Imoto yezinkuni. Injini yokushisa izinkuni.
Okuqukethwe
Akumele ube ngumshayeli ukuze ubone ukuthi amanani kaphethiloli anyuke ngendlela eyichilo emasontweni edlule. Kuyaziwa ukuthi inani lale nto eluhlaza lilinganiselwe futhi esikhathini esizayo esiseduze kuzoba nezinkinga ngokutholakala kwayo. Nokho, bambalwa abantu abazi ukuthi indlela ehlukile futhi eshibhile kakhulu amandla imoto yasungulwa ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule.
Ubuhlakani bomuntu abunamingcele, ikakhulukazi ngezikhathi zobunzima. Uma sibuyela emuva emakhasini ambalwa omlando, sifunda ukuthi enkathini yezimpi, ngenxa yezizathu ezisobala, kwakunenkinga kaphethiloli. Izakhamuzi, nakuba zazihlome ngezimoto ezithengeka kakhulu, azikwazanga ukuhambahamba kuzo. Kusukela lapha, kwavela imibono ethakazelisayo eyengeziwe kunokushintsha uphethiloli noma udizili. Kuvele ukuthi izinkuni zilungele ukukhiqizwa kukaphethiloli, okungukuthi i-wood gas, eyaziwa nangokuthi "holkgas".
Ngokombono, noma iyiphi injini yokuthungela inhlansi ingasebenza ngegesi yokhuni. Lolu daba lusebenza nasezinjinini zikadizili, kodwa lokhu kudinga ukulungiswa okwengeziwe ngendlela yokwengeza isistimu yokuthungela. Ngokulandelayo ekuhlolweni okuhlukahlukene okwenziwa ekuqaleni kweminyaka eyishumi, indlela engcono kakhulu yokushayela imoto ngaleli phethiloli engavamile ijeneretha yegesi ye-carbon monoxide, okungukuthi okuthiwa i-carbon monoxide generator. I-generator ye-Imber.
Lobu buchwepheshe basungulwa ekuqaleni kwawo-1920. Leli gama eliyinkimbinkimbi cishe alisho okuningi kongase abe umfundi, ngakho-ke ngezansi kunencazelo yokuthi lolu hlelo lusebenza kanjani. Lesi sixazululo senza kube nokwenzeka ukukhiqiza ilitha elingu-1 lamafutha ku-2 kg wezinkuni zokubasa noma u-1,5 kg wamalahle. Futhi njengoba wazi, intengo yalokhu okuluhlaza, ngisho nasesimweni esinethemba elikhulu, okungenani iphansi ngokuphindwe kathathu kunesimo somkhiqizo wokugcina ngendlela kaphethiloli.
Isebenza kanjani?
Kubhayela we-Imbert, umoya ufakwa esithandweni kusuka phezulu kuye phansi ngokugeleza, ukuze udlule ezikhuni ezivuthayo noma amalahle. Umoya-mpilo osemoyeni uhlangana nekhabhoni ukuze kwakheke isikhutha. Lesi sakamuva, sona, sisabela ne-carbon futhi sincipha sibe yi-carbon monoxide. Kuleli qophelo, umhwamuko wamanzi okhishwa okhunini oluvuthayo, ngaphansi kwethonya lokushisa eliphakeme kakhulu, uhlanganisa ne-carbon, okwenza i-carbon monoxide ne-hydrogen. Umlotha unqwabelana epanini lomlotha. Igesi etholakala ngaphansi kwe-grate isuswa ngepayipi eqondiswe phezulu, okuzovimbela ukungcoliswa kwayo ngomlotha.
Igesi idlula ku-sump ekhethekile, lapho ihlanzwa khona okokuqala, bese ingena endaweni epholile. Lapha izinga lokushisa liyehla futhi igesi ihlukana namanzi. Bese idlula ngesihlungi sikakhokho bese ingena ku-mixer, lapho ihlangana khona nomoya ophuma ngaphandle ngemva kokuhlunga. Kulapho kuphela lapho igesi inikezwa khona enjinini.
Izinga lokushisa legesi eliwumphumela liphansi, njengoba i-generator ye-Imbert isebenzisa ukusabela kwe-exothermic, futhi umzuzu wokunciphisa i-carbon dioxide ibe yi-oxide ukusabela kwe-endothermic, okufana nokusabela kwe-steam namalahle. Ukunciphisa ukulahlekelwa kwamandla, izindonga ze-generator ziphindwe kabili. Umoya ongena ejeneretha udlula phakathi kwezingqimba ezimbili.
Olunye uhlangothi lwemali
Ngeshwa, lesi sixazululo, nakuba singanciphisa kakhulu izindleko zokusebenza, siphumela ekutheni injini yegesi yezinkuni ifinyelele amandla amancane kunenjini kaphethiloli. Imvamisa iba ngamaphesenti angama-30. Nokho, lokhu kunganxeshezelwa ngokwandisa isilinganiso sokucindezela kuyunithi. Umbuzo wesibili, obucayi kakhulu ubukhulu besakhiwo esinjalo. Ijeneretha ye-Imbert, ngenxa yokusabela okwenzeka kuyo, iyithuluzi elinobukhulu obukhulu. Ngakho-ke, ngokuvamile "inamathiselwe" ngaphandle kwemoto.
I-Holcgas izifanele kakhulu izimoto ezinamahora amade okusebenza. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukuqalisa injini kuphethiloli kuthatha imizuzu engu-20-30. Kungaleso sikhathi esingakanani "ukuthungela" ijeneretha yegesi. Kuze kube manje, izindawo ezingcono kakhulu lapho ukuthuthwa kwegesi yezinkuni kungasebenza izindawo ezifinyeleleka kalula esihlahleni, lapho igalaji likaphethiloli eliseduze liqhele ngamakhilomitha amaningana noma amaningana.
Nokho, kuze kube manje, naphezu kwamanani entengo kaphethiloli aphezulu, mancane amathuba okuba sibhekane nenkinga kaphethiloli. Ukusebenzisa amalahle kuyindlela enhle uma noma ezindaweni lapho uphethiloli okunzima kakhulu ukuwuthola. Esimeni samanje, lokhu okusunguliwe kungathathwa njengelukuluku okwamanje.
Zenzele injini yokubasa izinkuni!
Amanani kaphethiloli alokhu enyuka kancane kancane izinyanga ezimbalwa futhi ephula imikhawulo emisha. Ochwepheshe baxwayisa ngokuthi esikhathini esizayo esiseduze, inkinga ingase ingabikho nje kuphela emananini aphezulu, kodwa nasekutholakaleni kukaphethiloli, udizili noma igesi ye-petroleum ewuketshezi. Kwakunjalo ngaphambili! Yiziphi ezinye izindlela ezingasetshenziswa kulawa mafutha? Imishini ingashintshwa ukushisa i-holzgas (igesi lezinkuni), i.e. igesi ye-generator, engatholakala ngokhuni. Kwenziwa kanjani?
Izinjini eziningi zikaphethiloli zingashintshwa ukuze zisebenze ngegesi yokhuni, kalula kakhulu ngama-carburetor.- Izinkuni ziwuphethiloli ovuselelekayo, akusho ukuthi ukushayela okunjalo kungabhekwa njengokuhambisana nemvelo.
- Isethi ekhiqiza igesi inkulu futhi isinda kunesethi ye-LPG futhi kunzima ukuyilawula.
- Ububi obukhulu besixazululo esinjalo ukuthi ukufakwa akukalungeli ukusebenza ngokushesha, kufanele kushiswe ngaphambili.
- Amajeneretha egesi yezinkuni nawo angakhiqiza uphethiloli, isibonelo. zokushisisa ikhaya
Khumbula iculo elithi "Locomotive kusukela esimemezelweni" ka-Perfect?
Uphethiloli ngale ntengo namuhla
Ukuthi imoto ayikho ephaketheni lakho
Ngizothela amanzi esitimeleni
Futhi kuzoba kushibhile kimi ukuhamba
Ngizocosha udoti
Ngizotheza i-brushwood (…)
Ngizophila njengenkosi!
Ubani obengacabanga ukuthi umbhalo wango-1981 ungazwakala ubalulekile futhi? Kodwa ukushayela i-locomotive akuyona inketho. Kusukela ekuqaleni kwemboni yezimoto, kunezikhathi lapho uphethiloli ubiza kakhulu noma ungatholakali - futhi akekho owayefuna ukuyeka ukushayela izimoto ezinenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi. Enye indlela ethengekayo neshibhile kuphethiloli owuketshezi obizayo noma igesi? Endabeni yokushisisa izindlu, indaba isobala - ukushisa yonke into efika ekunikezeni izitofu, njengemfucuza yezinkuni, i-brushwood.
Indlela eshibhe kakhulu yokushayela i-brushwood esikhundleni sikaphethiloli noma i-LPG
Awu, awukwazi ukushayela imoto nge-brushwood! Ingabe? Yebo ungakwazi, kodwa akulula kangako! Isixazululo ukufaka lokho okubizwa nge-holzgas, noma igesi yezinkuni! Umbono awumusha; abaklami bebelokhu bezama ukufaka okunjalo iminyaka engaphezu kwe-100. Ukufakwa kwalolu hlobo kwathola ukuthandwa okukhulu phakathi neMpi Yezwe Yesibili, lapho amafutha e-petroleum ayesesetshenziswa cishe ngokuphelele amabutho, futhi izindawo zabo zokugcina zazilinganiselwe kakhulu. Kungaleso sikhathi lapho izimoto zabantu (kanye nezinye izimoto zamasosha) zaguqulwa kakhulu ukuze zikwazi ukusebenzisa igesi ephehla ugesi. Futhi ngemva kwempi, ukufakwa okunjalo kwakuthandwa kwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba ezikude, ikakhulukazi lapho izinkuni zokubasa zazingenazo futhi uphethiloli owuketshezi kwakunzima ukuwuthola.
Noma iyiphi injini kaphethiloli ingasebenza ngegesi yokhuni.
Ukuguqulwa kwe-injini ngokwayo (inqobo nje uma i-carbureted four-stroke) iyona encane yezinkinga - kwanele ukusebenzisa igesi ekusetshenzisweni okuningi. Njengoba ingancibiliki, asikho isidingo sezinciphisi zokushisa noma amanye amadivaysi ayinkimbinkimbi. Ubunzima obukhulu kuleli cala ukwakhiwa nokufakwa emotweni ye-"generator yegesi" ehambisanayo, okungukuthi, idivayisi ngezinye izikhathi ebizwa ngokuthi i-generator yegesi. Iyini ijeneretha yegesi? Ngamagama alula, lolu wumshini ozokhiqiza igesi emotweni, bese ishiswa enjinini. Yebo, lokhu akulona iphutha - ezimotweni okuthiwa i-holzgas, uphethiloli ukhiqizwa ngokuqhubekayo!
Indlela yokushayela eshibhile - isebenza kanjani i-generator yegesi yezinkuni?
Emotweni noma ku-trailer ngemuva kwemoto kukhona i-boiler ekhethekile, evalwe ngokuqinile enebhokisi lomlilo elibekwe ngaphansi kwalo. Izinkuni zokubasa, ama-shavings, i-brushwood, sawdust, noma i-peat noma amalahle ziphonswa kubhayela. Umlilo ubaswa eziko ngaphansi kwembiza evaliwe. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, ngemva kokufinyelela izinga lokushisa elifunayo, ingxube evuthayo iqala ukubhema, "i-carbonate" - amagesi aqoqiwe akhishwa ngaphandle ngepayipi elifanele, kude nomlilo ovuthayo eziko.
Njengoba izinto ezivuthayo zishiswa ngokufinyelela okuncane ku-oxygen, i-boiler ikhipha ikakhulukazi i-carbon monoxide, i.e. inobuthi kakhulu, kodwa futhi i-carbon monoxide evuthayo. Ezinye izingxenye zegesi ezitholakala ngale ndlela ngokuyinhloko okuthiwa. i-methane, i-ethylene ne-hydrogen. Ngeshwa, le gesi iqukethe nezingxenye eziningi ezingashi, isb. i-nitrogen, umhwamuko wamanzi, i-carbon dioxide - okusho ukuthi uphethiloli unenani eliphansi le-calorific, futhi ukufakwa kuklanywe ngendlela yokuthi igesi ingagcinwa kuzo, kodwa ingena enjinini ngokuqhubekayo. Uma injini inesidingo esikhulu sikaphethiloli, kudingeka ifake ngamandla.
Ukugibela i-Holzgas - akushibhile, kodwa kunezinkinga
Ukuze igesi ifanelekele izinjini zokunika amandla amandla, isadinga ukupholiswa futhi ihlungwe kumadiphozithi e-tarry - okuphinde kuphoqe ukuthi ukufakwa kube kukhulu - kanye negesi ephuma kulokho okuthiwa. I-pyrolysis yokhuni kanye nezinye i-biowaste ayiwona uphethiloli ohlanzekile. Ngisho nokuhlunga okuhle okuyinsalela, itiyela linqwabelana emalini eningi ewudlayo, umle unqwabelana emakamelweni avuthayo nakuma-spark plug. Injini esebenza ngegesi yokhuni inamandla angaphansi kwamashumi ambalwa wamaphesenti kunophethiloli noma igesi eliwuketshezi - ngaphezu kwalokho, kungcono ukungasebenzisi "igesi kuya kwensimbi", ngoba esimweni esinjalo, uma ukufakwa kuphansi kakhulu. ukusebenza kahle (kuyenzeka), injini iqala ukusebenza kancane kakhulu, okungaholela, isibonelo, kuma-valve avuthayo noma ama-gaskets ekhanda le-cylinder. Kodwa ngakolunye uhlangothi, uphethiloli awunamali,
Ijeneretha ikhiqiza igesi noma injini icishiwe
Okunye ukuphazamiseka: lapho sicisha injini, i-generator isakhiqiza igesi - ingasetshenziswa, isibonelo, ngokukhanyisa i-burner ekhethekile eyakhelwe le njongo, noma ... ukukhulula igesi emkhathini, ngoba akukho indlela yokuyigcina. Ukushayela ngomlilo emotweni noma ngenqola ngemuva kwemoto nakho akuphephile kakhulu, futhi uma ukufakwa kungaqinile, abagibeli bemoto babhekana nokufa. Ukufakwa kudinga ukuhlanzwa kanzima (kuya ngomthwalo, njalo amashumi ambalwa noma cishe njalo ngemva kwamakhilomitha angamakhulu ambalwa) - kodwa ishibhile ngendlela engenakuhlulwa.
I-Wood gas generator - yama-preppers kanye nokushisa ekhaya okushibhile
Kulula ukuthola amavidiyo ku-inthanethi abonisa indlela yokwakhiwa kwejeneretha yegesi ukuze kusebenze imoto ngegesi yokhuni - amanye amaphrojekthi aze aklanywa ukuthi enziwe ngezinto ezitholakala ngokuvamile, ngisho nomshini wokushisela wawungadingeki ukuze kwakhiwe. . Akukho ukushoda abathanda ukuguqula izimoto zabo kuphethiloli enjalo - kuyathandwa kakhulu, isibonelo, eRussia. emagumbini angenalutho eSweden, kodwa iqembu elikhulu labalandeli bezinhlelo ezinjalo lingatholakala eRussia kanye nama-republic ase-post-Soviet. Abanye abantu baphatha amajeneretha egesi yokhuni kanye nezinjini ezinikezwa amandla yiwo njengamathoyizi futhi, isibonelo, bakhe imishini yokugunda utshani esebenza ngale ndlela.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amakhithi ezimo eziphuthumayo (impi yomhlaba, i-zombie apocalypse, ukuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo, inhlekelele yemvelo) adumile phakathi kwababizwa ngokuthi abasindile ukuze basize amajeneretha kagesi. Kukhona nezinkampani emakethe ezihlinzeka ngamajeneretha egesi esimanje anezitofu ezifanele njengomthombo ovumela imvelo futhi oshibhile wokushisa izakhiwo.
