Amanani kaphethiloli e-Slovenia - Amanani aphezulu, kodwa hhayi ukujabulisa abathengisi.
Okuqukethwe
NgoSepthemba odlule, iSlovenia yaba elandelayo emazweni amaningi aseYurophu ishiya ukulawulwa kwamanani kawoyela kubuholi bezimakethe. Le yinqubo edlula iminyaka emine lapho uhulumeni esuse umthethonqubo wentengo kawoyela we-ultralight wokushisa, i-RON 2016 ne-RON okokuqala ngqa ngonyaka we-98. Lokhu kwalandelwa ukususwa komthethonqubo wentengo wawo wonke uphethiloli eziteshini zegesi eduze kwemigwaqo yezimoto ne-Expressways, bese ngomhlaka 100 Septhemba kukhanseliwe kuzo zonke ezinye iziteshi zokugcwalisa.
Ukwehliswa kwentengo kwenzeke rikakhulukazi esikhathini lapho thina eSlovenia - kanye nasemhlabeni jikelele - sibone amanani kawoyela ongahluziwe ehla izinyanga ezimbalwa.futhi amanani entengo kaphethiloli abekwa ku- € 95 nge-RON XNUMX kaphethiloli noma udizili ngemuva kwezinyanga ezithile zamaconsi abukhali. Ukwehla kwamanani, kunjalo, kungachazwa yisimo somhlaba jikelele, esiholele ekwehleni okukhulu kwesidingo somhlaba wonke semikhiqizo kaphethiloli. Ngakho-ke, izinkampani zikawoyela zazinophethiloli omningi ngokweqile ezazingenandawo yokugcina. Yize kuzwakala kungenangqondo, izindleko zikawoyela ongahluziwe ezimakethe zomhlaba zifinyelele kumanani amabi!
Ekupheleni kukaSepthemba, uhulumeni, njengoba sekushiwo, washiya ukulawula izintengo zemikhiqizo kaphethiloli ngokuphelele ekulawulweni kwezimakethe, kodwa waqinisekisa ukubuyiselwa kokulawulwa kokuhamba kwamanani emakethe uma kwenzeka kwenyuka amanani emakethe. ukukhuphuka kwamanani. Ngemuva kwalokho umqondo kahulumeni, uma uthi nhlá, wawusekelwa ngokungalindelekile yiTransport Section yeChamber of Commerce and Industry yaseSlovenia, bethi balindele ukwehla kwamanani emikhiqizo kawoyela. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iSlovenia Consumer Association (ZPS) yayingabaza kakhulu isinqumo sikahulumeni., njengoba bona, ngokungafani neChamber of Commerce and Industry, bazwakalise ukwesaba ngokukhuphuka kwamanani entengo - ekuqaleni lokhu kwabonakala kungafaneleki. Kodwa ngokushesha izinto zaqala ukushintsha kancane, futhi ngokuvumelana nokwesaba kweZPS.
Uma siqhathanisa amanani emikhiqizo kaphethiloli eSlovenia namuhla, siyakuthola lokho ukuthi intengo yabo ikhuphuke cishe ngamasenti angama-20 ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ezedlule (okuncane kancane kuphethiloli we-95, ngaphezulu kwedizili), abaningi sebeqalile ukubheka izigebengu. Okokugcina, ukubheka ngokushesha amanani kaphethiloli abahwebi bakawoyela abathathu abakhulu baseSlovenia - i-Petrol, i-OMV kanye ne-MOL - kuveza ukuhlangana kwentengo okubalulekile ezweni lonke (ngaphandle kwemigwaqo), umehluko onganaki, noma okungenani omncane kakhulu. kunalezo ezicashunwe abathengisi besaphulelo eziteshini zabo zesevisi.
Lokhu kudala ngokushesha isithombe sokuthi abadayisi kuphela ababhekene nalesi simo. Kepha ukubhekisisa izinombolo kukhombisa ukuthi ukukhuphuka kwamanani bekungewona umshayeli womthengisi kawoyela wokukhulisa inzuzo. Kungekudala ngemuva kokuqedwa kokulawulwa kwamanani entengo, isikhathi sokuvuka kwezomnotho saqala ngaphakathi ezweni nakwamanye amazwe, okwaholela ekwandeni kwesidingo semikhiqizo kaphethiloli hhayi ezweni kuphela, kodwa nasezimakethe zomhlaba.
Uma sibheka amandla entengo kawoyela ngonyaka owedlule, siyabona ukuthi intengo kawoyela ongahluziwe yafika kunani eliphansi nelingalungile ngo-Ephreli 20 nyakenye, bese kuthi, ngenxa yokwehliswa okukhulu kokumpompa, kwaxoxiswana ngokushesha ngokushesha namazwe e-OPEC neRussia. Ngakho-ke, ekuqaleni kukaJulayi, yaphinde yafinyelela enanini lika- $ 40 emgqonyeni kawoyela (amalitha ayi-159)..
NgoNovemba 34, intengo kawoyela, kucatshangelwa ukuwa ngezikhathi ezithile, kufaka phakathi ukuqala kwegagasi lesibili lo bhubhane, lapho intengo yehlela ku- $ 30 emgqonyeni ngamunye, yaguquguquka ebangeni kusuka ku- $ 40 kuya ku- $ XNUMX emgqonyeni, ngemuva kwalokho kwalandelwa kuphela ukwenyuka kwamanani okushesha kakhulu. Ekuqaleni kuka-Mashi, isivele ifinyelele ku-$ 68 emgqonyeni ngamunye, futhi ekupheleni kwenyanga yayiyi-$ 60 (lokhu kufana nokuthi, maphakathi neminyaka engu-20, kulungiswe ukwehla kwamandla emali).lapho i-US ihlaselwa yinkinga yokuqala kawoyela).
Ngakho-ke, imininingwane ikhombisa ukuthi intengo yamanje kawoyela ongahluziwe iyaqhathaniswa nentengo yonyaka omusha ka-2019/2020, lapho bekuvele kucacile ukuthi ubungozi besimo segciwane elisha bebusondela kithi buvela eChina, futhi lokhu kwenzeke okwamanje. kuyaziwa ukuthi ubhadane luzowuthinta kangakanani umhlaba. Ngasikhathi sinye, kunjalo, kunengqondo ukuqhathanisa amanani wemikhiqizo kawoyela eSlovenia ngaleso sikhathi nanamuhla.
Uphethiloli, i-OMV nabanye ngokuyisisekelo banonembeza omsulwa ...
Kusuka etafuleni lamanani entengo yemikhiqizo kaphethiloli esikhathini esivela ku-2007 kuya ku-2020, kungabonakala ukuthi intengo yokuthengisa kaphethiloli enesilinganiso se-octane sama-95 esikhathini sokuguquka kusuka ku-2019 kuye ku-2020 kwakungu-1,298 euros.... Inani likaphethiloli lalingaphansi ngamasenti ayi-1,2, kepha amanani ayelingana naweziteshi zakudala zokugcwalisa, hhayi ezenzekelayo ezisebenza ngamaketanga okuthengisa.. Sikhuluma, kunjalo, ngamanani eziteshini zikaphethiloli ngaphandle kwezitobhi zezimoto. Ekupheleni kuka-March walo nyaka, ngokunembile kakhulu ngeSonto, Mashi 28, intengo kaphethiloli enesilinganiso se-octane esingu-95 sisuka ku-1,159 saya ku-1,189 euros, kuyilapho intengo kaphethiloli we-diesel isuka ku-1,149 kuya ku-1.219 euros.
Ngasikhathi sinye, kuyacaca ukuthi uphethiloli oshibhile futhi obiza kakhulu ungatholakala eziteshini zegesi ezizenzakalelayo (zokuzisiza) zamaketanga okuthengisa - okokuqala kwakuyiHofer, kanti eyesibili iMercator nezinsizakalo zayo zeMaxEn. . . Uma kungenjalo, abahlinzeki abahlukahlukene eziteshini zabo zikaphethiloli ezweni lonke ngokuvamile banikeza uphethiloli ngamanani afanayo. ngenkathi ngalolo suku uPetrol ecela imali encane yelitha kaphethiloli wama-95 octane, okuyi- € 1,177. (I-OMV neMol 1,179), kanye nelitha likadizili i-OMV, okuyi-1,199 euros (uphethiloli kanye ne-mol 1,2 euros).
Ngakho-ke, ukuqhathanisa amanani entengo kaphethiloli kukhombisa ukuthi amanani entengo kaphethiloli namuhla entengo efanayo kawoyela ongahluziwe ezimakethe zomhlaba ngokwesilinganiso aphansi cishe ngamasenti ayi-10 kunangonyaka omuhle nekota edlule; Umehluko mkhulu kancane kukaphethiloli we-RON 95 futhi ungaphansi kukadizili, osheshe washesha ngentengo muva nje.
Kuyacaca ngokushesha kule mininingwane engenhla ukuthi abadayisi bakawoyela eSlovenia abayona into efanele ukugxekwa ngenxa yamanani entengo aphezulu, kepha-ke sicele bobathathu abathengisi abakhulu bakawoyela eSlovenia ukuthi baphawule ngesimo esikhona njengamanje; nguPhethroli no-OMV kuphela abaphendule imibuzo yethu, noMol wenqaba ukusebenzisana.
Egameni likaPetrol kanye ne-OMV, zombili izinkampani zisungule indlela yokubeka amanani entengo yemikhiqizo kaphethiloli, nokho, engeke idalulwe ngenxa yemithetho yokuvikela ukuncintisana. Zombili lezi zinkampani nazo ziyenqena ukuphawula ngamanani kagesi, njengoba intengo kawoyela ongahluziwe isivele ithonywe yizici ezahlukahlukene (ikakhulukazi inani lokushintshaniswa kwedola), kanti intengo yokuthengisa yemikhiqizo kaphethiloli eSlovenia iqukethe imisebenzi ehlukahlukene nentela yezimpahla, okungenzeka shintsha.
Ngasikhathi sinye, i-OMV ichaza isitatimende esishiwo ngenhla sokuthi amanani kawoyela ongahluziwe afinyelele ezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu selokhu kwaqubuka lesi sifo ekuqaleni kwenyanga kaMashi, evumelana nombono we-Organisation of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), ebikezela ukwanda kwesidingo uwoyela ongahluziwe ezimakethe zomhlaba. I-OMV ayidaluli inani UPetrol umemezele ukuthi uthengise cishe amathani ayizigidi ezintathu emikhiqizo kaphethiloli ngo-2020, ehlise ngamaphesenti ayi-19 kusuka ngo-2019 namaphesenti ayi-13 ngaphansi kwalokhu obekuhleliwe.
Ukukhululeka okuphelele kwamanani emikhiqizo kawoyela kuhlolwe kahle yizo zombili izinkampani, njengoba kulandela izitayela emazweni angomakhelwane, lapho lo mkhuba ubusaziwa isikhathi eside. UPetrol unezela ngokuthi balulungele lolu shintsho njengoba bebekhona ezimakethe lapho lo mkhuba usuvele ususetshenzisiwe isikhathi esithile (hhayi i-OMV) nje kuphela, futhi unezela ngokuthi isisombululo esinjalo sisho ukuthi sisiza namakhasimende. kube lula ngabo ukunquma ukuthi bazopompa kuphi uphethiloli.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-OMV, iyanezela ukuthi iSlovenia izwe lokuhamba, okusho ukuthi lingakwazi Abadayisi bakawoyela manje bayashesha ukuzivumelanisa namanani emikhiqizo kawoyela kwamanye amazwe, ngakho-ke, (p) futhi kuhlala kuthakazelisa kubashayeli noma izimoto ezivele ziwele izwe lethu futhi zingama ngaphambi kokungena noma ukuphuma ezweni.
Ukukhula okuqhubekayo kukhishwa cishe kancane
UBoštyan Okorn, oyinhloko yomnyango wokuhlola izimpahla kanye nezinsizakalo ze-Consumer Association of Slovenia, naye uthi ukukhuphuka kwentengo kaphethiloli yikhona okubangele ukunyuka kwamanani ezimakethe zomhlaba. Ngokusho kuka-Okorn, intengo kawoyela ongahluziwe ikhuphuke ngamaphesenti angama-2020 ukusuka ngoNovemba 2021 kuya ekupheleni kukaMashi 70, yize kwehle kancane ezinsukwini ezisanda kwedlula, okwenza kuqondakale ngokukhuphuka kwamanani entengo ngalesi sikhathi. Kodwa-ke, uyanezela ukuthi ukukhululeka kwemakethe yomkhiqizo kaphethiloli kwenze ushintsho lwentengo lwavela kakhulu.
Ngesikhathi lapho amanani kaphethiloli ayebekwa nguhulumeni, sasithola izinguquko njalo ngemva kwezinsuku eziyi-14, ngakho abathengi abazange bahlangabezane nezinguquko ezimaphakathi emananini kaphethiloli okudayisa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngokulungisa izinga lentela, uhulumeni ube nendlela yokunciphisa izinguquko ezinkulu emananini kaphethiloli - kokubili endabeni yamanani aphansi naphezulu. Tuma, ngokwesibonelo, kuze kube sekupheleni konyaka we-2014, lapho intengo kaphethiloli wama-95 octane yayisondela ku-1,5 euros ilitha ngalinye likaphethiloli, umbuso uthathe cishe ama-euro angu-0,56.; NgoMeyi wonyaka odlule, le mali yayingama-euro angu-0,51, kwathi ngoSepthemba, ngaphambi kokukhululeka, yayingama-euro angu-0,37 kuphela. Ngaso leso sikhathi, u-Okorn wengeza ngokuthi isilinganiso senani lentengo yemikhiqizo kaphethiloli phakathi kwabahlinzeki basekhaya nabahlinzeki emazweni angomakhelwane belilokhu lihlala lingashintshile.
U-Okorn uphinde wathinta okungalindelwa ngokuzayo endaweni yamanani kawoyela. Yize evumelana nombono wabathengisi bakawoyela ababili abakhulu kunabo bonke mayelana nokungabongi kwezibikezelo zamandla entengo kaphethiloli, ukholelwa ukuthi ukwanda okukhulu kwamanani emikhiqizo kawoyela akusalindelekile esikhathini esizayo. Esikhathini esifushane, lokhu kuzosizakala ngokuphela kobusika (okusho ukwehla kwesidingo semikhiqizo kawoyela yokushisa) kanye nenkinga yezomnotho encane, ngokombono wakhe, ezolandela maduzane.
Ngakho-ke kulo nyaka, ukukhuphuka kwentengo okungaphezulu kuka-10 noma ngisho amasenti ayi-15 kuzoba isimanga esikhulu.... Ngasikhathi sinye, izintengo zemikhiqizo kaphethiloli kulindeleke ukuthi zihlale zingaphansi kwama-1,5 euros ilitha likaphethiloli ngokuzayo, okuzosizakala ngofakelo lwezimoto ezintsha (futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ukwehla kwesidingo semikhiqizo kaphethiloli) . Kodwa-ke, kuyiqiniso ukuthi ezingeni le-EU kusalungiswa lokho okubizwa nge-European Green Agreement, okushiwo okungenzeka kube nentela eyengeziwe kumafutha ezimoto ukusheshisa ukudlulela ezimotweni ezifakwe ugesi.
Yize i-Okorn ingakhombisi abathengisi bakawoyela ngenxa yokunyuka kwamanani entengo muva nje, uxwayisa ngokuthi, njengaphesheya kwezilwandle, kufanele kubhalwe izimpawu eceleni kwemigwaqo emikhulu, lapho kuzobhalwa khona amanani kaphethiloli ngokulandela amagalaji amaningi kagesi, futhi ngasikhathi sinye, bebeka ama-totem eziteshini azokhombisa abashayeli amanani entengo kagesi ngaphambi kokuthi baphakamise isibambo sikakhreyamu egalaji likaphethiloli. Okokugcina, kuzoholela nasekuhlanganisweni kwamanani eziteshini zezinsizakalo zabahlinzeki abahlukahlukene.
Inani lamafutha akhishwe nalo libucayi.
Vele, intengo kawoyela ongahluziwe ibuye ithonywe kakhulu inani likawoyela ongahluziwe izinkampani zikawoyela ezimpompa emhlabeni wonke. Okokugcina, lokhu kungenye yezizathu zokwehla ngokushesha kwamanani entwasahlobo edlule nokukhula okusheshayo ekupheleni konyaka. Yize ubhadane lukhukhule umhlaba ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo futhi luhambisana nokwehla kwesidingo somhlaba wonke semikhiqizo kaphethiloli, kwaba ngoMeyi kuphela, lapho intengo kawoyela ifinyelela zero, lapho imidondoshiya kawoyela yanquma ukunciphisa kakhulu umthamo kawoyela owakhiqizwa.
Uma ngo-Ephreli 30 ukukhiqizwa kukawoyela nsuku zonke emhlabeni kwakuyimiphongolo eyizigidi ezingu-82,83, ngakho-ke ngenyanga kwakuyimiphongolo eyizigidi ezingu-71,45 kuphela. (isigidi esisodwa ngaphansi ngenyanga). Ekupheleni konyaka, ivolumu yabe isinyuka kancane futhi, kepha “kuphela” yaba yimigqomo eyizigidi ezingama-75,94, okuncane kakhulu kunakuqala eminyakeni emihlanu eyedlule, lapho ivolumu isizungeze cishe ngaphandle kwemigqomo engaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-80 ngosuku.
Izici eziningana zithinta intengo.
Intengo yokuthengisa kaphethiloli (ngaphezu kwentengo yokuthenga kaphethiloli) yakhiwe ngezinto eziningana, inani (noma isabelo) salo esinqunywa ngumthetho. Lokhu:
- Intela ye-CO2: intela ekungcolisweni komoya ngokukhishwa kwe-carbon dioxide.
- Umnikelo we-EAEU: Umnikelo ekusebenzeni kwamandla (kusukela ngo-2010).
- Umnikelo we-RES ne-CHP; Igalelo lokuxhasa ukukhiqizwa kukagesi kusuka ekuzihlanganiseni okusebenza kahle kakhulu nasemithonjeni yamandla avuselelekayo (kusukela ngoJuni 2014).
- Intela yentela: yamandla.
- I-VAT: inani lentela elengeziwe.
- Intengo yokugcina: intengo yokuthengisa.
Ngakho-ke, ngokwenza, ilitha ka-RON 95 kaphethiloli ikhokhiswa intela ngokwendlela elandelayo:
| Intengo yemikhiqizo kaphethiloli eSlovenia | |||||||
| 2020 | |||||||
| Akunasibopho | Intela yokukhishwa kwe-CO2 | Umnikelo we-EAEU | Umnikelo we-RES ne-CHP | Umsebenzi wentela | НДС | Intengo yokugcina | |
| 95 euro (i-euro / ilitha) | 0,391 | 0,040 | 0,007 | 0,008 | 0,428 | 0,193 | 1,069 |
ISlovenia phakathi kwezishibhile
Ngemuva kokwehla okubukhali kwamanani ngaphansi konyaka odlule, lokhu ISlovenia yaba ngelinye lamazwe aseYurophu ngamanani aphansi kakhulu kaphethiloli futhi igcina lesi simo kuze kube namuhla. Ngamanani aphansi angaphansi nje kuka- € 1,16 ilitha lika-RON 95 kaphethiloli (aqala ukusebenza maphakathi no-Mashi), iba phakathi kwe-15 emazweni angama-45 aseYurophu futhi ibuye ibe eshibhe kakhulu esifundeni. Ngenani lika- € 1,18, iHungary iyona esondele kakhulu emazweni angomakhelwane, ilandelwa yi-Austria (€ 1,18 ilitha), i-Austria (€ 1,22), iCroatia (€ 1,35) ne-Italy ngo- € 1,62 ilitha. ilitha likaphethiloli wama-95 lithatha indawo yama-43. Ngakho-ke, lolu hlobo lukaphethiloli lubiza kakhulu ePortugal naseNetherlands, lapho ilitha ka-95 octane kaphethiloli libiza u-1,65 no-1,85 euros, ngokulandelana.
