Idrayivu yokuhlola i-BMW 330e ne-Tesla Model 3: Ezintathu kokuthathu

Ukuhlolwa okungajwayelekile kwemiqondo emibili ehlukene ephathelene nogesi

Siqhathanise kaningi izimoto nezinjini zikadizili noma uphethiloli sifuna izinzuzo zento ngayinye. Ngaphandle kokuhlolwa okujwayelekile kokuqhathanisa phakathi kwamamodeli anezici ezifanayo nezinjini zohlobo olufanayo. Lesi sikhathi sizokhuluma ngendlela entsha, kepha hhayi ngokungalindelekile. Sizoqhathanisa izinhlobo ezihlanzekile zikagesi nezama-plug-in maqondana nokugibela nokuphathwa.

Nge-BMW, ​​i-330e ihamba ngomgwaqo onguthelawayeka ibheke enyakatho ngesivinini esingu-160 km/h Ingaphezulu lendawo, eyake yasetshenziselwa izinjongo zempi, inemifantu, kodwa i-chassis ye-hybrid "ezintathu" idlulisa. ingxenye encane yamaqhubu kubagibeli. Lokhu kuyiqiniso kuwo womabili amalunga amafushane angashoni namagagasi amakhulu. Ukumiswa kwe-kinematic okuyinkimbinkimbi ye-330e kuqinisekisa kokubili ukunethezeka kwabagibeli kanye nokufaka amakhona okunembe ngama-dampers aguqukayo. Ukuba nazo kuyisici esibalulekile uma kubhekwa amathayi angu-18 inch kanye nesisindo semoto esiyi-1832kg. Kodwa-ke, ukuziphatha kwe-chassis kuhlanzekile, kunokuxhumana okuqondile okuhlukile kanye nokudluliswa okuhlungwe kahle kolwazi olusuka emgwaqeni.

Itafula elibucayi ngokwalo

Ukuziphatha kwedrayivu akusaleli ngemuva kokunemba kwezinto ezibekiwe. Ukudluliswa okuzenzekelayo kwejubane eziyisishiyagalombili kuqinisekisa ukuvumelanisa okuphelele kwenjini kanye ne-torque converter motor ene-83 kW (ngamanye amagama, i-113 hp), ihambisa i-torque engu-265 Nm. Amandla amakhulu wokutakula amandla omshini angama-20 kW, athunyelwa yi-elekthronikhi kubhethri le-lithium-ion elinamandla aphelele ayi-12 kWh. Lesi sakamuva sitholakala esikhaleni esingenhla kwe-ekseli langemuva nangaphansi kwesiqu, okuholela ekutheni ivolumu yaso yehliswe ukusuka kumalitha angama-480 kuye kwangama-375. Lokhu okungalungile kukhokhelwa ngandlela thile ngokuhamba kahle nangokugoqeka ku-40: 20: 40 ratio yesihlalo sangemuva.

Kuze kufike ku-110 km / h ngemodi ye-hybrid, imoto kagesi ingathatha ukulawula idrayivu, futhi kumodi kagesi emsulwa, lesi sivinini sikhuphukela ku-140 km / h. Ukusuka lapha, noma uma kwenzeka kufunwa amandla kungazelelwe, injini yomlilo yangaphakathi yamasilinda amane ifakiwe kwi-equation (kunjalo, okuningi kaningi kumodi ye-hybrid). Uphethiloli we-turbo injini uqobo uthuthukisa amandla we-184 hp. kanye ne-torque engu-300 Nm ngo-1350 rpm. Ngakho-ke, inhlanganisela yemishini emibili inikeza amandla ahlanganisiwe ne-torque ka-252 hp. kanye no-420 Nm. Kumodi ebizwa nge-XtraBoost mode (imodi yezemidlalo) noma ukukhahlela phansi, amandla amakhulu angafika ku-292 hp. okwesikhashana.

Lesi sakamuva sizwakala simangalisa kakhulu kunalokho esiyikho ngempela.Igama eliyisihluthulelo lapha “isisindo”. Nakuba i-sprint engu-6,1 isekhondi ku-100-3 km/h ihlaba umxhwele impela, ngokwehlukana kwayo ayibukeki ixakile njengeTesla Model 330 ngenxa yemvelo eqondile yakamuva yokushayela ugesi kuphela. Ngaphandle kokunemba kokudlulisela, i-XNUMXe ithatha isikhathi eside ukuze isebenze futhi ivumelanise zonke izingxenye zayo.

Ngemuva, i-soundscape ihlanganisa umsindo ongakhuthazi weyunithi yamasilinda amane, kodwa lokho kuyiqiniso kuphela uma kukhulunywa ngokusheshisa okukhulunywa ngakho. Ngokushayela umfaniswano emgwaqeni onguthelawayeka, iyafiphala ngemuva njengengxenye yokwakheka okuvumelanayo kwemoto kanye no-chassis oshiwo nesiteringi. Kwengezwe kulokhu izihlalo ezimise kahle ezakha ukuhlangana kwe-sedan emiswe kahle kusukela engxenyeni yebanga eliphakathi nendawo. Uzungezwe izinto zekhwalithi kanye nezingxenye ezihlanganiswe ngokuphelele - kufanele ubhekisise ngempela ukuze uthole okuthile ngaphansi kwezinyawo zakho okubonisa ukucinga indlela yokunciphisa izindleko zezinto. I-remote-controlled cruise control isebenza ngokwethembeka futhi ibhalisa ukuma ngaphambi kwesikhathi kwezimoto, kanti uhlelo lokuqaphela izimpawu zomgwaqo lusebenza ngokufunda okungase kube ngamaphesenti angama-95. Futhi isistimu yomsindo ye-Harman iyithola kalula indawo yayo kule nala yokunethezeka; ezinye zezici ze-inthanethi zesistimu ye-infotainment kuphela ezishiya okuthile ongakufisa.

Olunye uhlangothi lwesisindo

Kodwa-ke, umculo uthatha ubukhulu obuhluke ngokuphelele lapho ungena ngaphakathi kweTesla. Kulokhu, imodeli ibonisa okuthile okujwayelekile kwezimoto zikagesi ngokujwayelekile. Okokuqala, kuyahlaba umxhwele, okokuqala ngoba i-Tesla isheshe iba nomsindo kune-BMW, ​​futhi okwesibili ngoba amandla okuqhuma athatha ingqondo yakho ngemva nje kokwethulwa. Yilokho kuphela - nakuba imodeli ehloliwe ikwinguqulo yesisekelo, ene-mileage evamile i-Standard Plus futhi inamandla enjini eyodwa kuphela engu-190kW (258hp) (synchronous) kanye ne-torque esuka ku-525Nm etholakala ngoziro. uguquko. Jehova.

Ukubandlulula mayelana nesisindo sezimoto zikagesi kungabekwa eceleni, ngoba ku-1622 kg i-Model 3 ilula kakhulu kune-330e. Kuthatha imizuzwana engu-5,9 ukuthi imoto yaseMelika ifinyelele ku-100 km/h, u-160 km/h nayo ingagcinwa kalula, futhi uma izimo zivuma, amanani aphezulu kakhulu angenzeka. Kodwa-ke, ukugcina lesi sakamuva kuhambisana nokwehla okubonakalayo nokusheshayo ezingeni lokushaja ibhethri elinamandla amakhulu angama-55 kWh. Njengochwepheshe bebhethri, uTesla uhlose ukwehlisa inani lezinsimbi ezingavamile - ngezinga elijwayelekile le-cobalt elingamaphesenti angu-8, lingamaphesenti angu-2,8 kuphela kumabhethri asetshenziswa inkampani. Ngendlela, i-BMW ithi izinjini zabo zikagesi zesizukulwane esilandelayo (kusukela ngo-2021) ngeke zisebenzise izinsimbi ezingavamile.

Lapha futhi manje, ama-330e agabisa ngamaphesenti angama-20 ukukhishwa okungaphansi kwe-CO2 kune-330i, kucatshangelwa wonke umjikelezo wokukhiqizwa kwamandla. Futhi lapho usebenzisa ugesi kusuka emithonjeni evuselelekayo, leli nani landa kakhulu.

Ngokwemvelo, ukulingana ngemisebe kuleli cala nakho kuyathuthuka noTesla. Kuthatha amahora ayi-100 ukushaja ibhethri elikhulu kusuka ku-zero kuye kumaphesenti ayi-12 wenethiwekhi ejwayelekile yasekhaya, kepha lolu lwazi, ngendlela, aluthinti ngqo isivivinyo. Lapha asigxili kumandla wokushaja noma isikhathi esisithathayo ukwenza kanjalo, njengoba sihlala senza ngezimoto ezi-hybrid noma zikagesi.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, sigxila kumapharamitha afana ne-mileage ephelele nokusetshenziswa kwamandla kaphethiloli / amandla. ITesla inokugcina nge-17,1 kWh, enikezela ngemoto uhla lwamakhilomitha angama-326. Ama-330e athola ibanga eliphelele eliphindwe kabili, ngesabelo sedrayivu kagesi esingamakhilomitha angama-54. Kodwa-ke, noma ngabe i-mileage isiyonke ibifana, lokhu bekungeke kube yinkinga, ngoba imoto ingagcwalisa ithangi layo ngophethiloli ngemizuzu embalwa. IModeli 3 iphikisana nokuthokozela komshayeli kuleli cilongo.

Izingelosi ze-Guardian ngokuzila ukudla

Emgwaqeni, imodeli kagesi ikhombisa uhlamvu lwayo oluthe thuthu ngokumiswa okuqinile - sibonga ngokwengxenye amathayi amakhulu angama-intshi angu-19 (kuyakhetheka). Ukuzinza kwesondo lokuqondisa endaweni ephakathi akufinyeleleki, ukunemba kwempendulo nakho akulungile, futhi ngisho nalapho ushayela ngokuqondile, imoto idinga ukugxila okungaphezu kwe "troika" yaseBavaria.

Lokhu kungase kudinge ukuthembela okwengeziwe kusirekhoda noma umsizi we-autopilot. Kodwa eyokuqala isebenza ngokungenangqondo, kanti eyesibili inamandla, kodwa ayinembile. Ngicabanga ukuthi kungcono ukuthembela ekhonweni lakho lokushayela. Ngokushesha ngemva kokushiya umgwaqo omkhulu nokushayela emigwaqweni enamajika amaningi, i-Model 3 ivula amanye amathuba. Ukuphenduka igama elingukhiye. Amabhuleki, ukugcinwa okugwegwile. I-Tesla ikwenza uzizwe uqiniseka ngokunikeza "igesi" eyengeziwe. Kodwa lokhu kuyahlanya! Woza, mhlawumbe ngaphezulu! Kulezo zikhathi ezingavamile lapho unethuba lokubuka ithebhulethi ephakathi nendawo, ebonisa lonke ulwazi olutholakalayo, uyabona ukuthi isignali yokulawula ivuliwe ukuze wenze kusebenze ama-electronics okulawula.

Kepha lokhu kunjalo ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu. Ngokwenzayo, iModeli 3 ihambisa amandla emasondweni ngokushesha okukhulu nangokunembile. Noma kwenziwa i-ESP, ikwenza ngendlela ebucayi kakhulu. Lokhu kwenziwa ukudluliswa okuqondile kwe-torque kusuka kumoto kagesi kuya ku-asi engemuva nethuba lokulawulwa kwayo okuqondile.

Naphezu kokwakhiwa okuqondile kwe-chassis kulezi zimo, umshayeli we-Bavarian "troika" kufanele ahlale eqinile kakhulu ukuze akwazi ukulandela imoto yaseMelika. Ngokungafani nezinguqulo ze-Model 3 nezijwayelekile ezingu-3 Series, i-hybrid Bavarian ayinakho ukusatshalaliswa okuhle kwesisindo futhi ibuswa amatafula aku-axle yangemuva. Lokhu-ke, kuba yinkinga kumshayeli, okufanele anqande ukuthambekela kwe-asi yangaphambili elula ukuthi ingabambeki emakhoneni - ingxenye enkulu ngenxa yokuncika komzimba.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ikhono lokudambisa ngokushesha ukudlidliza komzimba liyazikhulumela ekuhlolweni kokusebenza okuguquguqukayo. Idizayini yokumiswa eyinkimbinkimbi nephumelelayo ye-330e kanye nebhalansi yokudlulisa isisindo esiguqukayo ikugcina usezingeni eliphezulu lokudonsa nesigqi esihle ekuhlolweni okufana ne-18m slalom kanye nokushintsha kwemizila emibili. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, u-Tesla uqala phansi bese enyakazisa ingemuva, okubuye kubangele ukwethuka engxenyeni ye-electronics elawulayo. Kodwa siyaphinda - lokhu kusebenza emiphumeleni yokuhlolwa okwedlulele, ngaphandle kwalokho emgwaqeni ezimweni zangempela, ukuziphatha kuyancomeka.

Ngakho-ke i-Model 3 iphinda ikubambe futhi ikubophe ngokushesha. Igcina ukuziphatha kokungathathi hlangothi isikhathi eside ekhoneni ngaphambi kokuthi kuqale ukwehla kancane kancane. Ukushintsha umthwalo lapho usuka kumodi yomkhawulo kuholela ekunyakazeni kancane ngemuva, kodwa lokhu kulawulwa kalula yi-electronics. Emotweni, uhlala eduze ne-axis emaphakathi, futhi i-ergonomic yesihlalo ikuvumela ukuthi ugxile ekushayeleni ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa yinoma yini enye. Ngeshwa, futhi akukho lutho olubalulekile. Lonke ulwazi nokulawulwa komsebenzi (ngaphandle kwama-wiper namasignali wokujika) kuhlelwe kuthebhulethi eyodwa - futhi, ngeshwa, ngaphandle kokuphakama kwe-ergonomics ngenxa yomyalo wezwi ongaphumeleli kakhulu.

Akukacaci ukuthi yisiphi isisusa sokunciphisa izindleko esiholele uTesla ukuthi enze izinqumo ezinjalo ze-ergonomic. Futhi futhi kungani bekudingekile ukonga ekufakweni - umsindo we-aerodynamic ovela emnyango womshayeli udlula owezinye izinto eziguquguqukayo, khumbula, ngophahla oluvulekile. Futhi ukuntuleka kokudweba ezingxenyeni ezingaphezulu kungabonakala ngaphandle kokukhipha i-cladding.

Yebo, i-Tesla isiqala ukwenza abangane abaningi futhi ujabulele ukushayela, kodwa i-BMW iyimoto enhle. Futhi okuningi ngokunembe okwengeziwe.

ISIPHETHO

1. BMW

Isiphetho sicacile: imoto ingcono. Okwani? Ukumiswa okunethezeka ngokwengeziwe, izihlalo ezinhle kakhulu, amasistimu wokusekela anokwethenjelwa. Kunzima kakhulu ukugibela ngenjabulo.

2. tesla

Isiphetho esingangabazeki: imoto emnandi kunazo zonke ukushayela. Kujabulisa umshayeli ngokuphatha okunamandla, amazinga aphezulu okuphepha nokukhishwa kukagesi. Ngeshwa, umsebenzi wenziwa kahle.

umbhalo:

UJens Drale

isithombe: UTyson Jopson