Amabhampa
Bakhawulela ukunyakaza kwezakhi ezixhunyiwe. Bawagcina ebangeni elifanele. Zivimbela imiphumela eyingozi futhi zandise ukunethezeka kokushayela.
Lena incazelo emfushane yezinhlobo ezahlukene zobhampa ngokuvamile abenziwa ngerabha. Zisetshenziswa, ikakhulukazi, ku 
izicabha zemoto, ngaphansi kwesivalo, esiqwini kanye nasekumisweni. Obhampa bezicabha nezivalo zakhelwe ngendlela yokuthi zibe namandla uma zivaliwe. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi ikhava enyakazayo ibanjwe kangcono, ayikwazi ukudlidliza edala umsindo, futhi uma i-latch isikhishiwe, isiphethu sebhampa sikwenza kube lula ukuvuleka. Endabeni yama-bumpers athile (ikakhulukazi lawo afakwe ngaphansi kwe-hood kanye ne-trunk), izixazululo zisetshenziselwa ukushintsha ukuphakama kwazo ngakho-ke amandla entwasahlobo.
Ekumisweni, ama-bumpers, okungukuthi i-compression stroke limiters, anciphisa ukuchezuka kwemithombo yamaqabunga, iziphethu zekhoyili noma izingalo ezihambisana nama-torsion bars lapho zicindezelwa, zidonsa amandla amakhulu ngendlela encane. Ama-cushions e-Elastic asebenzisa le njongo angafakwa kuma-absorbers, ngaphakathi kwe-helical spring, kanye ne-axle housing. Ngaphandle kwemikhawulo yokucindezela, kukhona futhi izakhi ezikhawulela ukunyakaza okuya phansi kwamasondo, i.e. lapho welula ukumiswa. Ezixazululweni eziningi, imicamelo yalezi zitobhi itholakala kuma-absorbers noma amakholomu omhlahlandlela. Izinto eziguquguqukayo nazo zisetshenziswa njengezinto ezengeziwe zasentwasahlobo. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezitobhi zokuhamba ezivamile, uhambo lokumiswa luphakeme kakhulu futhi lunomuzwa othambile. Kwenziwe ngerabha noma i-polyurethane elastomer. Umoya osezimbotsheni ze-elastomer uyacindezelwa lapho isakhi esinwebekayo sikhubazekile, esivumela ukudlulisa amandla amakhulu okucindezela. Inhlanganisela yesiphethu sensimbi enesici esengeziwe esifanelekile sentwasahlobo ivumela cishe noma yiziphi izici zokuqina kokumiswa ukuba zitholakale.
Amabhampa alinyazwa ngomshini noma alahlekelwa ukunwebeka ngenxa yokuguga kancane kancane kwempahla enziwe ngayo.
Kungcono ukufaka ama-bumpers alimele njengesethi, ngoba ezindaweni zokuxhumana sinezici ezinezakhiwo ezifanayo zokunwebeka. Endabeni yama-fenders adjustable, imiphumela emibi yokuguga okuqhubekayo kwezinto ezibonakalayo ingancishiswa, okungenani ngokwengxenye, ngokushintsha ukuphakama kwayo okusebenzayo.
