I-British Expeditionary Force eFrance ngo-1940.
Ukudubula kwe-Anti-tank ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca kweBritish Expeditionary Force ngaphambi kokuhlasela kwamaJalimane ngoMeyi 1940.
IBrithani neFrance zazilindele ukuthi imisebenzi yezempi eMpini Yezwe II ifane neyango-1914-1918. Kwabikezelwa ukuthi esigabeni sokuqala kuzoba nempi yokuqothula, futhi kamuva ama-Allies azokwazi ukwethula ukuhlasela okuzothatha izinyanga eziningi. Ngokwenza kanjalo, kwakudingeka babhekane nezinyathelo ezisheshayo. Esinye sezisulu zokuqala kwakuyibutho laseBrithani, "eliphuma ngaphandle" ezwenikazi ngemva kwamasonto amathathu okulwa.
IBritish Expeditionary Force (BEF) yadalwa ngoSepthemba 1, 1939 ngemuva kokuhlasela kwamaJalimane ePoland, kodwa ayizange ivele ekuqaleni. Ukuhlasela kwe-Italy e-Ethiopia, ukukhuphuka kwe-Wehrmacht kanye nokuvuselelwa kwe-Rhineland yiJalimane kwakubeka kwacaca ukuthi umyalelo we-Versailles usuphelile. Impi yaseJalimane yayivuseleleka ngokushesha, futhi ukungezwani phakathi kweFrance neGreat Britain kwakungenakugwenywa. Ngo-April 15-16, 1936, abameleli bezisebenzi ezivamile zayo yomibili imibuso baba nezingxoxo eLondon. Nakhu ukuhlehla okuncane.
Ngaleso sikhathi, i-French Major General of the Army kanye ne-British Imperial General Staff basebenza kuphela njenge-High Command of the Land Forces. Amasosha asolwandle ayenekomkhulu lawo, i-État-major de la Marine eFrance kanye ne-Admiralty Naval Staff, ngaphezu kwalokho, e-UK ayengaphansi kwezinye izinkonzo, i-War Office kanye ne-Admiralty (eFrance kwakukhona eyodwa, u-Ministre de la Défense Nationale et de la Guerre , okungukuthi ukuvikela izwe kanye nempi). Womabili la mazwe ayenekomkhulu lebutho lezindiza ezimele, eFrance i-État-Major de l'Armée de l'Air, futhi e-UK ikomkhulu lebutho lezindiza (elingaphansi koMnyango Wezomoya). Kuyafaneleka ukwazi ukuthi yayingekho indlunkulu ehlanganisiwe enhloko yawo wonke amabutho ahlomile. Kodwa-ke, kwakuyindlunkulu yamabutho aphansi ayebaluleke kakhulu kuleli cala, okungukuthi, mayelana nokusebenza ezwenikazi.
Amasosha aseBrithani anesibhamu se-anti-tank esingu-1934 mm Hotchkiss mle 25, esasisetshenziswa kakhulu izinkampani ezilwa namathangi.
Umphumela wezivumelwano kwaba isivumelwano lapho iGreat Britain, uma kwenzeka impi neJalimane, yayizothumela izindiza zayo ezingaphansi komhlaba kanye nezindiza ezisekelayo eFrance. Ingxenye yomhlaba yayizoba ngaphansi kokulawulwa kokusebenza komyalo wamaFulentshi emhlabeni, kuyilapho umkhuzi webutho laseBrithani elinezingxabano, ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, wayenelungelo lokudlulisa isinqumo somkhuzi wakhe waseFrance kuhulumeni waseBrithani. I-air contingent yayizosebenza egameni lomyalo webutho laseBrithani, ngokusebenza ngaphansi kwayo, nakuba umlawuli wengxenye yomoya wayenelungelo lokukhalaza endlunkulu yezomoya izinqumo zokusebenza zomphathi wezwe waseBrithani eFrance. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, yayingekho ngaphansi kokulawulwa yi-French Armée de l'Air. Ngo-May 1936, imibhalo esayiniwe yashintshaniswa ngeNxusa LaseBrithani eParis.
Mayelana nokusebenza olwandle nolwandle, indlunkulu yemikhumbi emibili kamuva yavumelana ukuthi iNorth Sea, i-Atlantic kanye ne-Eastern Mediterranean izodluliselwa ku-Royal Navy, kanye ne-Bay of Biscay kanye ne-Western Mediterranean ku-National Marines. Kusukela ngesikhathi lesi sivumelwano sifinyelelwa ngaso, la mabutho amabili aqala ukushintshana ngolwazi oluthile lokuvikela omunye nomunye. Isibonelo, i-British Defence Attaché, uColonel Frederick G. Beaumont-Nesbitt, waba ngowokuqala wangaphandle ukuboniswa izinqaba ngaseMaginot Line. Nokho, imininingwane yezinhlelo zokuvikela ayizange idalulwe. Nokho, noma kunjalo, amaFulentshi ayenamandla ngokwanele ukuxosha ukuhlasela okungenzeka kwaseJalimane, futhi abaseBrithani kwakudingeka basekele umzamo wokuzivikela waseBelgium endaweni yawo, beshiya ukulwa eFrance kumaFulentshi kuphela. Iqiniso lokuthi iJalimane lalizohlasela ngeBelgium, njengaseMpini Yezwe I, lathathwa kalula.
Ngo-1937, uNgqongqoshe Wezempi waseBrithani uLesley Hore-Belisha naye wavakashela iMaginot Line. Ngawo lowo nyaka, kwaqala ukushintshaniswa kwezobunhloli eJalimane phakathi kwekomkhulu lezempi laseFrance neGreat Britain. Lapho, ngo-April 1938, uNobhala uHore-Belisha evakashela eFrance okwesibili, emhlanganweni noJenene Maurice Gamelin, wezwa ukuthi amaNgisi kufanele athumele ingxenye yemishini ukusiza iBelgium, eyayingenawo amabutho ayo ahlomile.
Ngaphandle kwezimemezelo zezombangazwe zempi ehlanganyelwe neJalimane, ukuhlela ngokucophelela kwezempi akuzange kuqale kwaze kwaba ngu-1938 ngenxa yeNkathazo yaseMunich. Ngesikhathi senhlekelele, uGeneral Gamelin weza eLondon ezobika ukuthi iFrance yayihlela izenzo ezihlaselayo ngokumelene neJalimane uma kwenzeka ihlaselwa yiCzechoslovakia, ukuze kuncishiswe ubunzima kwezokuvikela zaseCzechoslovak. Ebusika, amasosha kwakufanele ahoxe ngemuva kweMaginot Line, futhi entwasahlobo ayezohlasela i-Italy uma iphuma ngasohlangothini lweJalimane. U-Gamelin umeme i-Great Britain ukuthi isekele lezi zenzo ngokwayo. Lesi siphakamiso samangaza abaseBrithani, kuze kube manje abakholelwa ukuthi uma kwenzeka ukuhlasela kweJalimane, iFrance izovala ngemuva kwezinqaba futhi ngeke ithathe isinyathelo esicasulayo. Kodwa-ke, njengoba wazi, impi yokuvikela iCzechoslovakia ayizange ibe khona futhi lolu hlelo aluzange lusetshenziswe. Nokho, isimo saba sibi kangangokuthi kwanqunywa ukuthi kwase kuyisikhathi sokuqala ukuhlela okuningiliziwe nokulungiselela.
Ekupheleni kuka-1938, ngaphansi kokuqondisa komqondisi wokuhlela weHhovisi Lezempi, uMajor General, kwaqala izingxoxo mayelana nobukhulu nokubunjwa kwamasosha aseBrithani. Leonard A. Howes. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi umqondo wokuthumela amasosha eFrance wawunabaphikisi abaningi eGreat Britain ngakho-ke ukukhetha amayunithi okuthumela eZwenikazi kwakunzima. Ngo-January 1939, izingxoxo zezisebenzi zaqala kabusha, kulokhu ingxoxo yemininingwane yase iqalile kakade. Ngomhla zingama-22 kuNhlolanja, uhulumeni waseBrithani wagunyaza uhlelo lokuthumela izigaba ezinhlanu ezijwayelekile, uphiko lweselula (isigaba sezempi) kanye nezigaba ezine zezindawo eFrance. Kamuva, njengoba isigaba sethangi singakalungeli ukusebenza, sathathelwa indawo yisigaba sesi-1, futhi i-DPAN yokuqala yaqala ukuthulula eFrance ngemuva kokuqala kokusebenza okusebenzayo ngoMeyi 10, 1940.
Kwaze kwaba ekuqaleni kuka-1939 lapho amaFulentshi azisa ngokusemthethweni iGreat Britain ukuthi yayiyini amacebo awo okuzivikela ngokumelene neJalimane nokuthi ayibona kanjani indima yamaNgisi kulawo macebo. Izingxoxo nezivumelwano ezalandela zabasebenzi zenzeka kusukela ngo-March 29 kuya ku-April 5, ekuqaleni kuka-April no-May, futhi, ekugcineni, kusukela ngo-August 28 kuya ku-31, 1939. Kwabe sekuvunyelwana ngokuthi iBritish Expeditionary Force izofika kanjani futhi ikuziphi izindawo. IGreat Britain inamachweba asuka e-St. Nazaire kuya e-Le Havre.
Amabutho ahlomile aseBrithani ngesikhathi sezimpi ayengochwepheshe ngokuphelele, nabantu abazimele babevolontiya kubo. Nokho, ngo-May 26, 1939, ngesicelo sikaNgqongqoshe Wezempi eHore-Belish, iPhalamende LaseBrithani lagunyaza uMthetho Kazwelonke Wokuqeqesha, okwakuthi ngaphansi kwawo amadoda aneminyaka ephakathi kuka-20 no-21 abizelwe ukuqeqeshelwa impi izinyanga ezingu-6. Base bethuthela endaweni yokulondoloza esebenzayo. Lokhu kwakungenxa yezinhlelo zokwandisa amabutho aphansi abe yizigaba ezingu-55, eziningi zazo okwakuzoba ukuhlukaniswa kwezindawo, okungukuthi. ukuhlanganisa ama-reservists kanye namavolontiya ngesikhathi sempi, akhiwe uma kwenzeka kubuthwa amasosha. Ngenxa yalokhu, kwaba nokwenzeka ukuqala ukuqeqesha abantu abaqeqeshelwe ukubuthwa ngesikhathi sempi.
Abokuqala ababuthiwe babengakaqedi ukuqeqeshwa kwabo lapho, ngo-3 September 1939, ngemva kokungena kweBrithani empini, iPhalamende lagunyaza uMthetho Wenkonzo Kazwelonke (Amasosha Ahlomile) Act 1939, owenza ukuba inkonzo yezempi ibe yimpoqo kubo bonke abesilisa abaphakathi kweminyaka engu-18 nengu-41. ababengabahlali baseGreat Britain kanye nabancikile. Noma kunjalo, amabutho iBrithani ekwazile ukuwahambisa eZwenikazi ayemancane uma kuqhathaniswa namabutho aseFrance. Ekuqaleni, izigaba ezine zadluliselwa eFrance, kwase kwenezelwa ezinye eziyisithupha ngo-May 1940. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amafekthri amasha ayisithupha ezikhali ayevulwe eBrithani ekuqaleni kwempi.
