Izimoto zokulwa ezisuselwe ku-chassis ye-PzKpfw IV
Yizibhamu ze-Sturmgeschütz IV kuphela, ezitholwe exhaphozini futhi zalungiswa e-Land Forces Training Center e-Poznań, ezisekhona nanamuhla. Itholakala ku-White Eagle Museum e-Skarzysko-Kamen futhi yatholakala ngoJulayi 25, 2020.
Izimoto ezimbalwa zokulwa zezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zakhiwe ku-chassis yethangi le-PzKpfw IV: izibhamu ezizishayelayo ezilwa nethangi, ama-Howitzers, izibhamu ezilwa nendiza, ngisho nesibhamu sokuhlasela. Zonke zingena ohlotsheni olumangalisayo lwezinhlobo zezimoto zokulwa ezadalwa amaJalimane phakathi neMpi Yezwe Yesibili, okufakazela ukudideka okuthile kanye nokuthuthukiswa okuningi. Imisebenzi yeminye imishini imane iphindwe kabili, okusabangela ukuphikisana okuningi - yayiyini inhloso yokudala imishini enamandla okulwa efanayo, kodwa yezinhlobo ezahlukene?
Ngokusobala, izimoto eziningi zalolu hlobo zakhiwe engxenyeni yesibili yempi, lapho ukukhiqizwa kwamathangi e-PzKpfw IV kwancishiswa kancane kancane, kunikeze indlela ye-PzKpfw V Panther. Kodwa-ke, izinjini, ukuhanjiswa, i-chassis nezinye izinto eziningi bezisakhiqizwa. Kwakukhona inethiwekhi enkulu yabahlanganyeli abakhiqiza izinto ezihlukahlukene, kusukela kuma-gaskets nama-gaskets kuya kumasondo omgwaqo, amasondo okushayela kanye namasondo angenalutho, izihlungi, amajeneretha, ama-carburetor, amathrekhi, amapuleti ezikhali, ama-axle amasondo, imigqa kaphethiloli, ama-gearbox, ama-clutch kanye nezingxenye zawo. . ama-friction discs, ama-bearings, ama-shock absorbers, imithombo yamaqabunga, ama-brake pads, amaphampu kaphethiloli kanye nezingxenye eziningi ezahlukene, eziningi zazo ezingasetshenziswa kuphela ohlotsheni oluthile lwemoto, kodwa hhayi kunoma iyiphi enye. Yiqiniso, kwakungenzeka ukushintsha ukukhiqizwa, ngokwesibonelo kolunye uhlobo lwenjini, kodwa ama-bearings amasha, ama-gaskets, izingxenye, ama-carburetors, izihlungi, amadivaysi okuthungela, ama-spark plugs, amaphampu kaphethiloli, amayunithi wesikhathi, ama-valve kanye namanye amayunithi amaningi kwakufanele kube. iyaliwe. eyalwe kosonkontileka abancane, okwakuzodingeka futhi basebenzise ukukhiqizwa okusha ekhaya, bahlele ezinye izinto ezidingekayo kanye nezakhi ezivela kwabanye osonkontileka abancane ... Konke lokhu kwenziwa ngesisekelo sezinkontileka nezinkontileka ezisayiniwe, futhi ukuguqulwa kwalo mshini kwakungelula kangako. . Lesi esinye sezizathu zokuthi kungani amathangi e-PzKpfw IV akhiqizwa kamuva kakhulu kune-Pantera, okwakufanele ibe isizukulwane esilandelayo sezimoto eziyisisekelo zokulwa.
Zombili izimoto zokulwa ezingu-10,5 cm K gepanzerte Selbstfahrlafette zithunyelwe ku-Panzerjäger Abteilung 521.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, noma kunjalo, kwakungenzeka ukukhiqiza inombolo enkulu ye-chassis ye-PzKpfw IV, okwakungadingeki ukuba igcwaliswe njengamathangi, kodwa ingasetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa kwezimoto ezihlukahlukene zokulwa. Futhi okuphambene nalokho - ukukhiqizwa okwandisiwe kwe-Panther chassis kwakucishe kuthathwe ukukhiqizwa kwamathangi, ngakho-ke kwakunzima ukwaba i-chassis yayo yokwakha izimoto ezikhethekile. Ngababhubhisi bamathangi be-SdKfz 173 8,8cm Jagdpanzer V Jagdpanther, akwenzekanga neze, okwakhiqizwa amayunithi angama-1944 kuphela kusukela ngoJanuwari 392 kwaze kwaba sekupheleni kwempi. Emotweni yoguquko, obekumele ibe wu-88 mm SdKfz 164 Hornisse (Nashorn) ithangi elicekela phansi, kwakhiwa amayunithi angama-494. Ngakho, njengoba kwenzeka ngezinye izikhathi, ikhambi lesikhashana labonakala liqinile kunekhambi lokugcina. Ngendlela, le mishini yakhiqizwa kwaze kwaba ngo-March 1945. Nakuba eziningi zazo zakhiwa ngo-1943, phakathi nezinyanga ezingu-15 zakhiwa ngokufana namaJagdpanther, okwakucatshangwa ukuthi kwakufanele zithathe indawo yazo. Sizoqala nje ngale moto.
I-hornet yaphenduka yaba ubhejane: - SdKfz 164 Hornisse (Nashorn)
Umsebenzi wokuqala wokucekela phansi ithangi elisindayo ehlome ngesibhamu esingu-105 mm ku-chassis we-PzKpfw IV wayalelwa kwa-Krupp Gruson emuva ngo-April ka-1939. Ngaleso sikhathi, inkinga enkulu kwakuwukulwa amathangi esindayo French naseBrithani, njengoba ukubhekana nebutho kusondela izinyathelo ezisheshayo. AmaJalimane ayewazi amathangi e-French Char B1 kanye namathangi ahlome kakhulu e-British A11 Matilda I kanye ne-A12 Matilda II futhi esaba ukuthi imiklamo ehlomile eyengeziwe ingase ivele enkundleni yempi.
Kungani kwakhethwa isibhamu esingu-105 mm futhi sasiyini? Kwakuyisibhamu sasendle esingu-10 cm schwere i-Kanone 18 (10 cm sK 18) esinomthamo wangempela ongu-105 mm. Isibhamu sasizosetshenziselwa ukucekela phansi izinqaba zensimu yesitha ngomlilo oqondile kanye nezimoto ezisindayo zokulwa. Ukuthuthukiswa kwayo kwenziwa ngo-1926, futhi izinkampani ezimbili zangenela umncintiswano, abahlinzeki bendabuko bezikhali zebutho laseJalimane, uKrupp noRheinmetall. Ngo-1930, inkampani ye-Rheinmetall yawina, kodwa iloli elidonsayo elinamasondo kanye nezingxenye ezimbili zomsila ezigoqekayo zayalelwa ku-Krupp. Lo mshini wawufakwe inganono engu-105 mm Rheinmetall ubude bomphongolo obungamacaliber angu-52 (5,46 m) kanye nesisindo esiphelele esingu-5625 kg kanye nesibhamu. Ngenxa ye-engeli yokuphakama ukusuka ku--0º ukuya ku-48º, isibhamu sadubula ibanga elingafika ku-19 km ngesisindo se-projectile esingu-15,4 kg, sidubula ngesivinini sokuqala esingu-835 m/s. Isivinini esinjalo sokuqala esinesisindo esibalulekile se-projectile sanikeza amandla abalulekile we-kinetic, okwakuqinisekisa ukubhujiswa okuphumelelayo kwezimoto ezihlomile. Ebangeni elingama-500 m ngelungiselelo eliqondile lezikhali, kwakungenzeka ukungena ku-149 mm wezikhali, endaweni eyi-1000 m - 133 mm, ebangeni elingu-1500 m - 119 mm kanye nebanga lika-2000 m - 109 mm. mm. Ngisho noma sicabangela ukuthi emthambekeni ongu-30 ° lawa magugu angaphansi kwengxenye yesithathu, ayesahlaba umxhwele uma kuqhathaniswa namakhono e-anti-tank kanye nezibhamu zamathangi ngaleso sikhathi.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi nakuba lezi zibhamu zazisetshenziswa unomphela kuma-divisional artillery regiments, kuma-artillery squadrons (ibhethri elilodwa iqembu ngalinye), eduze kuka-15 cm Schwere Feldhaubitze 18 (sFH 18) howwitzers 150 mm cal. ekuqaleni kuka-1433, uma kuqhathaniswa ne-sFH 1944 howitzer, ekhiqizwa kuze kube sekupheleni kwempi, futhi yakhiwe ngenani le-18. Nokho, yadubula ama-projectiles anamandla kakhulu anesisindo se-6756 kg, cishe izikhathi ezintathu amandla okuqhuma.
