Abashayisibhakela beButho LaseBrithani
Izinkampani zokuqala ze-serial ye-Boxer ezithwala izikhali ezithengwe ngaphansi kohlelo lwe-Mechanized Infantry Vehicle zizoya emayunithi eButho LaseBrithani ngo-2023.
Ngomhla zi-5 kuNovemba, uNobhala Wezokuvikela waseBrithani uBen Wallace wamemezela ukuthi Amasosha AseBrithani azothola abantu abangaphezu kuka-500 abathwala izikhali ezinamasondo, okuzohlinzekwa yi-Rheinmetall BAE Systems Land venture njengengxenye yohlelo lweMechanized Infantry Vehicle. Lesi simemezelo singabonakala njengesiqalo sokuphela komgwaqo omude kakhulu futhi onamagquma ngokwedlulele lapho iButho LaseBrithani kanye ne-European GTK/MRAV transporter, namuhla eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Boxer, behamba ndawonye, behlukene futhi babuyelane ndawonye futhi.
Umlando wokudalwa kwe-Boxer uyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi mude, ngakho manje sizokhumbula izikhathi zayo ezibaluleke kakhulu. Kufanele sibuyele emuva ku-1993, lapho ungqongqoshe wezokuvikela waseJalimane nowaseFrance bememezela ukuqala komsebenzi enkampanini ephethe izikhali ezihlangene. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, i-UK yajoyina uhlelo.
Umgwaqo onezihibe...
Ngo-1996, kwasungulwa inhlangano yaseYurophu i-OCCAR (isiFulentshi: Inhlangano conjointe de coopération en matière d'armement, Organisation for Joint Armaments Cooperation) eyayihlanganisa okokuqala: Germany, Great Britain, France kanye ne-Italy. I-OCCAR bekufanele ikhuthaze ukubambisana kwamazwe ngamazwe kwezokuvikela izimboni eYurophu. Ngemva kweminyaka emibili, i-ARTEC (Armored Vehicle Technology) consortium, ehlanganisa u-Krauss-Maffei Wegmann, MAK, GKN kanye ne-GIAT, yakhethwa ukuba iqalise uhlelo lokuthwala abasebenzi abahlomile ngamasondo amabutho angaphansi aseFrance, amaJalimane naseBrithani. Emuva ngo-1999, i-France kanye ne-GIAT (manje eyi-Nexter) bahoxa ku-consortium ukuze bathuthukise umshini wabo we-VBCI, njengoba umqondo we-British-German wabonakala ungahambisani nezidingo ezibekwe yi-Armée de Terre. Ngawo lowo nyaka, iJalimane neGreat Britain basayine inkontileka ngokusho ukuthi ama-prototypes amane e-GTK / MRAV (Gepanzertes Transport-Kraftfahrzeug / Multirole Armored Vehicle) ayalelwa iBundeswehr kanye neBritish Army (inani lenkontileka lalingamaphawundi ayizigidi ezingama-70). NgoFebhuwari 2001, iNetherlands yajoyina i-consortium kanye ne-Stork PWV BV (okwathi ngo-2008 yaba indawo yeqembu le-Rheinmetall futhi yaba yingxenye ye-Rheinmetall MAN Military Vehicles njenge-RMMV Netherland), okwa-odelwa ngayo ama-prototypes amane. Owokuqala wabo - PT1 - wethulwa ngoDisemba 12, 2002 eMunich. Ngemva kokuboniswa kwe-PT2 yesibili ngo-2003, imoto yaqanjwa ngokuthi i-Boxer. Ngaleso sikhathi, kwakuhlelwe ukukhiqiza izimoto okungenani 200 ngamunye wabahlanganyeli ohlelweni, kusukela ngo-2004.
Kodwa-ke, ngo-2003, abaseBrithani benqaba ukubamba iqhaza ku-ARTEC consortium (okwamanje eyakhiwe nguKrauss-Maffei Wegmann kanye ne-Rheinmetall MAN Military Vehicles) ngenxa yokujwayela okuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kwe-GTK / MRAV / PWV (Gepanzerte Transport-Kraftfahrzeug, ngokulandelana: I-Multirole Armored Vehicle kanye ne-Pantserwielvoertuig ) isihambisi ngokuya ngezidingo zaseBrithani, kuhl. ezokuthutha ngendiza i-C-130. Ibutho laseBrithani lagxila ohlelweni lwe-FRES (Future Rapid Effect System). Lo msebenzi waqhutshwa amaJalimane namaDashi. Ukuhlolwa kwe-prototype isikhathi eside kwaholela ekutheni imoto yokuqala inikezwe umsebenzisi ngo-2009, sekudlule iminyaka emihlanu. Kuvele ukuthi umfelandawonye we-ARTEC wenze umsebenzi omuhle kumaBoxers. Kuze kube manje, i-Bundeswehr iyale izimoto ze-403 (futhi lokhu kungase kungabi ukuphela, kusukela iBerlin ihlonze isidingo sezimoto ze-2012 ku-684), kanye ne-Koninklijke Landmacht - 200. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, i-Boxer yathengwa yi-Australia (WiT 4 / 2018 ; izimoto ezingama-211) kanye neLithuania (WiT 7/2019; izimoto ezingama-91), kanye neSlovenia ekhethiwe (inkontileka yezimoto ezingama-48 kuye kweziyi-136 ingenzeka, yize ngokusho kwe-Slovenian Defence White Paper kaNdasa walo nyaka, ukuphela kwesivumelwano ukuthenga akwaziwa kahle), mhlawumbe i-Algeria (ngoMeyi walo nyaka ku-Abezindaba babike mayelana nokwethulwa okungenzeka kokukhiqizwa kwelayisensi ye-Boxer e-Algeria, futhi ngo-Okthoba, izithombe ezivela ekuhlolweni kuleli zwe zanyatheliswa - ukukhiqizwa kuzoqala ekupheleni ka-2020) kanye ... Albion.
WaseBrithani ngokuzalwa?
AbaseBrithani abazange baphumelele ohlelweni lwe-FRES. Ngaphakathi kohlaka lwayo, kuzokwakhiwa imindeni emibili yezimoto: i-FRES UV (Utility Vehicle) ne-FRES SV (Scout Vehicle). Izinkinga zezimali zoMnyango Wezokuvikela wase-UK, ezihlotshaniswa nokubamba iqhaza emisebenzini yangaphandle kanye nenkinga yezomnotho emhlabeni wonke, zaholela ekubuyekezweni kwalolu hlelo - nakuba ngo-March 2010 umphakeli we-Scout SV (ASCOD 2, owenziwe yiGeneral Dynamics European Land Systems) kukhethiwe. , emishinini engu-589 eyayidingeka ngaleso sikhathi (futhi kucatshangelwa isidingo semishini engu-1010 yayo yomibili imikhaya), kuzokwakhiwa imishini engu-3000 kuphela. Ngaphambi kwalokhu, i-FRES UV ibivele iwuhlelo olufile. NgoJuni 2007, izinhlangano ezintathu zethula iziphakamiso zazo zesithuthi esisha esinamasondo seButho LaseBrithani: ARTEC (Boxer), GDUK (Piranha V) kanye ne-Nexer (VBCI). Awukho umshini owahlangabezana nezidingo, kodwa owayenguNobhala Wezwe Wangaleso sikhathi Wezisetshenziswa Zezokuvikela Nokusekela, u-Paul Drayson, waqinisekisa ukuthi kwakungenzeka ukuzivumelanisa ngamunye nezidingo zendabuko zaseBrithani. Isinqumo sahlehliselwa uNovemba 2007, kodwa isinqumo sabambezeleka izinyanga eziyisithupha. NgoMeyi 2008, i-GDUK ne-Piranha V transporter yakhethwa njengabawinile. I-General Dynamics UK ayizange iyijabulele isikhathi eside, njengoba uhlelo lwakhanselwa ngo-December 2008 ngenxa yenkinga yesabelomali. Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva, lapho isimo sezezimali sithuthuka e-UK, kwabuya isihloko sokuthenga isithumeli esinamasondo. NgoFebhuwari 2014, ama-VBCI amaningana ahlinzekwa yi-France ukuze kuvivinywe. Nokho, ukuthengwa akuzange kwenzeke, futhi ngo-2015 uhlelo lwe-Scout UV lwaqanjwa kabusha ngokusemthethweni (futhi ngaleyo ndlela lwaqalwa kabusha) njenge-MIV (Mechanized Infantry Vehicle). Kwakukhona ukuqagela mayelana nokwenzeka kokuthenga izimoto ezihlukahlukene: Patria AMV, GDELS Piranha V, Nexter VBCI, njll Nokho, Boxer wakhethwa.
