Cessna

I-Citation Longitude yobukhulu obumaphakathi yi-bizjet ephambili yamanje ye-Cessna. Ikhophi yokuqala yokukhiqiza yaphuma ehholo lomhlangano ngoJuni 13, 2017. Indiza yathola isitifiketi sohlobo lwe-FAA ngo-September 21, 2019.

I-Cessna Aircraft Company ingumholi ongenambangi ekukhiqizweni kwezindiza zezindiza ezijwayelekile - ezohwebo, izivakashi, izinsiza kanye nokuqeqeshwa. Le nkampani yasungulwa ngo-1927, kodwa ukuthuthukiswa kwayo kwashesha ngemva kweMpi Yezwe II. Ngeminyaka yawo-50 kanye nawo-60, kwase kwaziwa kangangokuthi ngisho nomuntu waseMelika ovamile owayengenasithakazelo kwezondiza wayehlobanisa igama elithi Cessna nalezi zindiza ezincane ezasuka futhi zehla esikhumulweni sezindiza sendawo yangakubo. Kusukela ngo-2016, inkampani ibisebenza ngaphansi kwesibhengezo se-Textron Aviation, kodwa igama le-Cessna lisasebenza njengophawu lwendiza.

Umsunguli weNkampani Yezindiza i-Cessna kwakungu-Clyde Vernon Cessna - umlimi, umakhenikha, umdayisi wezimoto, umklami onekhono ozifundisayo nomshayeli wendiza. Wazalwa ngo-December 5, 1879 e-Hawthorne, e-Iowa. Ekuqaleni kuka-1881, umndeni wakhe wathuthela epulazini eliseduze neRago, Kansas. Naphezu kokungenayo imfundo ehlelekile, uClyde wayethanda ubuchwepheshe kusukela ebuntwaneni futhi wayevame ukusiza abalimi bendawo ukulungisa imishini yezolimo. Washada ngo-1905 kwathi eminyakeni emithathu kamuva waqala ukusebenzela i-Overland Automobiles, indawo edayisa izimoto e-Enid, e-Oklahoma. Uthole impumelelo enkulu kulo mkhakha futhi igama lakhe lize lavela ophawini olungaphezulu komnyango.

Indiza yokuqala eyakhiwa futhi yandiza uClyde Cessna ngo-1911 kwakuyi-monoplane Silver Wings. Isithombe ngo-April 1912 i-Silver Wing eyakhiwa kabusha ngemva kwengozi futhi yashintshwa kancane phakathi nendiza yokubonisa.

Wabamba isiphazamisi sezindiza e-Oklahoma City Air Show ngoJanuwari 14-18, 1911. UCessna akazange nje athande ukubukiswa kwasemoyeni, kodwa futhi wakhuluma nabashayeli bezindiza (kuhlanganise ne-fighter yaseFrance yakusasa u-ace Roland Garros) kanye nomakhenikha, ebuza imibuzo eminingi. nokubhala amanothi. Wanquma ukuzakhela eyakhe indiza, emodela iBlériot XI eyodwa. Ngale njongo, ngo-February waya eNew York, lapho eNkampanini Yezindiza yaseQueens athenga khona ikhophi ye-Blériot XI eyakhiwa lapho. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, wabheka ngokucophelela inqubo yokukhiqiza futhi wathatha izindiza eziningana njengomgibeli. Ngemva kokubuyela e-Enid, waqala ukwakha amaphiko futhi wazifaka egalaji eliqashiwe. Ngemva kwemizamo eminingi engaphumelelanga, wagcina ephumelele ubuciko bokushayela izindiza futhi ngoJune 1911 wandiza indiza yakhe, ayiqamba ngokuthi iSilver Wings.

Izindiza zokuqala zokubonisa umphakathi azizange zibe yimpumelelo kakhulu. Okwenza izinto zibe zimbi nakakhulu, ngo-September 13, 1911, iSilver Wings yaphahlazeka futhi uClyde walaliswa esibhedlela. Indiza eyakhiwe kabusha nelungisiwe yandiziswa ngabakwaCessna ngoDisemba 17. Ngo-1912-1913, uClyde wabamba iqhaza emibukisweni eminingi yasemoyeni e-Oklahoma naseKansas, ayihlela nomfowabo uRoy. Ngo-June 6, 1913, indiza entsha, eyakhiwa zisuka nje, yaqala ukundiza phezu kweWichita, Kansas ngo-October 17, 1913. Eminyakeni eyalandela, uCessna wakha izindiza eziningi nezingcono, azibonisa ngempumelelo endizeni phakathi nenkathi yasehlobo. Izenzo zikaCessna zadonsa ukunaka kosomabhizinisi abaningi baseWichita, abatshala imali ekusunguleni imboni yezindiza. Indlunkulu yayo yakhiwe ezakhiweni zefektri yezimoto i-JJ Jones Motor Company eWichita. Ukuvulwa kokusebenza kwenzeka ngo-September 1, 1916.

Ngo-1917, uCessna wakha izindiza ezimbili ezintsha. IComet enezihlalo ezimbili enekhabethe embozwe kancane yaqala ukundiza ngoJuni 24. Emasontweni amabili kamuva, ngo-July 7, uClyde waqopha irekhodi lesivinini somoya kazwelonke endaweni yokulawula i-200 km/h. Ngemva kokuba i-United States ingene eMpini Yezwe I ngo-April 1917, amafutha omphakathi ancipha kakhulu. I-Cessna yanikeza izindiza zayo kuhulumeni wobumbano, kodwa amasosha ayekhetha imishini eyenziwe ngesiFulentshi efakazelwe. Ngenxa yokuntuleka kwama-oda kanye nekhono lokubamba imibukiso yomoya ngasekupheleni kuka-1917, uCessna wavala ifektri, wabuyela epulazini lakhe waqala ukulima.

Ekuqaleni kuka-1925, uCessna wavakashelwa uLloyd C. Stearman noWalter H. Beech, abasikisela ukuba uCessna ajoyine inkampani ukuze akhe izindiza ezinohlaka lwensimbi. Ngemuva kokuheha abatshalizimali u-Walter J. Innes Jr. NgoFebhuwari 5, 1925, iTravel Air Manufacturing Company yasungulwa eWichita. U-Innes waba ngumongameli wayo, uCessna waba yiphini likamongameli, uBeech unobhala wakhe, kanye noStearman umklami wakhe omkhulu. Ekupheleni konyaka, ngemva kokuba u-Innes eshiye inkampani, uCessna wathatha njengomongameli, uBeech waba yiphini likamongameli, uStearman waba ngumgcinimafa. Indiza yokuqala ye-Travel Air kwakuyi-biplane Model A. Kusukela ekuqaleni, i-Cessna yayincamela izindiza ze-monoplane, kodwa yehluleka ukukholisa ozakwabo. Ngakho, ngesikhathi sakhe sokuphumula, wazakhela indiza yakhe yesishiyagalolunye - injini eyodwa, i-monoplane Type 500 enekhabethe elimboziwe labagibeli abahlanu. Yaqala ukundiza u-Clyde ngokwakhe ngo-June 14, 1926. NgoJanuwari 1927, I-National Air Transport yayala izibonelo eziyisishiyagalombili ezishintshwe kancane, eziqokwe u-Type 5000.

Inkampani siqu

Ngaphandle kwempumelelo, umbono olandelayo kaCessna - amaphiko antantayo mahhala - nawo awuzange uthole imvume kaWalter Beech (okwamanje, uLloyd Stearman wayishiya inkampani). Entwasahlobo ka-1927, uCessna wathengisa amasheya akhe ku-Travel Air ku-Beech futhi ngo-April 19 wamemezela ukusungulwa kwenkampani yakhe, i-Cessna Aircraft Company. Ekanye nesisebenzi sakhe esiwukuphela kwakhe ngaleso sikhathi, waqala ukwakha izindiza ezimbili endaweni yokulungiswa kwe-monoplane enophahla lwamahhala, ebizwa ngokungemthetho ngokuthi Yonke Injongo (kamuva eyaba yi-Phantom) kanye ne-Common. Ukuhlolwa kwamandla kwamaphiko, okudingekayo ukuze uMnyango Wezohwebo unikeze isitifiketi sohlobo olusemthethweni (Isitifiketi Sohlobo Olugunyaziwe, i-ATC), kwenziwe ngu-prof. Joseph S. Newell we-Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).

I-Phantom enezihlalo ezintathu yaba ngeyokuqala ukundiza ngo-Agasti 13, 1927. Indiza yaphumelela kakhulu futhi iCessna yanquma ukuqala ukukhiqizwa kwayo ngobuningi. Ukuze athole imali, wadayisela ingxenye yenkampani yakhe uVictor H. Roos, umdayisi wezithuthuthu wase-Omaha, eNebraska. Ngemva kwalokhu, ngoSepthemba 7, inkampani yabhaliswa ngokusemthethweni ngaphansi kwegama elithi Cessna-Roos Aircraft Company. Indlunkulu yayo yakhiwe ezakhiweni ezintsha eWichita. NgoZibandlela wonyaka ofanayo, uRoos wathengisa amasheya akhe kwaCessna kwathi ngoDisemba 22, inkampani yashintsha igama yaba yiCessna Aircraft Company.

I-Phantom yethule wonke umndeni wendiza eyaziwa ngokuthi i-A Series. Eyokuqala yazo yanikezwa umthengi ngoFebhuwari 28, 1928. Kuze kube ngu-1930, amakhophi angaphezu kuka-70 akhiqizwa ezinguqulweni ze-AA, AC, AF, AS kanye ne-AW, ehluke kakhulu enjini esetshenziswayo. Imodeli ye-BW enezihlalo ezintathu ezine ayiphumelelanga kakhulu - kwakhiwe izibonelo ezingu-13 kuphela. Indiza elandelayo i-CW-6 enezihlalo zabagibeli abayisithupha kanye nemoto yomhlangano yezihlalo ezimbili i-CPW-6 eyakhiwe ngesisekelo sayo yahlala iyisibonelo esisodwa kuphela. Ngo-1929, imodeli ye-DC-6 kanye nezinguqulo zayo ezimbili zokuthuthukiswa kwe-DC-6A Chief kanye ne-DC-6B Scout zaqala ukukhiqizwa (amayunithi angu-50 akhiwe ndawonye ne-prototype).