Ingabe izimoto zidinga ukushintsha uwoyela kaningi noma kancane njengoba zikhula?
Okuqukethwe
Izinjini zezimoto ziyaguga njengoba amakhilomitha enyuka. Izinjini zamamayela amadala neziphakeme zinokubekezelelana okuphansi, okudinga ukushintshwa kaningi kawoyela.
Nakuba izinjini ezisetshenziswa ezimotweni zanamuhla zingase zibonakale zingokwesimanje kakhulu, uma ubhekisisa izimiso zazo eziyisisekelo, uzothola ukuthi zisahlobene nezinjini ezakhiwa kudala. Isibonelo, i-Ford yethula injini yayo edumile ye-V8 ngo-1932. Njengoba noma yimuphi umakhenikha wezimoto onolwazi ezokutshela, ukwakheka kwenjini okuyisisekelo kusalokhu kufana selokhu yethulwa. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi izinguquko ezivamile zikawoyela zisadingeka, kodwa uhlobo neminyaka yenjini kubalulekile uma lokhu kwenzeka.
Izinjini zishunwe ukuze zihambisane
Kuyiqiniso ukuthi izinguquko ezinkulu zenziwe ezinjinini njengoba kusetshenziswe amashuni amasha nezinye izinguquko zobunjiniyela ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kwazo kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthi ziyahlangabezana nezindinganiso ze-EPA. Kodwa-ke, ukwakhiwa okuyisisekelo - ukuhlelwa kwegalari, ama-engeli e-piston, njll - kuye kwahlala okufanayo phakathi neminyaka.
Enye indlela yokushintsha izinjini ukuqinisa kakhulu ukubekezelelana kwangaphakathi. Ezinsukwini zakuqala, amakhanda e-cylinder angaphezulu ayethambile kakhulu ngenxa ye-metallurgy yangaleso sikhathi. Lokhu kwayala ukusetshenziswa kwezilinganiso eziphansi zokucindezela enjinini. Ngokulandelayo, isilinganiso esiphansi sokucindezela sasisho ukuthi ukusebenza kwakungashintshile njengoba izinjini ezinemilenze emide zingasebenza ku-65 mph amahora. Nokho, kwathatha isikhathi esincane ukufika lapho. Kwaze kwaba yilapho kusungulwa i-tetraethyl lead ukuze isetshenziswe njengesithasiselo sikaphethiloli lapho imboni yezimoto ikwazile ukwandisa isilinganiso sokucindezela ukwenza izinjini zisebenze kangcono. Umthofu we-tetraethyl unikeze ukuthambisa phezulu kwesilinda futhi kwakusho ukuthi izinjini zingasebenza ngokwethembeka.
Ukubekezelelwa kwenjini kuba buthaka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi
Nakuba babelana ngokufana okuningi nabandulelayo, izinjini zesimanje zenzelwe ukubekezelelana okuqinile. Ukubekezelelana kufana nokuthi izinjini zisebenza kahle kakhulu ezilinganisweni zokucindezela okuphezulu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kunganyuka futhi kuncishiswe ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni.
Kodwa-ke, ukugqokwa kwenjini kuyakhula ngokungenakugwenywa futhi ukubekezelelana okuqinile kuqala ukuxega. Njengoba ziba buthaka, ukusetshenziswa kukawoyela kuvame ukwanda. Lokhu kufana ngokuphambene. Njengoba izinjini ziguga, ukusetshenziswa kukawoyela kuyanda. Njengoba ukusetshenziswa kukawoyela kukhula, izikhathi zokushintsha uwoyela zivame ukuba mfushane. Lapho uwoyela wawushintshwa njalo ngemva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha noma amamayela ayi-7,500, manje udinga ukushintshwa njalo ngemva kwezinyanga ezintathu namamayela ayi-3,000. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izikhawu kungenzeka zibe mfishane nakakhulu.
Izimfuneko ezithile zenjini zithinta izinguquko zikawoyela
Ngenkathi izinjini zikaphethiloli zivame ukusebenza ekugcineni kwesinye isikali, izinjini zikadizili zivame ukusebenza ngakolunye. Kusukela ekuqaleni, izinjini zikadizili zazinokubekezelelana okuqinile. Ukubekezelelana okuqinile kungenxa yesidingo sokusebenza ngomfutho ophezulu kanye nokushisa okuphezulu. Ingcindezi nezinga lokushisa kwanqunywa ukuthi izinjini zikadizili ziyakwazi ukuzimela. Basebenzisa ukuzithungela njengoba izinjini zithembele kumfutho namazinga okushisa akhiqizwa ukucindezelwa ukuthungela uphethiloli wedizili. Uphethiloli we-diesel nawo uvutha ngendlela efanele.
Ngenxa yokuthi udizili uyaziqukatha, noma yikuphi ukukhishwa noma okunye ukungcola okukhiqizwayo kungena emafutheni futhi kubangele ukuguga kwamafutha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Izikhathi zokushintsha uwoyela ku-diesel zingafika kumamayela ayi-10,000, noma kunjalo, njengoba uwoyela uguga noma izingxenye zangaphakathi zigugile, kungase kudingeke izinguquko ezivamile zikawoyela.
Izimoto zingase zidinge ukushintsha uwoyela kaningi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi
Isidingo sokushintsha uwoyela kaningi ngokuvamile sihlotshaniswa nokuguga kwenjini. Njengoba izinjini ziguga, uma ukubekezelelana kwezingxenye eziqinile kuba kukhudlwana. Ngokulandelayo, lokhu kudinga ukusetshenziswa kawoyela okwengeziwe, futhi njengoba kusetshenziswa uwoyela omningi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kudingeka izinguquko ezivamile zikawoyela. I-Mobil High Mileage yakhelwe ngokukhethekile izinjini ezindala futhi yehlisa ukuvuza ngokushisa amadiphozithi alimaza amandla.
Uhlobo oluthile lwenjini lunganquma isidingo sokushintsha uwoyela kaningi. Isibonelo, injini ye-diesel esebenza ngaphansi kwengcindezi ephezulu kanye nezinga lokushisa isistimu evaliwe eyenza izimo zayo eziyingqayizivele. Kukhiqizwa ukukhishwa kwegesi okukhethekile nezinye izinto ezikhiqizwa yinjini ezingangcolisa uwoyela futhi zibangele ukuthi uguge ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Futhi, izinga lokushisa lenjini libangela ukuguga kukawoyela. Lezi zici zingadinga izinguquko ezivamile zikawoyela.
