Umbhishobhi we-SAU waseBrithani kanye no-Sexton

Isibhamu esizishayelayo i-Sexton II ngemibala ye-1st Motorized Artillery Regiment ye-1st Armored Division ye-Polish Army eNtshonalanga eqoqweni le-Museum of Polish Military Equipment e-Warsaw.

Phakathi neMpi Yezwe Yesibili, amazwe alwayo ayefanele, ikakhulukazi, ukuxazulula inkinga yokusekela umlilo wokuhlukaniswa kwamathangi. Kwakusobala ukuthi nakuba amandla okuqhunyiswa kwezikhali zamayunithi ahlomile ayebalulekile, amathangi ngokuyinhloko adubula ngokuqondile, umlilo ngamunye ezihlosweni ezitholwe ngesikhathi sempi. Ngomqondo othile, amathangi abathengisi - acekela phansi okuhlosiwe okukodwa, noma ngabe kushesha kangakanani. Ama-Artillerymen - abathengisi bezitolo. I-Volley ngemva kwe-volley yeshumi, ishumi nambili kanye nemiphongolo engamakhulu ambalwa ngokumelene nokuhlosiwe kweqembu, ngokuvamile ebangeni elingaphezu kokubonakala okubonakalayo.

Ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kusekelwa kuyadingeka. Uzodinga izicishamlilo eziningi ukuze ubhodloze izivikelo zesitha ezihleliwe, ucekele phansi izinqaba zenkundla, izikhali nezindawo zodaka, ukhubaze amathangi ambiwe, ucekele phansi izidleke zezibhamu zemishini, ulahlekisele izinsana zesitha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amasosha ezitha akheswa ukubhonga okukhulu, esaba ukuphila kwawo kanye nokubona amaqabane edatshulwa abe yiziqhumane ngenxa yokuqhuma kwamagobolondo ezikhali. Isifiso sokulwa esimeni esinjalo siba buthaka, futhi abalwi bakhubazwa ukwesaba okungenabuntu. Yiqiniso, ukubona amathangi aphefumula umlilo abonakala engenakuvinjelwa futhi kunomphumela othile ongokwengqondo, kodwa izikhali zempi zibalulekile kulokhu.

Phakathi neMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe, kwavela ukuthi izikhali zendabuko ezidonsayo azihambisani namayunithi ahlomile kanye nezimoto. Okokuqala, emva kokuthatha izikhundla zokudubula, ukunqamula izibhamu kogandaganda (ukwehlukaniswa kwezindawo) nokuzifaka ezikhungweni zokucima umlilo nokukhishwa kwezinhlamvu kubasebenzi basezimotweni zokuthutha kuthathe isikhathi, njengoba kwenza nokubuyela endaweni yokumasha. Okwesibili, izibhamu ezidonswayo kwakudingeka zihambe emigwaqweni ewubhuqu, kuze kufike lapho isimo sezulu sasivumela khona: udaka noma iqhwa ngokuvamile lalinciphisa ukunyakaza kukagandaganda, futhi amathangi ahamba "ezindaweni ezimbi." I-Artillery yayivame ukuzungeza ukuze ingene endaweni yamanje yeyunithi yezikhali.

Inkinga yaxazululwa yi-Howitzer self-propelled field artillery. E-Germany, i-105 mm Wespe kanye ne-150 mm Hummel howwitzers yamukelwa. Isibhamu esizishayelelayo esiphumelele i-M7 105mm sakhiwe e-US futhi saqanjwa ngokuthi uMpristi ngamaNgisi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, e-USSR, i-armored hull incike ekusekelweni kwezibhamu ezihlomile, okungenzeka ukuthi zidubula phambili, ngisho noma sikhuluma nge-122-mm howwitzers SU-122 kanye ne-152-mm howwitzers ISU- 152.

Futhi eGreat Britain phakathi neMpi Yezwe Yesibili, kwasungulwa izingcezu zezikhali zasensimini ezizishayelayo. Okuyinhloko futhi okuwukuphela kohlobo lwesevisi kwakuyi-Sexton ene-Howitzer edumile engu-87,6 mm (25 lb). Ngaphambilini, isibhamu soMbhishobhi savela ngamanani alinganiselwe kakhulu, kodwa umsuka waso uhlukile futhi awuhlobene nesidingo sokunikeza amayunithi ezikhali zezempi kumayunithi ahlomile.

Isibhamu esizishayelayo esinegama elisemthethweni elithi Ordnance QF 25-pdr esisuselwe ku-Carrier Valentine 25-pdr Mk 1, esasibizwa ngokungekho emthethweni (futhi kamuva ngokusemthethweni) sabizwa ngokuthi uMbhishobhi. Imoto ekhonjisiwe ingeye-121st Field Regiment, Royal Artillery, eyabamba iqhaza eMpini Yesibili yase-El Alamein (Okthoba 23 - Novemba 4, 1942).

Entwasahlobo ka-1941, i-German Afrika Korps yangenela impi eNyakatho Afrika. Ngokuhambisana nalokhu, imisebenzi yokuqondisa ngezinga engakaze ibonwe yaqala. Amasosha aseBrithani ayengakakulungeli lokhu, kodwa ngokushesha kwacaca ukuthi ngisho namayunithi asekelayo ekuzivikeleni ngokumelene nokuhlasela kwesitha okungalindelekile ezindaweni lapho kwakungalindelekile khona ngaphambili kwakudinga ukuhlushwa okusheshayo kweziqhumane, kokubili insimu kanye ne-anti-tank. -i-tank artillery, ingasaphathwa isidingo sokudluliswa okusheshayo kwamayunithi ahlomile namasosha. Impumelelo yokuhlasela kwamayunithi abo ahlomile nayo yayivame ukuncika ekusekeleni umlilo wamathangi ngezikhali lapho kungqubuzana nezivikelo zesitha. Akufanele kukhohlwe ukuthi amathangi aseBrithani angaleso sikhathi ayehlome cishe kuphela ngezibhamu ezingu-40-mm (2-pounder), ezazinekhono elilinganiselwe lokunqoba izinhloso zensimu ezingahlosiwe.

ukulwa namandla esitha.

Enye inkinga kwaba ukucekelwa phansi amathangi German. Ngama-German Pz III amasha kanye (ngaleso sikhathi ayeyindlala e-Afrika) ama-Pz IV anezikhali ezengeziwe zangaphambili (Pz III Ausf. G kanye ne-Pz IV Ausf. E) bekunzima kakhulu ukubhekana ne-British QF 2-pounder (2-pounder ) anti -tank - tank guns yangaleso sikhathi.) cal.40 mm. Kwabe sekuvela ukuthi imiphumela engcono kakhulu ifinyelelwe lapho kusetshenziswa insimu engu-25 mm 87,6-pound howitzer. Amagobolondo okubhoboza izikhali afakwa kulesi sibhamu ekuqaleni kwawo-1940. Lawa kwakungamagobolondo angenazo iziqhumane ezazikwazi ukungena ezikhalini ezithambekele nge-engeli engu-30 ° ukuya mpo, ugqinsi luka-62 mm ukusuka ku-500 m no-54 mm ukusuka ku-1000 m, kuyilapho isibhamu esilwa nethangi esingu-40 mm sasikwazi ukungena izikhali. thola ukungena kwezikhali ezingu-52-mm kusuka ku-500 m no-40-mm izikhali ezivela ku-1000. Phakathi nezimpi kwabuye kwacaca ukuthi isidingo soshintsho olusheshayo endaweni yezikhali ezilwa ne-tank kuholela ezixazululweni ezizimele. Abasebenzi bezibhamu ezingama-40 mm anti-tank bagibele izibhamu zabo ekhreyithi yeloli badubula besuka lapho, kodwa lezi zimoto ezingahlomile bezisengozini yokuhlaselwa yizitha.

Ngakho-ke, omunye wemisebenzi ebalulekile yesibhamu esisha esizishayelayo, esihlome nge-Howitzer yasensimini engu-25-pounds 87,6-mm, kwakuwukulwa namathangi. Kwakuyisidingo esinjalo somfutho okwanyamalala konke ngokwethulwa kwezibhamu ezingama-6mm 57-pounder anti-tank, ezizuze ukusebenza okungcono kunalezi ezimbili ezishiwo ngaphambilini: ukungena okungu-85mm kusuka ku-500m no-75mm kusuka ku-1000m.

Isibhamu esizishayelayo uMbhishobhi

Isibhamu esingama-pounder angu-25, esibhekwa njengesibhamu esingcono kakhulu sezibhamu ezizishayelelayo ezihleliwe, kwakuyisibhamu esiyinhloko saseBrithani esakhiwa ngasekupheleni kwawo-30s. izingxenye ezintathu zamabhethri ezibhamu eziyisishiyagalombili - isamba sezibhamu ezingama-24 eqenjini kanye nebutho lama-72. Ngokungafani namanye amabutho amakhulu eMpi Yezwe Yesibili, iJalimane, i-USA kanye ne-USSR, eyayinezibhamu ezihlukene nezinkulu (eJalimane 105-mm kanye ne-150-mm howwitzers, USA 105-mm no-155-mm, I-USSR 76,2 -mm cannons kanye nama-Howitzers angu-122mm), izigaba zaseBrithani zazinazo kuphela

25-pounder 87,6 mm howwitzers.

Enguqulweni edonsayo, lesi sibhamu sasingenawo umsila ohoxisayo, njengamamodeli amaningi angaphandle anamuhla, kodwa umsila owodwa obanzi. Lesi sinqumo sasisho ukuthi isibhamu esiku-trailer sasinama-engeli amancane okudubula endizeni evundlile, kuphela ama-4 ° kuzo zombili izinkomba (8 ° isiyonke). Le nkinga yaxazululeka ngokuphatha ihawu eliyindilinga elixhunywe emsileni ngaphansi komsila, labekwa phansi, isibhamu sadonswa kuso ugandaganda ngaphambi kokuthulula. Lesi sihlangu, okwathi, ngenxa yamazinyo angemuva, sanamathela emhlabathini ngaphansi kwengcindezi yesibhamu, senza ukuba sikwazi ukuguqula isibhamu ngokushesha ngemva kokuphakamisa umsila, okwakulula kakhulu, njengoba isisindo somphongolo sasilinganisela kancane. isisindo sesibhamu. umsila. Umphongolo wawungaphakanyiswa uqonde

ebangeni lama-engeli ukusuka ku--5° ukuya ku-+45°.

Isibhamu sasinokhiye we-wedge oqondile, owawusiza ukuvula nokukhiya. Izinga lomlilo laliyimizuliswano eyi-6-8 / iminithi, kepha izindinganiso zaseBrithani zihlinzekelwe: imizuliswano emi-5 / iminithi (umlilo oshubile), imizuliswano emi-4 / iminithi (umlilo wesivinini esikhulu), imizuliswano emi-3 / iminithi (umlilo ojwayelekile), imizuliswano emi-2 / iminithi (umlilo ongasheshi). umlilo) noma 1 rds/min (umlilo ongasheshi kakhulu). Umphongolo wawunobude obungama-26,7 cal, futhi nge-muzzle brake - 28 cal.

Izinhlobo ezimbili zamacala asetshenziselwa isibhamu. Uhlobo oluyisisekelo lwalunezikhwama ezintathu zempushana, ezimbili zazo ezazikhishwa, ezakha imithwalo emithathu ehlukene: ngesikhwama esisodwa, ezimbili noma ezintathu. Ngakho-ke, kwakungenzeka ukuqhuba umlilo wesivinini esikhulu emabangeni amafushane. Ngazo zontathu izinkokhelo, ibanga lendiza leprojekthi evamile enesisindo esingu-11,3 kg lalingu-10 m ngesivinini sokuqala esingu-650 m/s. Ngezikhwama ezimbili, lawa manani ehla afinyelela ku-450 m no-7050 m/s, futhi ngesikhwama esisodwa - 305 m no-3500 m/s. Kwakukhona futhi ukukhokhiswa okukhethekile kwebanga eliphezulu, lapho kwakungenakwenzeka ukususa izikhwama ze-powder. Ibanga lendiza lifinyelele ku-195 m ngesivinini sokuqala esingu-12 m/s.

I-projectile eyinhloko yesibhamu kwakuyi-projectile ehlukanisayo eqhuma kakhulu i-Mk 1D. Ukunemba kokudutshulwa kwakhe bekungamamitha angama-30 ebangeni eliphakeme kakhulu. I-projectile yayinesisindo esingu-11,3 kg, kanti isisindo se-explosive charge kuyo sasingu-0,816 kg. Ngokuvamile kwakuyi-amatol, kodwa amarokhethi alolu hlobo ayebuye afakwe ngezinye izikhathi nge-TNT noma i-RDX. I-projectile yokubhoboza izikhali ngaphandle kweziqhumane yayinesisindo esingu-9,1 kg futhi ngokushaja okujwayelekile yakha isivinini sokuqala esingu-475 m / s, futhi ngokushaja okukhethekile - 575 m / s. Amanani anikeziwe wokungena kwezikhali ayengawalokhu nje

le mpahla ekhethekile.

Isibhamu sasinombono obonakalayo wokudubula okuqondile, kuhlanganise nomlilo we-anti-tank. Kodwa-ke, okukhangayo okuyinhloko kwakuyilokho okubizwa ngokuthi i-Probert System Calculator, ekuvumela ukuthi ubale i-engeli efanele yokuphakama komgqomo ngemva kokungena emshinini wokubala ibanga eliya kulokho okuhlosiwe, ukweqa noma ukungafinyeleli okuhlosiwe, kuye ngokuthi indawo ikuphi. yesibhamu kanye nohlobo lomthwalo. Ukwengeza, i-angle ye-azimuth yethulwa nayo, ngemva kokubona yahlelwa kabusha ngezinga elikhethekile lomoya, njengoba isibhamu sasivame ukuma endaweni engalingani futhi sitshekile. Khona-ke ukuphakamisa umgqomo engeli ethile kwawubangela ukuba uchezuke kancane ohlangothini olulodwa noma kwenye, futhi lokhu kubuka kwenza kwaba nokwenzeka ukususa le engeli yokuchezuka.

kusuka ku-azimuth enikeziwe.

I-azimuth, okungukuthi, i-engeli phakathi kwenyakatho nendawo okuqondiswe kuyo, ayikwazanga ukunqunywa ngokuqondile ngoba abadubuli bezibhamu babengakwazi ukubona okuhlosiwe. Lapho imephu (namabalazwe aseBrithani ayedume ngokunemba kwawo okuphezulu) anqume ngokunembile indawo yebhethri kanye nesimo sokuthunyelwe kokubheka phambili, okuthi, ngendlela, abadubuli ngokuvamile ababonanga, i-azimuth kanye nebanga phakathi kwebhethri. kanye neposi lokubuka. Lapho kwakungenzeka ukukala i-azimuth kanye nebanga eliya kwelitshe elibonakala kusukela lapho kusukela eposini lokubuka, umyalo webhethri uxazulule inkinga elula ye-trigonometric: imephu ibonise izinhlangothi ezimbili zikanxantathu onama-vertices: ibhethri, iposi lokubuka kanye nethagethi. , futhi izinhlangothi ezaziwayo ibhethri - umbono kanye nombono - target. Manje kwakudingeka ukunquma imingcele yomuntu wesithathu: ibhethri liyinhloso, i.e. i-azimuth nebanga phakathi kwakho, ngokusekelwe kumafomula e-trigonometric noma ngesithombe ngokuhlela unxantathu wonke kumephu nokulinganisa amapharamitha angular nobude (ibanga) inkampani yangaphandle: ibhethri - okuqondiwe. Ngokusekelwe kulokhu, ukufakwa kwe-angular kwanqunywa kusetshenziswa izinto ezibonwa ngezibhamu.

Ngemva kwe-salvo yokuqala, umbukeli wezikhali wenza izinguquko, okwenziwa ngabadlali be-artillery ngokusho kwetafula elihambisanayo, ukuze "bazidubule" ekuhlosweni okuhloswe ukubhujiswa. Izindlela ezifanayo ncamashi nezinto ezifanayo zasetshenziswa kuma-Ordnance QF 25-pounders asetshenziswe kuBhishobhi kanye ne-Sexton yohlobo lwe-SPG okuxoxwe ngalo kulesi sihloko. Ingxenye yoMbhishobhi isebenzise isibhamu ngaphandle kwebhuleki emlonyeni, kanti abakwaSextons basebenzisa ibhuleki le-muzzle. Ukungabi bikho kwebhuleki yamafinyila kuMbhishobhi kwakusho ukuthi leli rokhethi eliyisipesheli lingasetshenziswa kuphela ngokubhoboza izikhali.

NgoMeyi 1941, kwathathwa isinqumo sokwakha isibhamu esizishayelayo salolu hlobo kusetshenziswa isibhamu se-Ordnance QF Mk I esingamaphawundi angu-25 kanye ne-chassis yethangi lezingane ze-Valentine. Ukwahluka kwe-Mk II, okwasetshenziswa kamuva ku-Sexton, kwakungehlukile kakhulu - izinguquko ezincane ekwakhiweni kwe-breech (futhi iqonde, i-wedge), kanye nokubona, okusebenzise ikhono lokubala i-trajectory ngaphansi kwemithwalo encishisiwe (ngemuva ekhipha isikhwama), esasingekho ku-Mk I. Ama-engeli amafinyila nawo ashintshwa ukusuka ku -8° kuya ku-+40°. Lolu shintsho lokugcina lwalungabalulekanga kangako kuBhishobhi wokuqala we-SPG, njengoba ama-engeli akuwo ayelinganiselwe ebangeni elingu--5° ukuya ku-+15°, okuzoxoxwa ngalo kamuva.

Ithangi le-Valentine lakhiqizwa e-UK emafektri amathathu. Umzali kaVickers-Armstrong u-Elswick Works eduze kwaseNewcastle ukhiqize okungu-2515 kwalokhu. Ezinye ezingu-2135 zakhiwa i-Metropolitan-Cammell Carriage elawulwa yi-Vickers kanye ne-Wagon Co Ltd. emafektri ayo amabili, i-Old Park Works e-Wednesbury kanye ne-Washwood Heath eduze kwase-Birmingham. Ekugcineni, i-Birmingham Railway Carriage and Wagon Company ikhiqize amathangi ayi-2205 alolu hlobo endaweni yabo yaseSmethwick ngaseBirmingham. Kwakuyinkampani yokugcina eyanikezwa umsebenzi wokwakha isibhamu esizishayelayo ngokusekelwe emathangeni e-Valentine akhiqizwa lapha ngoMeyi 1941.

Lo msebenzi wenziwa ngendlela elula, okwathi, nokho, yaphumela ekwakhiweni okungaphumeleli kakhulu. Kalula nje, esikhundleni se-turret yayo yethangi engu-40 mm, i-turret enkulu ene-Howitzer engu-25-pounder 87,6 mm yabekwa ku-chassis yethangi le-Valentine II. Ngandlela-thile, lo mshini wawufana ne-KW-2, eyayiphathwa njengethangi elisindayo, hhayi njengesibhamu esizishayelayo. Kodwa-ke, imoto yaseSoviet eyayihlome kakhulu yayine-turret eqinile ehlome isibhamu esinamandla se-howitzer esingu-152 mm, esasinamandla omlilo amaningi. Enqoleni yesiteshi yaseBrithani, i-turret yayingajikijeli, njengoba isisindo sayo saphoqelela ukuthuthukiswa kwendlela entsha ye-turret traverse.

I-turret yayinezivikelo eziqinile, ezingama-60 mm ngaphambili nangaseceleni, kancane kancane ngemuva, nezicabha ezibanzi ezazivuleka ezinhlangothini ezimbili ukuze kube lula ukudubula. Uphahla lwe-turret lwalunezivikelo eziwugqinsi ezingu-8 mm. Bekuminyene kakhulu ngaphakathi futhi, njengoba kwenzeka kamuva, bekungenawo umoya ohlanzekile. I-chassis ngokwayo yayinezikhali engxenyeni engaphambili kanye nezinhlangothi ezinobukhulu obungama-60 mm, futhi phansi kwakunobukhulu obungu-8 mm. Ishidi langaphambili elithambekele eliphezulu lalinobukhulu obungama-30 mm, ishidi eliphansi eliphansi - 20 mm, ishidi elingemuva (eliphezulu nangaphansi) - 17 mm. Ingxenye engenhla ye-fuselage yayiwugqinsi ngo-20 mm ekhaleni no-10 mm ngemuva, ngaphezu kwenjini.

Imoto ibifakwe injini yedizili i-AEC A190. I-Associated Equipment Company (AEC), enesikhungo sokukhiqiza eSouthall, eNtshonalanga London, yenza amabhasi, iningi lawo amabhasi edolobha, ngamagama angamamodeli aqala ngo-"R" namagama amaloli aqala ngo-"M". Mhlawumbe edume kakhulu kwakuyiloli i-AEC Matador, eyayisetshenziswa njengogandaganda we-Howitzer engu-139,7 mm, uhlobo oluyinhloko lwezikhali zaseBrithani. Ngenxa yalokho, inkampani yazuza ulwazi ekuthuthukisweni kwezinjini zikadizili. I-A190 bekuyinjini yedizili enamasilinda ayisithupha enemivimbo emine ekhishwa isamba esingu-9,65 litres, 131 hp. ngo-1800 rpm. I-fuel reserve ethangini elikhulu i-145 l, futhi ethangini elisizayo - enye i-25 l, isamba esingu-170 l Ithangi lamafutha okugcoba injini - 36 l Injini yayipholile ngamanzi, ivolumu yokufaka yayingama-45 l.

Injini yangemuva (longitudinal) ibishayelwa u-gearbox kaHenry Meadows Type 22 waseWolverhampton, e-UK, onamagiya amahlanu aya phambili nelilodwa elibuyela emuva. I-multiplate main clutch ibixhunywe ku-gearbox, kanti amasondo okushayela ngemuva abe nama-clutch asemaceleni okuqondisa. Amasondo okushayela ayengaphambili. Emaceleni emoto kwakunezinqola ezimbili ohlangothini ngalunye, inqola ngayinye inamasondo amathathu asekelayo. Amasondo amabili amakhulu ayengaphandle, angu-610 mm ububanzi, kanti amasondo amane angaphakathi ayengu-495 mm ububanzi. Amathrekhi, ahlanganisa izixhumanisi ezingu-103, abe nobubanzi obungama-356 mm lilinye.

Ngenxa yomklamo we-turret, isibhamu sasinama-engeli okuphakama kuphela ukusuka ku--5 ° kuya ku-+15 °. Lokhu kuholele ekutheni kube nomkhawulo webanga lokudubula elingaphezudlwana kuka-10 km (sikukhumbuza ukuthi kule nguqulo yesibhamu samagobolondo aqhekeka kakhulu kwakungeke kwenzeke ukuthi kusetshenziswe amashaji akhethekile, kodwa izindleko ezivamile kuphela) kuya ku-5800 kuphela. m. Indlela izisebenzi ezakha ngayo uthango oluncane , olwathathwa izibhamu zangaphambili, zandisa ama-engeli alo okuphakama. Inqola ibiqukethe amarokhethi angu-32 nama-propellant awo, ngokuvamile ayebhekwa njengenganele, kodwa yayingasekho indawo. Ngakho-ke, i-trailer yezinhlamvu ze-axle eyodwa No. Kwakuyi-trailer efanayo eyasetshenziswa enguqulweni edonswayo, lapho yayisebenza khona njengokhokho (ugandaganda wadonsa inqola, futhi isibhamu sasixhunywe ku-trailer).

UMbhishobhi wayengenaso isibhamu somshini esigitsheziwe, nakuba sasihloselwe ukuphatha isibhamu esincane esingu-7,7 mm BESA esingaxhunywa ophahleni ukuze kucishwe izindiza. Iqembu lalinabantu abane: umshayeli phambi kwe-fuselage, phakathi, kanye nabadubuli abathathu embhoshongweni: umkhuzi, umdubuli kanye nomlayishi. Uma kuqhathaniswa nesibhamu esidonswayo, izinhlamvu ezimbili zazingekho, ngakho ukulungisa isibhamu kwakudinga umzamo owengeziwe ohlangothini lwabasebenzi.

IBirmingham Railway Carriage and Wagon Company yaseSmethwick eduze kwaseBirmingham yakha i-prototype yoMbhishobhi ngo-Agasti 1941 futhi yasihlola ngoSepthemba. Baphumelele, njengethangi le-Valentine, imoto yabonakala ithembekile. Isivinini salo esiphezulu sasingu-24 km / h kuphela, kodwa akufanele sikhohlwe ukuthi imoto yakhiwe ku-chassis yethangi elihamba kancane labahamba ngezinyawo. I-Mileage emgwaqeni yayiyi-177 km. Njengasethangini le-Valentine, okokusebenza kwezokuxhumana bekunesethi engunombolo 19 engenantambo eyakhiwe yi-Pye Radio Ltd. kusuka eCambridge. Isiteshi somsakazo safakwa enguqulweni ethi "B" enobubanzi obungu-229-241 MHz, eklanyelwe ukuxhumana phakathi kwezimoto zokulwa ezinesihlalo esisodwa. Ibanga lokudubula, ngokuya ngendawo, lalisuka ku-1 kuye ku-1,5 km, okuvele kwaba yibanga elinganele. Imoto ibifakwe nekhabethe elingaphakathi.

Ngemuva kokuhlolwa ngempumelelo kwemoto eyisibonelo, eyayinegama elisemthethweni elithi Ordnance QF 25-pdr ku-Carrier Valentine 25-pdr Mk 1, eyayibuye ngezinye izikhathi yehliselwe ku-25-pdr Valentine (i-Valentine eno-25-pounder), kwaqubuka ingxabano phakathi amathangi kanye nezibhamu noma ngabe ithangi elisindayo noma isibhamu esizishayelayo. Umphumela wale ngxabano kwaba ukuthi ubani ozo-oda le moto nokuthi izoya kuziphi izingxenye, izikhali noma izikhali. Ekugcineni, izibhamu zawina, futhi imoto yayalelwa ukuba ifakwe izibhamu. Ikhasimende kwakuyinkampani yezwe iRoyal Ordnance, ehlanganyela ekuhlinzekeni amasosha aseBrithani egameni likahulumeni. Umyalo wezingcezu zokuqala eziyi-100 wathunyelwa ngoNovemba 1941 eBirmingham Railway Carriage and Wagon Company, njengoba negama libonisa, yayibambe iqhaza kakhulu ekukhiqizeni amasheya, kodwa phakathi nempi yasungula ukukhiqizwa kwezimoto zezikhali. I-oda laqhubeka kancane, njengoba ukulethwa kwamathangi e-Valentine kwakuseqhulwini. Ukuhlinzekwa kwezibhamu eziguquliwe kuMbhishobhi kwenziwa imboni yeVickers Works eSheffield, futhi umsebenzi waphinde wenziwa isikhungo esiyinhloko iVickers-Armstrong eNewcastle upon Tyne.

Umphristi we-M7 we-13th (Honorary Artillery Company) Regiment Yenkundla yeRoyal Horse Artillery, ibutho lezempi elizishayelayo le-11th Armored Division ngaphambili kwe-Italy.

NgoJulayi 1942, izibhamu ezingama-80 ze-Ordnance QF 25-pdr endizeni ye-Valentine 25-pdr Mk 1 zase zilethwe embuthweni wezempi, futhi ngokushesha zabizwa ngokuthi uMbhishobhi ngamasosha. Umbhoshongo we-cannon wawuhlotshaniswa namasosha ane-miter, i-headdress yombhishobhi yomumo ofanayo, yingakho baqala ukubiza i-cannon - episcopal. Leli gama limile futhi lavunyelwa ngokusemthethweni ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi lapho izibhamu zaseMelika ezingama-7 mm ezizishayelela ngokwazo iM105 kamuva zifika, indandatho yayo eyindilinga eyisibhamu yakhumbuza amasosha ngepulpiti, ngakho isibhamu saqanjwa ngokuthi uMpristi. Kwaqala kanjalo-ke isiko lokuqamba izibhamu ezizishayelayo kusuka kukhiye "wobufundisi". Lapho iwele “loMpristi” wokukhiqiza waseCanada livela kamuva (okuningi kulokho kamuva), kodwa ngaphandle kwesici “sepulpiti” yenganono yaseMelika, lalibizwa ngeSexton, okungukuthi, isonto. Isibhamu esiyi-57 mm anti-tank esazakhela sona elolini besibizwa ngokuthi uDean Deacon. Ekugcineni, isibhamu sangemva kwempi saseBrithani esiyi-105-mm saqanjwa ngokuthi i-Abbot - abbot.

Naphezu kwemiyalo eyengeziwe yezigaba ezimbili zezigaba zababhishobhi abangu-50 nezingu-20, kanye nenketho yezinye ezingu-200, ukukhiqizwa kwazo akuzange kuqhutshekwe. Ngokunokwenzeka, icala laphela ngokwakhiwa kwalezo zicucu ezingu-80 kuphela ezalethwa ngo-July 1942. Isizathu salokhu kwaba "ukutholwa" kwe-American self-propelled howitzer M7 (leyo kamuva eyathola igama elithi "Priest") ku-chassis ye-medium M3 Lee. ithangi elakhiwe yimishini yaseBrithani yokuthengwa kwezimoto zezikhali e-United States - i-British Tank Mission. Lesi sibhamu saphumelela kakhulu kunesikaBishop. Kwakukhona isikhala esiningi sabasebenzi kanye nezinhlamvu, ama-engeli omlilo oqondile ayenganqunyelwe, futhi imoto yayishesha, ikwazi ukuphelezela amathangi aseBrithani "ahamba ngesivinini" (isivinini esikhulu) ezigabeni zezikhali.

Umyalo wompristi waholela ekuyekisweni kokuthenga okwengeziwe kukaBhishobhi, nakuba uPriest naye kwaba yisixazululo sesikhashana, ngenxa yesidingo sokwethula enkonzweni yokuthenga (isitoreji, ezokuthutha, ukudiliva) izinhlamvu zaseMelika eziyi-105mm nezingxenye zenganono ezenziwe eMelika. I-chassis ngokwayo isivele iqalile ukusabalala ebuthweni laseBrithani ngenxa yokuhlinzekwa kwamathangi e-M3 Lee (Grant), ngakho-ke umbuzo wezingxenye ezisele ze-chassis awuzange uphakanyiswe.

Iyunithi yokuqala eyahlonyiswa ngezibhamu zikaBishop kwakuyi-121st Field Regiment, Royal Artillery. Leli qembu, elalihlome ngamakhilogremu angu-121, lalwa e-Iraq ngo-25 njengeqembu elizimele, futhi ehlobo lika-1941 lalethwa e-Egypt ukuze liqinise iButho le-1942. Ngemuva kokuhlomisa kabusha i-Bishopee, ube namabhethri amabili anamigqomo ayisishiyagalombili: ele-8th (275th West Riding) nelesi-3 (276th West Riding). Ibhethri ngalinye lahlukaniswa laba ama-platoon amabili, nawo ahlukaniswa abe izingxenye zezibhamu ezimbili. Ngo-Okthoba 11, i-squadron ka-1942 yayingaphansi kwe-121st armored brigade (kufanele ibizwe ngokuthi i-tank brigade, kodwa yahlala "ihlomile" ngemva kokukhishwa kwayo engxenyeni yama-23, engazange ibambe iqhaza ekulweni), ifakwe "Valentine". " . amathangi. I-brigade, yona, yayiyingxenye ye-XXX Corps, okwathi ngesikhathi okuthiwa. phakathi neMpi Yesibili ka-El Alamein wahlanganisa izigaba zabahamba ngezinyawo (i-Australian 8th Infantry Division, British 9th Infantry Division, New Zealand 51st Infantry Division, 2nd South African Infantry Division kanye ne-1st Indian Infantry Division). Kamuva leli qembu lalwa emgqeni weMaret ngoFebhuwari nangoMashi wezi-4, lase libamba iqhaza emkhankasweni wase-Italy, namanje njengeyunithi ezimele. Entwasahlobo ka-1943, yadluliselwa e-UK futhi yaguqulwa yaba ama-Howitzers angu-1944 mm, ukuze ibe yiqembu lezempi eliphakathi.

Iyunithi yesibili ku-Bishopah kwakuyi-142nd (Royal Devon Yeomanry) Field Regiment, Royal Artillery, ehlome ngalezi zimoto eTunisia ngoMeyi-Juni 1943. Khona-ke leli qembu langena empini eSicily, futhi kamuva e-Italy njengeyunithi ezimele. endaweni yezikhali ze-8th Army. Ngaphambi nje kokudluliselwa kokuqinisa amabutho afika e-Anzio ekuqaleni kuka-1944, iqembu laphinde lahlonyiswa kusukela kuMbhishobhi kuya kuM7 Priest izibhamu. Kusukela lapho, ababhishobhi bebelokhu besetshenziselwa ukufundisa kuphela. Ngaphezu kweLibya, iTunisia, iSicily naseningizimu ye-Italy, izibhamu zalolu hlobo azizange zihlanganyele kwezinye izinkundla zezempi.