodwa noma kunjalo, eminyakeni yamuva nje, akekho owabukela phansi amathemba okuhamba kukagesi. Noma yini ezwakala njengokuthi "luhlaza" noma "luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka" isibe isisekelo sokumaketha, futhi ukutshalwa kwezimali kulokhu kuye kwathwalisa isabelomali esiphezulu sokuthuthukiswa kwezinkampani. Ngemuva kwenhlekelele yesango likadizili, iVolkswagen yenza inguquko eqine kakhulu ekuhambeni kukagesi ngokutshala imali eningi ekuthuthukisweni kwezingxenyekazi ezintsha ze-MEB ne-PPE eziklanyelwe ngokukhethekile izimoto zikagesi ezinazo zonke izici zalolu hlobo lokushayela. Yayingasekho indlela yokubuyela emuva. Izinkampani eziningi zaseShayina zithathe indlela efanayo nethuba lokuthatha izikhundla ezimakethe zangaphandle ezingakaze zikwazi ukungena kuzo, ngokuyinhloko ngenxa yezinga eliphansi lobuchwepheshe kanye nekhwalithi ephansi yemikhiqizo yazo. AbakwaGM kanye nabakwaHyundai/Kia baphinde bakhe izinkundla "zikagesi",

kanti uFord ubambisene neVW. UDaimler usakhipha ama-EVs endaweni yonke, kepha ukulungiswa kwesikhulumi samamodeli afakwe ugesi nakho sekucishe kuphelele. Indlela yezinkampani ezinjenge-PSA / Opel ne-BMW yehlukile, izixazululo zayo ezintsha zeplatifomu zihlose ukuguquguquka, okungukuthi, amandla okuhlanganisa wonke amadrayivu, kufaka phakathi ama-plug-ins nezinhlelo ezinamandla aphelele. Ngasohlangothini lwesithathu, kukhona ongakhetha kukho, njengeplatifomu yakwaRenault-Nissan-Mitsubishi CMF-EV noma iplatifomu yakwaToyota e-TNGA, ekude kakhulu ne-CMF yokuqala ne-TNGA eqamba amapulatifomu ezimoto ezivamile, ezingabonakala njenge amapulatifomu amasha kagesi ngokuphelele.

Ngokwalokhu kubuka, umsebenzi omningi wenziwa ngaphambi kwenhlekelele. Imboni yakwaVW iZwickau, okumele ikhiqize izimoto ezisebenza ngogesi kuphela, isihlomile futhi isilungele ukuhamba, kanti nezinkampani ezakha izimoto ezisebenza ngogesi ezisekelweni ezijwayelekile seziwujwayele ukukhiqiza. Iningi labo liklama futhi lizenzele awabo amamotho kagesi namabhethri. Kodwa-ke, kufanele siveze ukuthi ngamabhethri kulokhu sisho amasistimu e-peripheral afana nezivalo, amandla kagesi, ukupholisa nokushisisa. "Umgogodla wamakhemikhali" wamabhethri e-lithium-ion wenziwa izinkampani ezinkulu ezimbalwa njenge-CATL yaseChina, iSanyo/Panasonic yaseJapan, ne-LG Chem yaseKorea ne-Samsung. Kokubili kanye namabhethri, izinkinga zokukhiqiza zavela ngisho nangaphambi kokuvalwa kwamafekthri ezimoto futhi zazihlobene namaketanga okuhlinzeka - kusukela ezintweni ezingavuthiwe ezidingwa abakhiqizi bamaseli kuya kumaseli uqobo okufanele afinyelele izinkampani zezimoto.

Ama-Paradigms

Kodwa-ke, izinkinga zokunikezela kanye nezimboni ezivaliwe kuphela zidweba isithombe samanje. Ukuthi ukuhamba kwe-e kuzoguquka kanjani kuncike emkhathizwe wezinhlekelele. Akukacaci okwamanje ukuthi angakanani amaphakheji wokutakula e-EU azoya embonini yezimoto, futhi lokho kunengqondo. Esimweni esibucayi sangaphambilini (kusukela ngo-2009), ama-euro ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-7,56 aya embonini yezimoto ngendlela yemalimboleko yokuthola kabusha. Inkinga uqobo iphoqe abakhiqizi ukuthi batshale imali kubuchwepheshe obusha bokukhiqiza ukuze bazilungiselele kangcono kangcono izimo ezinjalo. Ukukhiqizwa kwezimoto manje sekuguquguquka kakhulu futhi kulula ukujwayela ukuguquguquka kwesidingo, futhi lokhu kufaka nezinketho eziguquguqukayo zokumisa nokuqala komkhiqizo. Okusho ukuthi lokhu kulula. Kunoma ikuphi, izinkampani njengamanje zilungiselela amapulani A, B no-C okuzohamba, kuya ngokuthi izinto zenzeka kanjani. I-America ikholelwa ukuthi ukwehlisa umkhawulo ekusetshenzisweni kukaphethiloli (eYurophu okulinganiselwe ukukhishwa kwe-carbon dioxide) kungaholela ekwandeni kokusetshenziswa kukawoyela, ngoba amanani aphansi njengamanje awafanele abakhiqizi bakawoyela, iningi labo elibiza kakhulu ukukhipha uwoyela ongahluziwe ku-shale. Kodwa-ke, amanani aphansi kawoyela nokususwa kokukhululwa kushaya ukuhamba kwamandla kagesi okuntekenteke namanje, okusebenza kahle kwezezimali kuncike kakhulu kwizinsizakalo. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi le mixhaso izobuyiselwa kanjani, okuyiyona ebenze baheheka ngokwengeziwe ukuthenga emazweni afana neNorway futhi, muva nje, naseGermany. Kumele zivela emalini engenayo yentela emazweni, futhi zehla kakhulu ngenkathi izindleko zenhlalo zikhuphuka. Uma le nkinga ihlala isikhathi eside, ngabe amazwe azobe ekulungele ukuxhasa izimoto zikagesi nezinkampani ukuze zithuthuke ngokusebenzayo? Lesi sakamuva sisebenza nasezinjinini zomlilo zangaphakathi.

Olunye uhlangothi lwemali

Noma kunjalo, kungaba nombono ohluke ngokuphelele wezinto. Imali eningi eyasetshenziswa yi-European Union ne-United States (ye-GM ne-Chrysler) ezinkampanini zezimoto ngesikhathi senkinga yezezimali yango-2009 kwakudingeka ukuthi itshalwe kubuchwepheshe obuluhlaza. Kepha kubakhiqizi baseYurophu, lokhu kwenzeka ngaphansi kokutshalwa kwemali okuningi kudizili "ohlanzekile", bese kunciphisa izinjini zikaphethiloli. Lezi zangaphambili zaphazanyiswa ngo-2015, kwathi ngokwethulwa kokwehla okuya ngokuya kuncipha kwezidingo zokukhishwa kwe-carbon dioxide, kwavela izimoto zikagesi. Izinkampani ezinjengoTesla ziye zaba ngamasu ngokoqobo. 

Ngokusho kwabasunguli befilosofi eluhlaza, yinkinga yamanje ekhombisa ukuthi kungakanani ukungcola okuvela emishinini okulimaza iplanethi, futhi leli yicilongo elibi kakhulu kulokhu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, yonke into idinga imali, futhi abakhiqizi bangase bacele ukubuyekezwa kwemibandela yokukhokhiswa kwezinhlawulo zokukhishwa okuphezulu. Izimo zezimo zokwakheka zingase zibe ukuphikisana okuqinile kulokhu, futhi njengoba sishilo, amanani aphansi kawoyela aqhubeka enzima isici somnotho sokuhamba kukagesi - okuhlanganisa nokutshalwa kwezimali emithonjeni evuselelekayo kanye nenethiwekhi yokushaja. Masingakhohlwa ku-equation abakhiqizi bamaseli e-lithium-ion, abatshala izigidigidi zamafektri amasha futhi "abashisa imali" okwamanje. Ingabe esinye isinqumo singathathwa ngemva kwenhlekelele - ukukhomba amaphakheji okuvuselela ngezinga elikhulu nakakhulu lokuhlanza ubuchwepheshe bukagesi? Kusazobonakala. 

Okwamanje, sizoshicilela uchungechunge lapho sizokutshela khona ngezinselele zokuhamba kukagesi, kufaka phakathi izindlela zokukhiqiza, ubuchwepheshe bama-motors kagesi namabhethri.