Ngokwemvelo aspirated noma turbo? Iyini injini eshisekelayo ngokwemvelo, ilawulwa kanjani, futhi ihluke kanjani enjinini ene-turbocharged?

Injini iyimoto ukuthi iyini inhliziyo kumuntu. Ilawula cishe zonke ezinye izinhlelo, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, njengenhliziyo, idinga amandla. Uyithathephi?

Hhayi-ke, ubuchwepheshe buqhamuke nezindlela eziningi zokugcina izinjini zihamba. Izinketho ezimbili ngokungangabazeki phakathi kwezithandwa kakhulu yizinguqulo ezifunwa ngokwemvelo kanye ne-turbo. Lezi yizinhlobo zezinjini esizibheka kulesi sihloko.

Funda ukuze uthole, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ukuthi yini eyenza ngamunye wabo agqame. Iyiphi engcono mayelana nokusebenza? Ugibela kanjani ngayinye yazo?

Izinjini ezishibhile ngokwemvelo uma ziqhathaniswa nanamuhla

Ukucaciswa kwezimakethe zanamuhla akuhambisani nokwakhiwa kwezinjini ezikhiqiza amandla ngendlela evamile. Izinhlaka zikahulumeni zihlale ziqinisa imingcele yokukhipha umoya, okwandisa isidingo sezimoto ezisebenzisa uphethiloli omncane.

Ezimweni ezinjalo, kunzima ukucabanga izinguqulo ezilandelayo ze-V8 injini enamandla amakhulu kune-Olympic pool.

Nalapha futhi, bayanda abakhiqizi aba turbocharged njengoba lolu hlobo lwenjini lubavumela ukuthi bathuthukise ukusebenza kahle kwemoto ngaphandle kokudela ukusebenza. Nokho, abanye babhekisela kulokhu njengokuthi "kwakudala" ukukhulisa amandla.

Ingabe ngempela?

Ukuze siphendule lo mbuzo, okokuqala sidinga ukucacisa ukuthi iyini injini efisa ngokwemvelo kanye nenjini ye-turbo? Qhubeka ufunde futhi uthole.

Iyini injini efiselekayo ngokwemvelo?

Mercedes Benz ngokwemvelo aspirated injini (diesel). Isithombe: Diolevsky / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 3.0

Ngaphambi kokuba wazi impendulo, udinga ukwazi ukuthi noma iyiphi injini evuthayo yangaphakathi idonsa emoyeni ozungezile. Kungani? Ngoba ngaphandle kwe-oxygen, uphethiloli ngeke uvutha, okuzogcina kuholele ekuntulekeni kwamandla enjini.

Futhi umthetho ojwayelekile ukuthi lapho umoya ungena ngaphakathi, amandla engeziwe - yiqiniso, inqobo nje uma sihlanganise amabhlogo afanayo.

Uma sikhuluma ngenjini eshiselwa ngokwemvelo, sisho isixazululo lapho umoya ungena khona ngokwemvelo enjinini (okungukuthi, ngenxa yomehluko wengcindezi phakathi kwemvelo negumbi elivuthayo). Kuyinto elula yendabuko injini evuthayo.

Okwamanje, ungayithola kuphela ezimotweni zikaphethiloli futhi kuseyivelakancane. Udizili sekunesikhathi eside bashintshela ku-turbocharging ngenxa yezizathu zemvelo, esibhale ngazo ngenhla.

Iyini injini ye-turbo?

Ngokungafani nowandulelayo, injini ye-turbo impompa umoya ngemishini egumbini elivuthayo. Ikwenza nge-turbocharger.

Ama-turbines amancane enza umphumela wokungeniswa, okunikeza injini umoya owengeziwe, ngesikhathi esifanayo unengcindezi ephakeme kunokucindezela komkhathi. Umphumela uba "ukuqhuma" okunamandla kukaphethiloli ekamelweni elivuthayo, okuholela emandleni anamandla.

Kodwa-ke, njengoba uzobona maduze, lokhu akuwona kuphela umehluko phakathi kwama-motor amabili.

Izinjini ezishibhile ngokwemvelo nezidizili - ukuqhathanisa

Ngezansi uzothola ukuqhathanisa izici ezibaluleke kakhulu injini ngayinye. Ukuze sikunikeze isithombe esinembile salesi simo, sibheka ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli, ukusheshisa, ubunzima futhi, yiqiniso, amandla.

Pho siqala ngaphi?

Ngokwemvelo aspirated noma turbo? Yini ezoba ngcono?

Ukusetshenziswa komoya

Injini ye-turbo Ford Falcon. Isithombe ngu: dave_7 / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY 2.0

Ngokomqondo wabalimi, i-turbocharging izonyusa isidingo senjini kaphethiloli. Iqiniso.

Nokho, kukhona eyodwa "kodwa".

Ake sikuchaze lokhu ngesibonelo sezinjini ezimbili: injini engu-2 litre eshisekela ngokwemvelo kanye nenjini engu-1,5-litre turbo. Ngenxa ye-turbocharging yesibili, zombili zikhiqiza amandla afanayo, kodwa injini efisa ngokwemvelo inamandla angeziwe, ngakho isebenzisa uphethiloli owengeziwe.

Yiqiniso, uma singaqhathanisa izinjini ezimbili ezifanayo, inguqulo ye-turbo izolambela amandla amaningi. Nokho, ngenxa yokuthi ikwazi ukukhipha amandla afanayo enjinini encane, iyonga kakhulu.

Ukufingqa: uhlobo olushiwo ngokwemvelo ludla uphethiloli omncane ngosayizi wenjini ofanayo. Kodwa-ke, uma amandla enjini ecatshangelwa, inguqulo ye-turbocharged inikeza ukusebenza okufanayo nokusebenza kahle okukhulu.

ukusheshisa

Uyazi kakade ukuthi injini ye-turbo inamandla amakhulu, kodwa i-overclocking iyisithende sayo se-Achilles. Kungani? Ngoba lezi zinhlobo zezinjini zithatha isikhathi ukuthi i-turbocharger yakhe ingcindezi.

Amagesi okukhipha amandla asetshenziselwa lokhu, futhi njengoba wazi kahle, azikho eziningi zazo lapho uqala injini. Kodwa-ke, ubuchwepheshe besimanje buvele busebenza ukuqeda i-overclocking lag.

Sesikushilo lokho, siphawula ukuthi i-turbocharging ayimbi neze kunenguqulo efiselekayo ngokwemvelo. Ukushoda ekuqaliseni injini kwenziwa ngokushesha ngamandla engeziwe.

Ngokuqondene nenguqulo efiselekayo ngokwemvelo, akukho ukubambezeleka. Injini inokwenyuka okuzinzile kwamandla. Inetorque ephezulu ku-rpm ephansi namandla aphezulu ku-rpm ephezulu ngaphandle kokushelela.

Ukuncintisana

Umqondo olula uwukuthi uma into ethile inemininingwane eyengeziwe, maningi amathuba okuba yehluleke. Kwenzeka lokhu nje i-turbocharging iyisengezo senjini ejwayelekile eshisekelayo ngokwemvelo. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, yengeza ohlelweni oludala:

• ukuxhumana okwengeziwe,
• i-intercooler,
• vacuum hose noma
• inani elikhulu lokufakwa kwe-hydraulic.

Lokhu kwandisa amathuba okwaliwa. Ngisho nengxenye eyodwa eyonakele ingaholela ezinkingeni zohlelo olubanzi.

Njengoba injini eshajwe kakhulu ngokuvamile ilula, inezinga eliphansi lokuhluleka futhi ngenxa yalokho izindleko zokukhanda eziphansi (imvamisa).

Injini eshisekela ngokwemvelo (7 l). Isithombe Mtyson84 / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 4.0

Mok

Akumele kumangaze kunoma ngubani ukuthi kukhona i-turbocharging ukukhulisa amandla enjini. Igama ngokwalo liyakubonisa lokhu. Lobu buchwepheshe bukhiqiza amandla engeziwe ezinjinini ezincane, ngakho-ke busebenza kahle kakhulu kunezinguqulo ezikhokhiswa kakhulu ngokwesiko kule ndawo.

Nokho, ngokuphambene nokubukeka, lezi zamuva zisavikelekile.

Ngenxa yezixazululo ezintsha zobuchwepheshe, izinjini ezishibhile ngokwemvelo zandisa i-torque, kodwa imiphumela iseyimbi kakhulu uma iqhathaniswa nama-turbocharger. Mhlawumbe sizobona impumelelo kule ndawo esikhathini esizayo esiseduze?

Kuze kube manje, i-turbo iwina ngokucacile emandleni.

Isetshenziswa kanjani injini efiselekayo ngokwemvelo? Ingabe ushayela kangcono?

Enye inselele emqhudelwaneni olindelwe ngokwemvelo ngokumelene ne-turbo ukushayela nokuwujabulela. Ingabe kukhona umehluko omkhulu lapha?

Yebo. Sesivele sibhale ngabo mayelana ne-overclocking.

Njengoba izinjini ezishibhile ngokwemvelo zinerempu yamandla engaguquki, ukusetshenziswa kwazo (ikakhulukazi lapho ziqala) kulula. Futhi, kufanelekile ukuzibuza, kungani udinga i-turbo? Uma ushayela kakhulu emigwaqweni yasemadolobheni, awudingi "push" okwengeziwe nganoma yini.

Futhi, kwabanye, injabulo yokushayela ngenjini eshisekela ngokwemvelo ngeke ikwazi ukumelana nayo (i-V6 enamandla noma i-V8 ingase ikuhlabe umxhwele). Ikakhulukazi njengoba amandla engeziwe kuma-rpms aphansi esebenza kahle kakhulu uma kuziwa ekudonseni noma "ukukhula" ngenjini.

I-exhaust nayo izwakala kakhulu "yemisipha" lapha.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, injini ye-turbo encane ilula futhi ayithathi isikhala esiningi, okungaba nomthelela omuhle ekuphatheni.

Injini yeTurbo

Izimoto ezinenjini efisa ngokwemvelo - izinzuzo nezingozi

Usuvele wazi ukuthi yini umehluko phakathi kwenjini efisa ngokwemvelo kanye nenjini ye-turbo. Sekuyisikhathi sokubheka izinzuzo nezinkinga zayo uma kuqhathaniswa nesimbangi.

Injini efiselekayo ngokwemvelo - izinzuzo:

• Akukho ukubambezeleka (i-turbo lag phenomenon);
• Ukuzuza kwamandla okuzinzile;
• Ngokuvamile umklamo olula, okuyinto ezimweni eziningi iholela ekwehleni kwenani lokwehluleka kanye nezindleko zokulungisa;
• Asikho isidingo sokupholisa i-turbine ngemva kokugibela kanzima.

Injini efiselekayo ngokwemvelo - ukungalungi:

• Ayicindezeli esihlalweni kanzima njengenjini ene-turbocharged (kodwa kukhona izinjini ezinkulu ngokwemvelo ezifisayo ezingenza lokho);
• Ngenxa yemikhawulo yesimo sezulu, umshuwalense ubiza kakhulu (ikakhulukazi ngomthamo omkhulu);
• Ukusebenza kahle okuphansi ngokombono (ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli okuphezulu).

Ingabe injini eshisekela ngokwemvelo iyinto yesikhathi esedlule?

Ekuqaleni kwalesi sihloko, sikhulume ngezindinganiso eziqinile zokukhipha umoya. Kuyizizathu zokuthi kungani izinjini ezishibhile ngokwemvelo zithathelwa indawo embonini yezimoto.

Lokhu kuqinisekiswa yiqiniso lokuthi izinhlobo eziningi ezidumile sezivele ziwashiyile ngokuphelele. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi sikhuluma ngezimoto eziklanyelwe wonke umuntu (njenge-BMW, ​​i-Mercedes noma i-Alfa Romeo) noma izimoto zikanokusho (njenge-Rolls-Royce, i-Maserati, i-Bentley), iningi lazo alisazenzi izinjini ezishibhile ngokwemvelo.

Uma uya endaweni edayisa izimoto namuhla, ungamangali ukuthi imoto yomndeni enamandla inenjini engu-1,5 litre, kodwa inama-turbocharger amabili.

Injini ye-Saab efiselekayo ngokwemvelo. Isithombe ngu: Mnu. Ama-Choppers / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 3.0

Uma uqhubeka nokusebenzisa injini enesifiso ngokwemvelo, uzobhekana nenkinga yangempela. Kufanele sifune phakathi kwemikhiqizo embalwa yaseKorea noma yaseJapan (Toyota, Mazda, Lexus). Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungase kube amanye amamodeli Ford (Mustang), Lamborghini noma Porsche ...

... Kodwa, njengoba ubona, lezi ngokuvamile izimoto ezinkulu.

Isixazululo esikahle kuphela kuleli cala ukufaka isicelo sezimoto ezindala, ezisetshenzisiwe. Kodwa-ke, inkinga lapha ukuthi ngeke ihambisane nezici zamamodeli amasha.

Injini efiselekayo ngokwemvelo noma injini ye-turbo? Yini engcono?

Eqinisweni, kukuwo wonke umshayeli ukuzinqumela. Ezimakethe zanamuhla, kulula ukubona ukuthi kungani i-turbo ihamba phambili kulo mqhudelwano. Izinjini zalolu hlobo zisebenza kahle kakhulu (okungenani ngombono), zinikeza amandla amaningi futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, aziphikisani nemfashini yesimanje emkhakheni we-ecology.

Yebo, bobabili banokuhle nokubi, kepha i-turbocharging iyisixazululo sekusasa.

Nokho, kubathandi besiko, izibani emhubheni azikacimi. Ezinye izinkampani (njenge-Mazda noma i-Aston Martin) azizilahli izinjini ezishibhile ngokwemvelo futhi zihlala zisebenza ngobuchwepheshe obungaqhudelana ne-turbocharging.