TOP-10 Izimoto ezihamba phambili zikagesi 2020

Yini imoto kagesi

Imoto kagesi iyimoto engashayelwa yinjini yomlilo yangaphakathi, kepha iqhutshwa yenjini eyodwa noma ngaphezulu kagesi anikwe amandla ngamabhethri noma ngamaseli kaphethiloli. Abashayeli abaningi bafuna uhlu lwezimoto zikagesi ezihamba phambili emhlabeni. Ngokumangazayo, imoto kagesi ivele ngaphambi kozakwabo kaphethiloli. Imoto yokuqala kagesi, eyadalwa ngo-1841, kwakuyinqola enomshini kagesi.

Ngenxa yohlelo lokushaja izimoto olungathuthuki kahle, izimoto zikaphethiloli ziyinqobile impi yokuthula ukulawula imakethe yezimoto. Kwaze kwaba ngawo-1960 lapho kwaqala ukuvela khona intshisekelo ezimotweni zikagesi. Isizathu salokhu bekuyizinkinga zemvelo zezimoto nenkinga yamandla, okubangele ukwanda okukhulu kwezindleko zikaphethiloli.

Ukuthuthukiswa komkhakha wezimoto zezimoto zikagesi

Ku-2019, inani lezimoto zikagesi ezikhiqizwayo likhule kakhulu. Cishe wonke ama-automaker azihloniphayo azamile nje kuphela ukukwazi ukukhiqiza izimoto zikagesi, kepha nokukhulisa umugqa wazo ngangokunokwenzeka. Lo mkhuba, ngokusho kochwepheshe, uzoqhubeka ngo-2020.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi cishe zonke izinkampani zizama ukuthola i-Tesla (okuyinto, ngendlela, yethula i-roadster kulo nyaka) futhi ekugcineni ikhiqiza ama-EV akhiqizwa ngobuningi kuwo wonke amanani amanani - amamodeli okuqala aklanywe kahle futhi. elakhiwe kahle. Ngamafuphi, u-2020 kuzoba unyaka lapho izimoto zikagesi zizoba yimfashini ngempela.

Amakhulu ezinto ezintsha zikagesi kufanele ziqale ukuthengiswa ezinyangeni ezizayo, kepha sizamile ukukhetha okuyishumi kokuthakazelisa kakhulu: kusuka kumamodeli asemadolobheni amancane kusuka emidondoshiya yezimboni zezimoto kuya ezimotweni zikagesi ezisindayo ezivela kubabambiqhaza abasha bezimakethe.

Izinzuzo zezimoto ezihamba phambili zikagesi

Imoto kagesi inezinzuzo eziningi ezingenakuphikwa: ukungabikho kwamagesi okukhipha alimaza imvelo nezinto eziphilayo, izindleko zokusebenza eziphansi (njengoba ugesi ushibhile kakhulu kunophethiloli wemoto), ukusebenza kahle kwemoto kagesi (90-95%, kanye ukusebenza kahle kwenjini kaphethiloli kungama-22-42% kuphela), ukuthembeka okuphezulu nokuqina, ubulula bokudizayina, ikhono lokuphinda lisuswe esokeni elijwayelekile, ingozi yokuqhuma okuphansi engozini, ukushelela okuphezulu.

Kodwa ungacabangi ukuthi izimoto zikagesi azinazo izinto ezimbi. Phakathi kwamaphutha alolu hlobo lwemoto, umuntu angasho ukungapheleli kwamabhethri - asebenza emazingeni okushisa aphezulu kakhulu (ngaphezu kuka-300 ° C), noma abe nezindleko eziphakeme kakhulu, ngenxa yokuba khona kwezinsimbi ezibizayo kuzo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, amabhethri anjalo anesilinganiso esiphakeme sokuzikhipha futhi ukushaja kwawo kuthatha isikhathi eside kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nokushaja uphethiloli. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inkinga ukulahlwa kwamabhethri aqukethe izinto ezahlukahlukene ezinobuthi nama-asidi, ukungabi bikho kwengqalasizinda efanelekile yokushaja amabhethri, amathuba okugcwala ngokweqile kumanethiwekhi kagesi ngesikhathi sokushaja kabusha okuvela kwinethiwekhi yasekhaya, okungathinta kabi ikhwalithi yokuphakelwa kwamandla.

Uhlu lwezimoto ezihamba phambili zikagesi 2020

I-Volkswagen ID.3 – №1 yezimoto zikagesi ezihamba phambili

Kunezimoto ezimbalwa zikagesi emndenini wakwaVolkswagen, kepha i-ID.3 mhlawumbe ibaluleke kakhulu. Izotholakala iqala ku- $ 30,000 futhi izonikezwa ngamazinga amathathu okuncipha futhi ifana kakhulu neGalofu. Njengoba inkampani ichaza, ingaphakathi lemoto lingusayizi wePassat, futhi imininingwane yezobuchwepheshe yiGolf GTI.

Imodeli eyisisekelo inebanga lamakhilomitha angama-330 kumjikelezo we-WLTP, kanti inguqulo ephezulu ingahamba amakhilomitha angama-550. Isikrini se-infotainment esingu-10 intshi ngaphakathi sithatha indawo yezinkinobho eziningi nama-switch, futhi singasetshenziswa ukulawula cishe yonke into ngaphandle kokuvula amawindi namalambu aphuthumayo. Sekukonke, iVolkswagen ihlela ukukhiqiza izimoto zikagesi eziyizigidi eziyi-15 ngonyaka ka-2028.

Ukuthatha i-Rivian R1T – №2 yezimoto zikagesi ezihamba phambili

Kanye nokukhishwa kwe-R1S - i-SUV elayisha abantu abayisikhombisa enebanga elimenyezelwe elingaphezu kuka-600 km - u-Rivian uhlela ukukhulula iveni ye-R1T yezihlalo ezinhlanu endaweni efanayo ekupheleni konyaka. Kuwo womabili amamodeli, kuhlinzekwa amabhethri anamandla angu-105, 135 no-180 kWh, anebanga elingu-370, 480 no-600 km, ngokulandelana, nejubane elikhulu lika-200 km / h.

Ku-dashboard esemotweni kune-touchscreen engu-15.6-inch, isibonisi esingu-12.3-intshi esikhombisa zonke izinkomba, nesikrini esithintwayo esingu-6.8-intshi sabagibeli abangemuva. Isiqu salesi sigaxa siyimitha elilodwa ukujula futhi sinendawo yokukhiya ehamba ngokungagodliki yezinto ezinamandla. Imoto kagesi ifakwe uhlelo oludonsa ngawo wonke amasondo oluhambisa amandla phakathi kwama-motors kagesi amane afakwe esondweni ngalinye.

I-Aston Martin Rapide E - No3

Zingama-155 izimoto ezinjalo ezihlelelwe ukuthi zikhiqizwe. Abanikazi abajabulayo bale modeli bazothola i-Aston enebhethri le-lithium-ion engu-65 kWh namamoto amabili kagesi anomthamo ophelele ka-602 hp. futhi 950 Nm. Ijubane elikhulu lemoto lingu-250 km / h, lishesha liye emakhulwini ngemizuzwana engaphansi kwemine.

Ibanga lokuhamba ngomjikelezo we-WLTP lilinganiselwa ku-320 km. Ukukhokhiswa okugcwele okuvela esikhumulweni samakhilomitha angama-50 kuzothatha cishe ihora elilodwa, kanti kusuka esikhumulweni samakhilomitha ayi-100 kuzothatha imizuzu engama-40.

BMW iX3

I-crossover kagesi yokuqala yokukhiqiza yakwaBMW empeleni iyi-X3 efakwe kuplatifomu epulatifomu kagesi, lapho injini, ukudlulisa namandla kagesi manje sekuhlanganiswa kwaba yinto eyodwa. Umthamo webhethri ungama-70 kWh, okuvumela ukuthi ushayele ama-400 km kumjikelezo we-WLTP. Imoto kagesi ikhiqiza i-268 hp, futhi kuthatha uhhafu wehora kuphela ukugcwalisa ibanga ukusuka ekushajeni kuya ku-150 kW.

Ngokungafani neBMW i3, iX3 ibingakhiwanga njengemoto kagesi, kepha ibisebenzisa ipulatifomu ekhona. Le ndlela inika amandla weBMW ukukhiqiza okukhulu, okuvumela ukuthi izimoto ezingama-hybrid nezikagesi zakhiwe esisekelweni esisodwa. Izindleko zeBMW iX3 kulindeleke ukuthi zibe cishe ngama- $ 71,500.

I-Audi e-tron GT

I-E-Tron GT yakwa-Audi kuzoba yimoto yesithathu kagesi kulo lonke uhlobo ukwethulwa komkhiqizo ekupheleni kwalo nyaka. Imoto izothola amasondo amane, amandla aphelele ezinjini ezimbili zikagesi kuzoba amalitha angu-590. kusuka. Imoto izoshesha ifike ku-100 km / h ngemizuzwana nje engu-3.5, ifike ngejubane eliphezulu elilinganiselwa ku-240 km / h. Ububanzi bomjikelezo we-WLTP bulinganiselwa kuma-400 km, futhi ukushaja kuze kufike kumaphesenti angama-80 ngohlelo lwe-800-volt kuthatha imizuzu engama-20 kuphela.

Ngenxa yohlelo lokululama, ukwehla kuze kufike ku-0.3g kungasetshenziswa ngaphandle kosizo lwama-disc brakes. Ingaphakathi lisebenzisa izinto ezisimeme, kufaka phakathi isikhumba se-vegan. I-Audi e-tron GT empeleni iyisihlobo sePorsche Taycan futhi kulindeleke ukuthi ibize cishe ama- $ 130,000.

I-Mini Electric

Lapho isuka kulayini wokuhlangana ngoMashi 2020, iMini Electric izoba yimoto eshibhe kunawo wonke ekhathazekile ngeBMW, futhi izobiza ngaphansi kuneBMW i3. Imoto ingashesha ukusuka ku-0 iye ku-100 km / h ngemizuzwana engu-7.3, futhi amandla enjini ayi-184 hp. kanye nama-270 Nm.

Ijubane eliphezulu lilinganiselwe cishe ku-150 km / h, ibanga kumjikelezo we-WLTP lizohluka kusuka ku-199 kuye ku-231 km, futhi ibhethri lingavuselelwa lifinyelele kumaphesenti angama-80 esiteshini sokushaja okusheshayo ngemizuzu engama-35 kuphela. Le ndlu ine-touchscreen engu-6.5-intshi nohlelo lomsindo i-Harmon Kardon.

I-Polestar 2

Imoto kagesi edonsa ngawo wonke amasondo enamandla angu-300 kW (408 hp) izoba ngeyesibili emndenini wakwaPolestar (uphawu lweVolvo). Ngokuphathelene nezici zobuchwepheshe ezihlaba umxhwele, izofana neyandulelayo - ukusheshisa ukuya kwekhulu kumasekhondi angu-4.7, indawo yokugcina amandla engu-600 km kumjikelezo we-WLTP. Ingaphakathi le-Polestar 2, eliqala ku-$ 65,000, lizoba nesistimu ye-infotainment ye-Android engu-11 inch, futhi abanikazi bazokwazi ukuvula imoto ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-"Phone-as-Key".

Ukuvuselelwa kweVolvo XC40

Kuzoba yimoto yokuqala kagesi yakwaVolvo esebenza ngogesi onentengo yokungena engu- $ 65,000. (Ngokuvamile, ukukhathazeka kweSweden kulwela ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uhhafu wamamodeli abo athengiswa ngo-2025 azonikezwa ugesi). Imoto edonsa ngamasondo amane izokwamukela ama-motors amabili kagesi anomthamo ophelele ka-402 hp, okwazi ukusheshisa ufike kwikhulu ngemizuzwana engu-4.9 futhi unikeze isivinini esiphezulu esingu-180 km / h.

Amandla azohlinzekwa ngebhethri eliqongelela i-78 kW * h, elivumela ukuhamba cishe amakhilomitha angama-400 ngecala elilodwa. AbakwaVolvo bathi ibhethri lizolulama lisuke ku-150kW ngokushaja okusheshayo liye kumaphesenti angama-80 ngemizuzu engama-40. Imoto kagesi izokwakhiwa kupulatifomu entsha yeCompact Modular Architecture, esetshenziswa futhi kumamodeli weLynk & Co 01, 02 no-03 (lo mkhiqizo ungowenkampani yabazali yakwaGeely, inkampani yabazali bakwaVolvo).

Porsche Taycan

Iqiniso lokuthi iPorsche yethula izimoto zikagesi likhuluma lukhulu. UTaycan olindelwe kakhulu, ngentengo yokuqala engu- $ 108,000, uyisicabha esinezicabha ezine, esihlala abantu abahlanu esinenjini kagesi ku-ekseli ngalinye nobubanzi obungamakhilomitha angama-450 kumjikelezo we-WLTP.

Izotholakala ngezinguqulo zeTurbo neTurbo S. Lezi zokugcina zizothola isitshalo samandla esihambisa ama-460 kW (616 hp) ngenketho yokuqinisa ngokweqile ukukhulisa amandla ngemizuzwana engu-2.5 iye ku-560 kW (750 hp). Ngenxa yalokho, ukushesha ukuya ku-100 km / h kuzothatha imizuzwana engu-2.8, kanti isivinini esikhulu kuzoba ngu-260 km / h.

ILotus Evija

I-Lotus, ngenxa yokutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu okuvela kwa-Geely, nayo engumnikazi weVolvo ne-Polestar, ekugcineni ithole izinsiza zokwakha i-hypercar kagesi. Izobiza ama-dollar angu-2,600,000 150 2,000 futhi engu-1700 kuphela yale mishini ezokhiqizwa. Izici zobuchwepheshe zibucayi kakhulu - ama-motor kagesi amane akhiqiza i-0 hp. kanye ne-torque engu-300 Nm; ukusuka ku-9 kuye ku-5 km / h imoto ishesha ngemizuzwana engu-0 (imizuzwana emi-100 ngokushesha kuneBugatti Chiron), futhi isuka ku-3 iye ku-XNUMX km / h ngemizuzwana engaphansi kwemi-XNUMX.

Ijubane layo elikhulu ngu-320 km / h. Ibhethri elingamakhilogremu angu-680 elinamandla angama-70 kWh alikho ngaphansi, njengaseTesla, kodwa ngemuva kwezihlalo zangemuva, elehlise ukuphakama kokugibela laya ku-105 mm futhi ngasikhathi sinye laqinisekisa ibanga elingamakhilomitha angama-400 Umjikelezo we-WLTP.

Isiphetho

Izinkampani eziningi zakha amabhethri anezikhathi ezifushane zokushaja, zisebenzisa ama-nanomaterials kanye nobuchwepheshe besimanje. Konke ukukhathazeka kwezimoto okuzihloniphayo kukuthatha njengomsebenzi wawo ukwenza nokuqalisa emakethe imoto enamandla kagesi. Ukukhiqizwa kwezimoto ezisebenza ngogesi ngalesi sikhathi ngesikhathi kuyindawo eseqhulwini ekwakhiweni kwemboni yezimoto yomhlaba.