Ama-absorbers ezimoto ngaphambili nangemuva

I-shock absorber iyithuluzi lokudambisa elisetshenziswa emotweni ukuze limunce ngempumelelo ukushaqeka nokushaqeka, ukudambisa ukudlidliza, njll. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-shock absorber (i-car strut) ikuvumela ukuthi ucindezele isondo emgwaqeni lapho ushayela ngokuthuthumela, ngaleyo ndlela uthuthukise ukudonsa. , ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwamabhuleki, ukuzinza kwemoto, njll.

Namuhla, kunezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene kanye nezinhlobo ze-shock absorbers, ezihluke hhayi kuphela ku-axis lapho ziphumule khona (i-front shock absorbers noma i-back shock absorbers), kodwa futhi ekuklanyeni.

Okulandelayo, sizobona ukuthi iyini i-absorber shock nokuthi hlobo luni lwedivayisi i-absorber shock. Ngakho-ke, ngaphakathi kohlaka lwalesi sihloko, kugcizelelwa ngokwehlukana ukuthi yiziphi izinto ezithinta ukushaqeka ezimotweni, izinhlobo ze-struts, ukuthi zihluke kanjani, kanye nezinzuzo nezinkinga zezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-struts, njll.

Ama-absorber othusa izimoto ngemuva nangaphambili: okudingeka ukwazi

Ake siqale ngeqiniso lokuthi namuhla kunezinhlobo eziningana zokudonsa ukushaqeka kwezimoto. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi kukhona umehluko wesakhiwo phakathi kwabo futhi uhluke kancane kakhulu mayelana nokusebenza kahle nokusebenza. Ake sikuthole.

• Okokuqala nje, inhloso ye-shock absorbers ukudambisa ukushaqeka nokudlidliza okudluliselwa emzimbeni uma imoto ihamba. Ama-absorber ashaqisayo noma ama-struts asebenza ngokubambisana nezinye izinto ezinwebekayo zokumiswa kwemoto (isibonelo, iziphethu, amabhlogo athule, ama-anti-roll bar, njll.).

Ngandlela-thile, ngenxa ye-absorber shock, kungenzeka ukuthuthukisa ngokuphawulekayo ukushelela kwemoto, ukuqeda ukuqoqwa (kokubili i-longitudinal ne-transverse), ukufeza ukuphatha okungcono nokuzinza kwemoto emgwaqeni.

• Manje ake sidlulele kudivayisi. Kalula nje, noma iyiphi i-absorber shock isebenza ekucindezelweni nasekubopheni kabusha. Ama-absorber ama-hydraulic shock abe ngawokuqala asetshenziswa kakhulu ezimotweni. Ngasikhathi sinye, ama-absorber oyela we-telescopic piston asuselwa kumgomo wokungqubuzana koketshezi asasetshenziswa nanamuhla.

Ngokucabangela iqiniso lokuthi i-telescopic shock absorber ifakwe yonke indawo emshinini, sizohlaziya lolu hlobo ngokuningiliziwe. Kalula nje, i-damper enjalo isebenza ngenxa yokuthi uketshezi (amafutha) lugeleza lusuka komunye umgodi luye kwesinye ngezimbobo ezikhethekile ezilinganisiwe. Empeleni, ama-telescoping struts asebenza ngokuphoqa uketshezi ngepiston ngezimbobo ezilinganisiwe.

Kuye ngokuthi i-piston inamandla angakanani nokuthi ujantshi usebenza ngayiphi indlela, uketshezi luzophuma ngezimbobo zamadayamitha ahlukene. Amandla ahlanganayo we-liquid ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwe-rack aguqulwa abe ukushisa, futhi isimiso esijwayelekile sokusebenza sivumela ukudambisa ukudlidliza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlaka lusebenza kukho kokubili ukucindezela nokubopha kabusha.

• Asiye lapho. Njengomthetho, abashayeli bezimoto abazinaki njalo izinhlobo ze-shock absorbers. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi kukhona umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwabo. Iqiniso liwukuthi ukumiswa ukushaqeka absorber kungaba hhayi kuphela phambi noma ngemuva, kodwa futhi single-tube, amabili-tube noma kuhlangene, kanye namafutha, igesi noma igesi-amafutha (igesi / uhlaka kawoyela).

Kuvela ukuthi uma udinga ukuthenga ama-absorbers angemuva noma angaphambili, kanye nawo wonke ama-racks angu-4 emoto, kubalulekile ukucabangela izici nokuhluka kohlobo ngalunye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma uhlobo olulodwa noma olunye lwe-shock absorber lukhethwe ngokungalungile, lungathinta ukuphatha kanye nokunethezeka kokugibela.

Izinhlobo zokudonsa ukushaqeka kwezimoto

Njengoba ubona, i-strut yemoto iyisici esibalulekile ohlelweni lokumiswa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-strut absorber strut ayithinti ngokuqondile induduzo kuphela, kodwa futhi nokusingatha. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, udinga ukwazi ukuthi ungakhetha kanjani ama-absorber afanele ngaphambili noma ama-struts angemuva, ucabangela izici zezinhlobo ezahlukene zamadivayisi anjalo.

Ngakho-ke, ama-telescopic shock absorbers ayishubhu eyodwa namashubhu amabili ahlangene. Futhi, izinguqulo zesimanje zingase zibe nomsebenzi wokulungiswa kwe-flexible shock absorber (ukumiswa okuguquguqukayo).

• Inketho yokuqala i-single-tube noma i-single-tube shock absorbers. Ama-racks anjalo ane-cylinder eyodwa kuphela, esebenza njengendlu ye-piston nenduku. Ukunxephezela umthamo webha, ikamelo elihlukile eligcwele igesi lenziwe. Ipiston elintantayo lihlukanisa igesi oketshezini.

Ohlakeni olunjalo, umfutho kawoyela kuma-absorber agcwele igesi ungafinyelela kuma-atmospheres angama-30. Inzuzo eyinhloko yama-rack anjalo ukupholisa okuhle kakhulu, ukulondolozwa kwezakhiwo kunoma yimuphi umgwaqo, kanye nekhono lokufaka i-absorber shock kunoma iyiphi i-angle. Lokhu kungenzeka ngoba kukhona umgoqo womzimba phakathi kwekamelo elinegesi namafutha, elivimbela ukuba lingaxubani.

Ngokuqondene nama-minus, lokhu kuyinkimbinkimbi yokukhiqiza kanye nezindleko eziphakeme kakhulu. Njengoba ukucindezela ngaphakathi kwepayipi kuphezulu kakhulu, umzimba kufanele ube namandla ngangokunokwenzeka. Kufanele futhi kuqashelwe ukuthi lapho itshe lishaya i-single-tube shock absorber, udonga lwesilinda lugobile futhi i-piston ingase i-jam. Ngenxa yezici ezinjalo, ama-racks anjalo avame ukufakwa kuphela ezimotweni zezemidlalo.

• I-Twin-tube shock absorbers ihluke ku-single-tube shock absorbers ngoba inamasilinda amabili angaphakathi kwelinye (isilinda esingaphakathi siqukethe amafutha kanye nepiston exhunywe ekumisweni ngenduku).

Isilinda sangaphandle sigcwele umoya kancane futhi sisebenza njengethangi lokunweba. Leli chibi liyadingeka ukuze kugeleze uketshezi olususwa yinduku. Lo mklamo uyonga, unokuphila okwamukelekayo nokusebenza kahle ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, wayengenawo amaphutha. Inkinga eyinhloko ukushisa ngokweqile kanye ne-foaming yamafutha, ngoba izindonga eziphindwe kabili azivumeli amafutha apholile kahle. Ezimweni ezinzima, amafutha avele "amathumba" ku-absorber shock, imoto iyazamazama, ukuphatha nokuzinza kuyawohloka.

• I-gas-oil shock absorbers (ehlanganisiwe) - inketho ehlanganisa izinzuzo ze-single-tube kanye ne-double-tube shock absorbers. Umklamo ufana nohlaka lwamashubhu amabili, futhi umehluko omkhulu wukuthi esikhundleni somoya, igesi ijojowe ku-cylinder yangaphandle ngaphansi kwengcindezi.

Izinzuzo zihlanganisa izindleko ezithengekayo, ukubumbana, ukusebenza kahle ezimeni ezihlukahlukene, ukupholisa okuphumelelayo nempilo yesevisi eyamukelekayo. Ngaphansi, lawa mafreyimu e-combo angaphansi kokushaqeka kweshubhu elilodwa ngokuya ngokusebenza futhi futhi kubi kakhulu ekunethezekeni uma kuqhathaniswa nokushaqeka kwamashubhu amabili akudala.

• Izinqamuleli zokushaqeka ezilungisekayo zivumela umgibeli ukuthi enze ngendlela oyifisayo i-strut yohlelo oluthile. Ezimotweni zesimanje, lokhu kwenziwa nge-elekthronikhi ngemodi ezenzakalelayo noma yezandla.

Kafushane, izinhlobo ezimbili zama-struts anjalo zingahlukaniswa: lawo ma-electromagnetic asuselwa kuma-electromagnetic bypass valves nama-shock absorbers kusetshenziswa uketshezi olukhethekile lwe-magnetorheological. Esimweni sokuqala, i-electronics ishintsha ukusebenza kwama-valve, okuthinta ukukhishwa kwamanzi futhi kushintsha ukuqina kwe-shock absorber.

Kwesibili, inkambu kazibuthe isebenza ezinhlayiyeni zikawoyela eduze nezimbobo zokudlula. Ngenxa yalokho, i-viscosity yamafutha iyashintsha, futhi lokhu kuthinta i-bypass futhi kushintsha ukuqina kwe-shock absorber.

Zombili izinhlobo zokuqala nezesibili zama-rack adjustable zinezindleko eziphezulu. Futhi, uma sibheka ukubuyekezwa kwabanikazi bezimoto ze-CIS, umuntu angakwazi ukuhlukanisa insiza encane yalezi zinto zokudonsa ukushaqeka ngesikhathi sokushayela okusebenzayo emigwaqweni emibi.

• Izinqamuleli zezemidlalo noma izinqamuleli ze-heavy duty shock zidizayinelwe kusukela phansi ukuya phezulu ukuze kwenziwe umsebenzi osindayo kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezisindayo. Njengomthetho, lawa mafreyimu aqinile ekuphatheni kangcono imoto.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, induduzo kuleli cala ihlehliselwe ngemuva, ngoba umsebenzi oyinhloko weziqu ezinjalo ukuzinza okukhulu kwemoto emgwaqeni, ikakhulukazi ngesivinini esikhulu nokusebenza kanzima.

Siphinde sangeza ngokuthi i-front shock absorber ithwala umthwalo ongaphezulu uma ushayela uma kuqhathaniswa nama-struts angemuva. Yingakho nazo zenziwa ukuthi ziqiniswe kancane. Nokho, kukhona ama-absorber ahlukene aqinisiwe aqinisiwe, kokubili kuma-ekseli angaphambili nangemuva.

Kufanele futhi kuqashelwe ukuthi ama-absorbers angaphambili nangemuva angaba yi-twin-tube design, kuyilapho ama-twin-tube shock absorbers avame ukubekwa ku-axle yangemuva, kucatshangelwa imithwalo encane, kanye nokwandisa induduzo.

Ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-absorber: izimpawu nezimpawu, hlola

Njengoba unikezwe ulwazi olungenhla, ungaqonda ukuthi yiziphi izintambo zokudonsa ukushaqeka okungcono ukukhetha esimweni esithile. Khona-ke, uma usunqume uhlobo, udinga ukukhetha umenzi, ufunde ikhathalogi futhi uthenge ama-absorbers okwethusayo ezinkethweni ezifanele ezitholakalayo ukuze zifakwe esikhundleni.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, akubona bonke abashayeli abazi kahle uma kudingekile ukushintsha grilles imoto. Kwabanye abashayeli ungezwa ukuthi i-front shock absorber isebenza ngamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingu-50-60, i-absorber shock yangemuva isebenza kuze kufike kumakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane eziyi-100, i-gas shock absorber ihlala isikhathi eside ngo-30-50% kunowoyela, njll.

Kwezinye izimo, kunconywa ukuthi umane uqaphe ama-racks, unake amaconsi kawoyela, ukungqongqoza, ukunamathela kanye nomsindo, kanti kwabanye kunconywa kakhulu ukuvakashela isidlidlizi noma umane ushintshe ama-absorbers asekelwe ku-mileage. Ake sibheke le mibuzo ngokuningiliziwe.

Okokuqala, kunezimpawu ezimbalwa zokuthi ama-shock absorber struts ahlulekile:

• ukunqwabelana lapho ushayela ngisho nasemgwaqweni oyisicaba;
• zonke iziphambeko zidluliselwa ngokuqinile emzimbeni, ama-bumps azwakala esondweni lokuqondisa;
• imoto igingqika emakhoneni, ayiwubambi umkhondo;
• kwakukhona ama-bumps nomsindo ongaphandle lapho ushayela endaweni yama-racks;
• ukwehla ekusebenzeni kahle kwamabhuleki, ukukhukhuleka kwelinye icala noma kwenye, njll.

Sicela uqaphele ukuthi lokhu kuziphatha kwemoto nokubonakala kwalezi zimpawu kungenzeka ngenxa yezinye izizathu. Ukuze uqonde kahle lapho ama-shock absorbers engalungile noma ehlulekile ngokuphelele noma ingxenye, udinga ukuqala ngokuhlola okubonakalayo kwe-shock absorbers.

Uma ubona ama-grooves ngokuphathelene namafutha kanye ne-gas-oil shock absorbers, lokhu kuzobonisa ukuthi i-shock absorber "iyajuluka" noma inokuvuza okuphelele, ukuqina kulahleka. Uma kungenzeka ukuhlola i-rack, kungcono ukuyikhipha emotweni bese uyipompa ngesandla.

Uma lokhu kungenakwenzeka, kwanele ukuvula i-hood, uncike endaweni ye-rack bese ucindezela umzimba ngokumelene ne-rack ngangokunokwenzeka, bese uyikhulula ngokuqinile.

Esimeni lapho i-shock absorber isebenza (okungenani ingxenye), umzimba uzobuyela endaweni yawo yasekuqaleni futhi akuvunyelwe ukudlidliza okungaphezu kokukodwa noma okubili. Uma ukwakheka kubonakala (ukuguquguquka okuningana), khona-ke i-absorber shock ayiwenzi imisebenzi yayo, futhi umzimba uyanyakaza emithonjeni.

Eqinisweni, ukuvuza kwamafutha ngendlala ye-damper, ezibonakalisa ngesimo samafutha, kukhombisa ukulahleka kokuqina endaweni ye-stem gland.

Lokhu kungenzeka ngenxa yokulimala kwe-shock absorber bushing, emva kwalokho isiqu singcolile. Isiqu ngokwaso singabuye sikhubazekile ngemva kokushayela phezu kwamaqhuqhuva emgwaqeni, imigodi, njll.

Kunoma ikuphi, noma ngabe i-absorber eyethusayo isasebenza, khona-ke lokhu akusona isikhathi eside futhi kuyadingeka ukulungiselela ukushintshwa, njengoba ukuvuza kwegesi ne-liquid ku-absorber shock, izakhiwo ezidambisayo ze-shock absorber ziwohloka ngokuphawulekayo.

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ekusebenzeni, ama-absorbers angaphambili emigwaqweni yasekhaya yezimoto ezisezingeni eliphakathi ngokuvamile amboze ngaphezu kwe-60-70 km, emva kwalokho ukusebenza kwawo kuqala ukuwohloka.

Kwenzeka ukuthi ngisho noma ama-racks omile ekugijimeni okungaba ngu-90-100 km ayizinkulungwane, okufanayo, ukugijima okunjalo, ukusebenza kwabo akudluli 30-40%. Ngokuqondene nezinsika ezingemuva, ngokuvamile zihamba ngezinkulungwane ezingama-30-40 km ngaphezu kwalezo ezingaphambili.

Amathiphu awusizo

Uma uhlaziya ulwazi olutholiwe, kuyacaca ukuthi uma udinga ukukhetha i-absorber eyodwa noma enye, intengo izohluka. Izindleko zizothinteka uhlobo lwe-trunk ngokwayo, kanye nenjongo eyinhloko (ye-axle yangaphambili noma yangemuva). Njengomthetho ojwayelekile, ukushaqeka kwangemuva kuzoba ishibhile kunokushaqisa okungaphambili ngoba kulula ukuwenza futhi akudingi ukuqinisa okwengeziwe uma kuqhathaniswa nokushaqeka okukhulu ngaphambili.

Nokho, akufanelekile ukonga okuningi ekushintsheni. Okokuqala, ama-shock absorbers ashintshwa ngamabili ku-axle efanayo. Futhi, uma udinga ukufaka esikhundleni se-shock absorber, ungathenga isisombululo sokuqala esibizayo noma i-analogue yomkhiqizo owaziwayo, kanye nama-racks ashibhile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, udinga ukulungiselela iqiniso lokuthi ama-absorbers ashibhile angasebenza kabi kakhulu kusukela ekuqaleni, awahlangabezani nezici ezimenyezelwe futhi ahluleke ngokushesha.

Akukanconywa ukuthi ulondoloze kuma-racks angemuva. Kwezinye izimo, umzamo wokufaka ama-absorber othusayo aphakathi nendawo noma aphezulu ku-axle yangaphambili kanye nama-struts ashibhile ku-axle yangemuva kuholela ekuphathweni kabi kanye nokunethezeka okuncishisiwe. Kuhle kakhulu ukufaka ama-racks esigaba samanani esifanayo kanye nomkhiqizi oyedwa kuma-ekseli angaphambili nangemuva.

Okokugcina, siyaqaphela ukuthi ukukhetha kwe-shock absorber kumele kube nokuqaphela; lapho ukhetha, kuyadingeka ukucabangela izici okuxoxwe ngazo ngenhla ngokwehlukana. Kubalulekile futhi ukucabangela isitayela sokushayela, izimo zomgwaqo esifundeni, izintandokazi zomuntu ngamunye, ukusebenza kwemoto kanye nenani leminye imingcele. Kulokhu, udinga ukuthenga ama-racks kuphela kubathengisi abathembekile futhi uwafake ngendlela efanele emshinini.

Isizathu siwukuthi kunamanye ama-fakes amaningi asezingeni eliphansi emakethe, futhi akubona bonke abadwebi abalandela imithetho nezincomo eziphoqelekile lapho beshintsha ama-struts (ukuhlola ama-absorbers, ukupompa kahle ama-absorbers ngaphambi kokufakwa, njll.).