Abathwali bezisebenzi ezihlomile i-M2, M3/M5/M9

Abathwali bezisebenzi ezihlomile M2, M3/M5/M9 Imoto eyi-Half-track M2 Imoto eyi-Half-track M2A1 I-Half-track Personnel Carrier M3 I-Half-track Personnel Carrier M5 Imoto eyi-Half-track M9 Phakathi neMpi Yezwe Yesibili, imboni yase-US yakhiqiza inani elikhulu labathwali bezisebenzi ezihlomile - ezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezingama-41. Izithwali zezisebenzi ezihlomile ezikhiqizwayo zazicishe zibe nezici ezifanayo futhi ziyingxenye yochungechunge olune oluyinhloko: M2, M3, M5 kanye ne-M9. Uchungechunge ngalunye lwaba nezinguqulo eziningana. Yonke imishini yadalwa ngokusetshenziswa okubanzi kwamayunithi ezimoto, inesisindo esingamathani ayi-8-9 kanye nomthamo womthwalo ongamathani angu-1,5. Inqola yabo yangaphansi yayisebenzisa amathrekhi enjoloba aqiniswa insimbi, amasondo omgwaqo anobubanzi obuncane kanye ne-asi yangaphambili enokushayela futhi. amasondo okuqondisa. Ukuze kwandiswe ikhono lokuwela izwe, bahlonyiswe ngamawintshi okuzivuselela. Amawintshi ayeshayelwa yinjini. I-armored hull yayivuliwe phezulu, amapuleti ezikhali ayetholakala ngaphandle komthambeko onengqondo. Ipuleti lezikhali langaphambili le-cockpit, elifakwe izikhala zokubuka, njengomthetho, lingagoqwa futhi limiswe ngokuvundlile kuma-racks. Ukungena nokuphuma kwabasebenzi kanye nendawo yokuhlala, bekunezicabha ezimbili endaweni yabashayeli kanye nomnyango owodwa epuleti lezikhali elingemuva. Izikhali, njengomthetho, zazihlanganisa isibhamu somshini esisodwa esingu-12,7-mm esibekwe ku-turret eduze kwekhebhu yomshayeli, kanye nesibhamu somshini esingu-7,62-mm epuleti le-armor elingemuva. Izinkampani ezithwala izikhali ezihlomile zizibonakalisa njengezimoto ezilula nezithembekile. Ububi bazo bekuwukungakwazi ukuhamba kahle endaweni engalungile kanye nokumiswa okungaphumelelanga kokuvikela izikhali. I-Half-track transporter i-M2 Inkampani ethwala izikhali i-M2, eyayithuthukiswe i-T14, yayifakwe injini ye-White 160AX, kuyilapho i-T14 yayinenjini emhlophe engu-20A enamakhanda amise okwe-L. Injini emhlophe engu-160AX ikhethwe ezinhlotsheni ezintathu zezinjini ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokuthembeka kwayo okukhethekile. Ukuze kube lula ukuklama komshini, i-axle yangaphambili nesiteringi kwenziwa cishe kufane nakuloli. I-gearbox inezivinini ezinhlanu - ezine ukuya phambili nelilodwa elibuyela emuva. Isiteringi singakwesokunxele. Ukumiswa kwangemuva - i-Timken 56410-BX-67 enethrekhi yenjoloba. Isibungu siwukuphonswa kwenjoloba, okwenziwe ku-armature ngendlela yezintambo futhi ifakwe iziqondiso zensimbi. Emgwaqweni onguthelawayeka, i-M2 yashesha yafinyelela ku-72 km / h, nakuba ingekho emgwaqeni ihamba kancane kakhulu. Isakhiwo semoto elandelwa kancane ngokuvamile sifana nesakhiwo semoto enamasondo i-M3A1 Scout. Ngokujwayelekile abantu abayishumi babekwe ngemuva - abathathu ngaphambili nabayisikhombisa ngemuva. I-control compartment inezihlalo ezimbili ngaphezulu, esokunxele ngesomshayeli nesokudla esomgibeli. Phakathi kwezihlalo ezimbili eziphambili kakhulu, kufakwe esinye isihlalo esine-shift back. Kwesokudla nakwesokunxele salesi sihlalo kukhona amabhokisi amakhulu emithwalo. Isihlalo esimaphakathi sibekwe cishe phakathi nobude bomshini. Izivalo zamabhokisi emithwalo zenziwe ngama-hinged, ngaphezu kwalokho, ukufinyelela ezingxenyeni zemithwalo kungenziwa ngokusebenzisa ama-hatches ezindongeni ze-hull. Ngemuva kwezihlalo ezingakwesokudla nesobunxele kunamathangi amabili amakhulu kaphethiloli. Amathangi enziwe ngensimbi ejwayelekile yesakhiwo, kodwa afakwe irabha eziqinisayo uma eshaywa yizinhlamvu. Izikhali eziyinhloko zifakwe kumzila wesitimela ohamba eduze komkhawulo wendawo yangaphakathi yezindonga zomzimba. Ngokusemthethweni, imoto ibihlome ngesibhamu esisodwa esingu-12,7 mm kanye ne-7,62 mm eyodwa. Ngaphambili, izisebenzi zihlomile zithwala abasebenzi abahlomile ngokusemandleni abo nangamakhono abo. Ngaphandle kwama-rails, isibhamu somshini sasifakwe ku-turret ebekwe phambi kwesihlalo esiphakathi sangaphambili. Umzimba wemoto wenziwe ngamapuleti ezikhali ezigoqiwe anogqinsi luka-6,3 mm. Amapuleti ezikhali aboshwe ohlakeni lwensimbi ngamabhawudi anekhanda eliqanda. Ubukhulu bama-flap epuleti le-armor elingaphambili lomzimba buyi-12,5 mm. Ukuze ufinyelele imoto ezinhlangothini zomzimba, endaweni yegumbi lokulawula, iminyango yohlobo lwemoto yenziwa. Ukufika nokumbiwa nakho kwenziwa phezulu kwezindonga zomzimba. Izicabha ezingemuva kwesikebhe azikwazanga ukwenziwa ngenxa yokuba khona kukajantshi oqondisa izibhamu. Epuleti lezivimbelo elingaphambili lomzimba, kukhona inethiwekhi yezicabha ezimbili ezihlomile ezincike kumahinge ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukubonakala kukhebhu. Ama-slots okubuka amancane ahlelwe kuma-hatches, wona, avaliwe ngama-valve. Izingxenye ezingenhla zeminyango zenziwe ukugoqa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukubonakala. I-radiator imbozwe ngezimpumputhe ze-armored ezifakwe odongeni lwangaphambili lwe-hood. Izimpumputhe ziyaphenduka. Ukukhiqizwa okuwuchungechunge kwezithwali zabasebenzi abahlomile be-M2 kwaqala entwasahlobo ka-1941 futhi kwaqhubeka kwaze kwaba sekupheleni kuka-1943. Isamba sezimpahla ezithwala izikhali eziyi-11415 M2 zakhiqizwa. Ama-White Motors kanye ne-Autocar, amafemu amabili, abambe iqhaza ekwakhiweni kwezimoto ezithwala izikhali ezihlomile ze-M2. Inkampani emhlophe ilethe izimoto ezingama-8423 ekhasimendeni, inkampani ye-Autocar - 2992. Ekuqaleni, izimoto ze-M2 kwakuhlelwe ukuthi zisetshenziswe njengogandaganda bezikhali kanye nezokuthutha izinhlamvu. Umthamo olinganiselwe wemoto - abantu abayishumi - awuzange uvumele umthwali oyedwa ohlomile ukuba athwale lonke iqembu lamasosha ahamba ngezinyawo. Ngokufika kwabathwali bezikhali, izinguquko zenziwa kumaqhinga ezenzo ze-American "armored infantry", izimoto ze-M2 zaqala ukusetshenziselwa ukuthutha iqembu lezibhamu zomshini, futhi ngaphambi kokufika kwezimoto ezihlomile ze-M8, emayunithi okuhlola. . I-M2A1 yenethiwekhi yezisebenzi zezikhali ezilandelwa kancane Ama-rails-guides ngaphansi kwezikhali ezimeni zokulwa abonakale engalungile. Ku-prototype ye-M2E6 esikhundleni sesitimela, i-M32 annular turret yafakwa, eyayisetshenziswa emalolini ezempi. I-turret ibekwe ngaphezu kwesihlalo esingaphambili esingakwesokudla endaweni yokulawula. Kwabe sekufika isibhamu esithuthukisiwe esiyiring machine i-turret M49, esigcine siyisusile inkinga yezinsimbi eziqondisayo. Ku-M49 kwafakwa izibhamu ezimbili zomshini ngesikhathi esisodwa - izinga elilodwa le-12,7 mm kanye ne-7,62-mm caliber eyodwa. Isiphathi sezisebenzi esihlomile esinomshini wesibhamu sonyaka saqokwa i-M2A1. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-serial kwemishini ye-M2A1 kwenziwa kusukela ekupheleni kuka-1943 kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-1944. I-White kanye ne-Avkarkar banikeze izimoto eziyi-1643 M2A1 ze-half-track. Kunguqulo ye-M2A1, cishe ama-M5000 akhiwe ngaphambilini angaba ngu-2 ashintshiwe. I-Half-track ye-armored yabasebenzi be-MZ Isithwali sabasebenzi esihlomile se-M3 sibukeka sifana kakhulu nesandulelayo i-M2. Amaphethelo angaphambili ale mishini, okuhlanganisa nezingxenye zokulawula, ayafana nje. I-M3 yinde kancane kune-M2. Emaceleni alo mzimba i-M3 awekho amachashazi afakwa imithwalo njengoba kwenzeka ku-M2. Ngaphakathi, i-M3 ihluke kakhulu kune-M2. Endaweni yokulawula, isihlalo esimaphakathi siyiswa phambili, sihambisane nezihlalo zomshayeli nezabagibeli. Amathangi kaphethiloli nawo ayiswa phambili lapho imithwalo ibiku-M2. Iphakathi, ibuyele emuva, isihlalo esingemuva siyaqedwa. Esikhundleni sesihlalo, i-pedestal yakhelwe i-turret yesibhamu somshini, i-turret inikeza ukufakwa kwesibhamu esisodwa se-12,7-mm noma 7,62-mm. Emzimbeni, ohlangothini ngalunye, kunezihlalo ezinhlanu, ezibhekene ne-axis longitudinal yomshini. Izingxenye zemithwalo zihlelwa ngaphansi kwezihlalo. Njengoba i-M3 yaqale yaklanywa njengendlela yokuthwala izingane, kwenziwa isicabha odongeni olungemuva lomzimba. Ngemuva kwezihlalo ezintathu zangemuva ohlangothini ngalunye kunendawo yokugcina izibhamu. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ikhono lokuwela izwe lokuwela izindawo ezimbi kakhulu, irola lixhunywa kubhampa wemoto yezikhali i-M3. Esikhundleni se-roller, kungenzeka ukufaka i-winch, eyenzelwe ngokuyinhloko ukuzidonsa komshini. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-serial ye-half-track MZ kwenziwa ngo-1941 -1943 ngu-White, Avtokar kanye ne-Diamond T. Ingqikithi yezimoto ezingu-12499 zakhiwa, ezinye zazo zathuthukiswa enguqulweni ye-M3A1. Nakuba umkhumbi wezempi we-M3 wawuhloselwe ukuthutha iqembu lamasosha ahamba ngezinyawo, wawusetshenziswa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene. Njenge-M2, ama-M3 asebenza njengogandaganda bezikhali nabathuthi bezinhlamvu, kuyilapho ama-M3 asetshenziswa njengama-ambulensi, izimoto zokuyala nokulawula, kanye nezimoto zokukhanda. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngesisekelo senguqulo yokuqala ye-M3, kunezinketho eziningi ezikhethekile ezithuthukisiwe. I-M3A1 Njenge-M2, uhlelo lokukhweza izikhali lubonakale lunganele. Ngenxa "yezidingo zomugqa wangaphambili", kwavela umshini wokuhlola we-M2E6, ofakwe i-M49 turret, efana ne-M2A1. Kunengqondo ukuthi umthwali we-M3 wezempi ophethe i-M49 ring turret waqala ukuqokwa i-M3A1. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-serial kwaqhubeka ngo-1943-1944 ngu-White, Autocar kanye ne-Diamond T, izimoto ezingu-2862 zakhiwa. Inani elikhulu lama-M3 akhiwe ngaphambilini athuthukiswa afinyelela ezingeni le-M1A2. I-M3A2 Ekuqaleni kuka-1943, i-Armaments Directorate yazama ukuhlanganisa imishini ye-M2 ne-M3 ibe inguqulo eyodwa. I-prototype yaqokwa i-T29. Imoto yalungiselelwa ukuhlolwa entwasahlobo ka-1943. Ngo-Okthoba, yanconywa ukukhiqizwa kwe-serial ngaphansi kwegama elithi M3A2. Kodwa-ke, ngalesi sikhathi isidingo sezimoto ezihlomile ezilandelwa isigamu sesilahlekelwe ukuphuthuma, ngakho ukukhiqizwa kwe-serial ye-M3A2 akuzange kuqalwe. Umehluko omkhulu wangaphandle phakathi kwe-M3A2 ne-M3A1 ubukhona besihlangu se-armored se-annular bullet turret. Kwakungenzeka ukuqaqa ngokushesha izihlalo emzimbeni. Imoto ye-armored eyi-M9 ne-M5 half-track armored Ngemva kokuba i-US ingene empini, isizathu esisemthethweni okwaba ukuhlasela kwamaJapane ePearl Harbor, eWashington yaqala ukusebenzisa uhlelo lwe- “Arsenal of Democracy” ukuze kuhlinzekwe abalingani baseMelika izikhali nemishini yezempi. . Amafemu amathathu abambe iqhaza ekukhiqizeni abathwali bezisebenzi ezihlomile ze-half-track abakwazanga ukuhlinzeka bonke abalingani base-US ngemishini yalolu hlobo. Kwanqunywa ukuthi kufakwe i-International Harvester Company ekukhiqizeni, ngesikhathi esifanayo kwanqunywa ukuthambisa izidingo "zokufana" zabathwali bezisebenzi ezihlomile ezikhiqizwa izinkampani ezahlukene. Ushintsho oluyinhloko lokuklama kwaba ukushintshwa kwamapuleti ezikhali eziqinile asetshenziswa ezithwala izisebenzi ezihlomile ze-M2/M3 ezinamapuleti ezikhali alinganayo. Lawa mapuleti ezikhali awugqinsi angu-5/16-intshi abenokumelana nezinhlamvu okubi kakhulu kunamapuleti ezikhali aqinile. I-International Harvester Company yavunyelwa ukusebenzisa inqwaba yezingxenye zokuqala nemincane, kuhlanganise nenjini, emishinini yokwakhiwa kwayo. Izinhlobonhlobo ezimbili zagunyazwa ukukhiqizwa kwe-serial - i-M2E5 ne-M3E2, ngokulandelana, ithole igama elithi M9 kanye ne-M5. Kube nomehluko omningi wangaphandle phakathi kwemishini ye-M9 ne-M5 kozakwabo i-M2 ne-M3. Umshini we-M9 awuzange uhluke ngobude kubathwali bezisebenzi zezikhali ze-M3 kanye ne-M5 futhi awuzange ube nezimbobo zokufinyelela ezingxenyeni zemithwalo ezinhlangothini. Yomibili le mishini i-M5 ne-M9 yayifakwe ezimweni eziningi ezinezimpaphe, hhayi eziyindilinga (uhlobo lwezimoto), amaphiko. Ngokungafani ne-M2, i-M9 yayinomnyango ngemuva komzimba. Ngaphandle, i-M5 ne-M9 ayihlukaniseki, wonke umehluko ungaphakathi. Ngokufana nemishini ye-M2 kanye ne-M3, imishini ye-M5 ne-M9 yashintshwa ukuze ifake i-turret yesibhamu somshini we-M49. ngemva kwalokho i-nx yaqala ukuqokwa njenge-M5A1 kanye ne-M9A1. Ngenxa yomehluko omkhulu wokuklama ezimotweni ze-M2 kanye ne-M3 ezamukelwa yi-US Army, izimoto ze-M5 ne-M9 zanikezwa abalingani njengengxenye ye-Lend-Lease, nakuba ezinye zazo ziputshukele embuthweni waseMelika. I-Firm International Harvester Company ngo-1942-1944 yakha imishini engu-11017 i-M5 ne-M9, kuhlanganise ne-M9 - 2026, M9A1 - 1407, M5 - 4625 kanye ne-M5A1 - 2959. I-M5A2 Ngo-1943, i-Armaments Directorate yazama ukuhlanganisa imikhumbi yezempi yezempi yase-US Army. I-prototype M31, okwakuyi-hybrid ye-M5 ne-M9, yanconyelwa ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi ngaphansi kwegama elithi M5A2. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-serial kwezimoto ze-M5A2 akuzange kuqale ngenxa yokuncipha kwesidingo sabathwali bezisebenzi ezihlomile ezine-half track. Izici zokusebenza Ukulwa nesisindo I-8,6 T Ubukhulu:   isikhathi 6150 mm ububanzi 2200 mm ukuphakama 2300 mm Abasebenzi + abafikayo 2 + 10 abantu Impi 1 х 12,7 mm isibhamu somshini 1 х 7,62 mm isibhamu somshini Izinhlamvu Imijikelezo engu-700 ye-12,7mm 8750 imijikelezo engu-7,62mm Ukubhuka:   ingquza ebunzini 12,1 mm umbhoshongo ebunzini 6,3 mm uhlobo lwenjini carburetor "International" Amandla aphezulu 141hp Максимальная скорость I-68 km / h Ukugcina amandla 36 km Imithombo: M. Baryatinsky abathwali bezisebenzi zaseMelika ezihlomile zeMpi Yezwe Yesibili; GL Kholiavsky. Encyclopedia of armored izikhali kanye nemishini; I-US Army Half-Track Armored Vehicles [Izimoto Zezempi # 091]; Janda, Patryk (2009). I-Half-Track vol. mina; I-RP Hunnicutt Half-Track: Umlando Wezimoto ZaseMelika Ezilandelwa Ngaphakathi; UJim Mesko: I-M3 Half-Track in Action; USteve Zaloga: M3 Infantry Halftrack 1940-1973.