I-Biden izohlangana namuhla nabaholi bemboni yezimoto yase-US, esenkingeni ngenxa yokushoda kwama-chips: ukuvalwa kokukhiqiza kanye nokudilizwa.

Ukushoda kwama-chip embonini yezimoto sekuqale ukudala umonakalo ngo-2021, hhayi nje ngokuqeda inzuzo ekuthengisweni kwezimoto, kodwa nangokubangela izinkulungwane zabasebenzi balahlekelwe yimisebenzi.

I-White House ibambe ingqungquthela ye-CEO lapho uMongameli UJoe Biden ihlangane nabaholi abavela ezimbonini zezimoto, ezobuchwepheshe, ze-biotech kanye nezabathengi xoxa ngokushoda kwe-chip. Phakathi kwababambe iqhaza bekukhona abaphathi UMary Barra kusuka kum, UJim Farley Ford Motor Company kanye UPat Gelsinger kusuka ku-Intel.

Abaphathi bezimoto baqala ukuxwayisa ngakho ukuntuleka kwama-chips ekupheleni konyaka odlule. Lezi zexwayiso zisheshe zaholela ekuvalweni kwesikhashana kwemboni yezimoto. baphoqe abakhiqizi bezimoto ukuthi badilize amashumi ezinkulungwane zabasebenzi okwesikhashana Izimoto zase-USA. Ngezikhathi ezahlukene kusukela ekuqaleni konyaka. Abasebenzi ababalelwa ku-2,000 embonini yokuhlanganisa yakwaGM eFairfax babephakathi kwabokuqala abalahlekelwa yimisebenzi ngesikhathi uGM evala imboni ekuqaleni kukaFebhuwari ngenxa yokushoda kwezingxenye.

“Ngiyethemba ukuthi abantu abaphethe, okuhlanganisa nomengameli, bangaqhamuka nesu lokuqinisekisa ukuthi lokhu akuphindi kwenzeke,” usho kanje. UClarence E. Brown, umongameli wesahluko sendawo se-United Auto Workers eKansas, ohlangane noBiden ngesikhathi evakashele lesi sikhungo ngo-2019. “Akuyona nje iGeneral Motors noma iFord noma izimoto. Lokhu kuthinte nezinye izindawo zakuleli.”

Kepha ochwepheshe nezikhulu zenkampani bathi kuncane iBiden engakwenza ukuphoqa abenzi bama-chip, iningi labo elizinze e-Asia, ikakhulukazi eTaiwan, ukuthi banikele ngemali eyengeziwe embonini yezimoto yase-US. UBiden angase azame ukubafaka ingcindezi. Uphinde wasekela iziphakamiso zokugqugquzela intela kubakhiqizi baseMelika ukuthi benze izingxenye ezibalulekile e-United States ukugwema ukushoda kwesikhathi esizayo.

"Elinye lamathemba ethu ukuthi singaphuma emhlanganweni nohlelo kanye nemephu yomgwaqo ukuze sibuyele ekugcwalisekeni kwe-oda kwe-100% kuma-semiconductors ezimoto futhi sibe nokuqonda kwangempela nokubeka obala ukuthi lo mugqa wesikhathi uzobukeka kanjani," kusho. UMat Blunt, umongameli we-American Automotive Policy Council, emele i-GM, Ford kanye ne-Stellantis NV.

Blunt, owayengumbusi waseMissouri uthe ukukhiqiza ama-semiconductors engeziwe ngaphakathi kuyinkinga ehlangene ngenxa "yethonya elibalulekile lemboni yezimoto." emnothweni wase-US kanye nemithelela emibi kakhulu yalokhu kushoda kwe-semiconductor. "

I-Consultancy AlixPartners ilindele ukuthi ukushoda kuzobiza imboni yezimoto emhlabeni wonke okungenani ama-dollar ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-60,600 ngo-2021.

Ngokombiko owethulwe ekuqaleni kwale nyanga, imboni ye-semiconductor yase-US ithole u-$50,000 wezigidigidi. Ngomhla zingama-24 kuNhlolanja, waphinde wayala ukuthi kubuyekezwe izinsuku eziyi-100 zamaketanga okuphakela e-U.S. amabhethri athuthukile, imithi, amaminerali abalulekile nama-semiconductors.

Ama-semiconductors anezinhlelo zokukhiqiza ezinde kakhulu kanye nezikhathi zokulethwa ngenxa yenani lezinto nezingxenye ezisetshenzisiwe. ngama-chips. Balinganiselwa ku-12% kuphela enziwa e-United States, kusho izikhulu.

Kungani ama-semiconductor chips ebaluleke kangaka embonini yezimoto?

Ama-semiconductors ayizingxenye ezibalulekile embonini yezimoto, asetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ze-infotainment, ama-power steering nama-braking systems, phakathi kwezinye izinto.. Njengoba amafekthri amaningi evaliwe ngenxa ye-Covid ngonyaka odlule, abahlinzeki bathutha ama-semiconductors besuka kubakhiqizi bezimoto baya kwezinye izimboni, nokudala ukushoda ngemuva kokuthi isidingo sabathengi siphinde saqina kunalokho obekulindelwe. Izingcezu zingaqukatha osayizi abahlukene nezinhlobo zama-chips.

Lesi sithangami samahora amathathu besihlanganisa abaphathi bezobuchwepheshe kanye nabaholi abavela ezinkampanini ezincane namaqembu ezepolitiki, okuhlanganisa no-Blunt kanye John Bozzella, i-CEO ye-Alliance for Automotive Innovation, emele iningi labakhiqizi bezimoto abasebenza e-United States.

U-Bozzella ucele abaphathi be-Biden ukuthi basebenzise izinqubomgomo ezikhuthaza abakhiqizi base-US ukuthi bakhe ama-semiconductors e-United States, okuhlanganisa nekhredithi yentela yokutshala izimali "engasiza izinkampani ukwehlisa izindleko zokwakha imigqa emisha ezikhungweni" noma zinikeze kabusha ukukhiqizwa kwamanje ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo eziguqukayo.

Izimoto aziyona into ehamba phambili kubakhi bamashipa

Kunezizathu eziningi zokuthi kungani abenzi bezimoto bengeyona into ebaluleke kakhulu kubenzi bama-chip. Okokuqala, imboni yezimoto ithatha kuphela u-5% noma ngaphansi wokusetshenziswa kwe-chip emhlabeni jikelele, ngokusho kwezikhulu. Ama-chips amaningi asetshenziswa embonini yimikhiqizo emidala noma "yefa" izinkampani eziningi ezingazimisele ukutshala imali ekukhiqizeni. Esikhundleni salokho, bagxile kuma-semiconductors athuthuke kakhulu obuchwepheshe nemikhiqizo yabathengi.

UMichael HoganIphini likamongameli omkhulu kwa-chipmaker i-GlobalFoundries, ohlelelwe ukuhambela umhlangano nabaphathi be-Biden ngoMsombuluko, uthe lawo ma-chips asaqhudelana nemikhiqizo yabathengi ukuze ahlinzekwe “ngamazinga amaningi e-supply chain” yize esekhulile.

Ngokuya ngemoto kanye nezinketho zayo, ochwepheshe bathi kungenzeka kube namakhulu ama-semiconductors kuyo. Izimoto ezibizayo ezinokuphepha okuthuthukisiwe kanye nezinhlelo ze-infotainment ziningi kakhulu kunemodeli eyisisekelo, okuhlanganisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zama-chips..

Abakhiqizi bezimoto babeka phambili ukuhlanganisa izimoto ezinenzuzo eyengeziwe njengamaloli asayizi ogcwele ngezindleko zokunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwezimoto zabagibeli nama-crossovers. Abakhiqizi bezimoto baseDetroit bangamaloli akha kancane kancane ukuze aqedelwe futhi athunyelwe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ukushoda kuholele ekwenyukeni okukhulu kwezintengo nesidingo ngo-2021, ngokusho kukaSmith & Associates, umsabalalisi ozimele ozinze e-Houston wezingxenye ze-elekthronikhi.

Umthelela ozenzakalelayo enzuzweni

Abaphathi bezimoto basole ukushoda kwama-chip oketshezini. GM, Ford nabanye bakushilo lokho Ukushoda kuzonciphisa izigidigidi enzuzweni yabo ngo-2021.

Автомобильная исследовательская компания LMC Automotive прогнозирует, что в этом году мировая автомобильная промышленность сократит выпуск автомобилей на 811,000 175,000 автомобилей, в том числе на 1.4 в Северной Америке. В прогнозе учитывается снижение мирового производства автомобилей почти на миллиона в первом квартале, которое, по прогнозам, восстановится во второй половине года.

I-GM ilindele ukuthi inkinga yehlise inzuzo yayo yokusebenza isuke ku-$1.5 billion iye ku-$2 billion kulo nyaka, kanti abakwaFord bathi lesi simo singase sinciphise inzuzo yabo ngo-$1,000 billion iye ku-$2.5 billion ngo-2021.

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