I-AVT5598 – 12V Ishaja yeSola

Amamojula we-Photovoltaic aya eshibhile futhi ngenxa yalokho athandwa kakhulu. Zingasetshenziswa ngempumelelo ukushaja amabhethri, isibonelo, endlini yezwe noma esiteshini sezulu se-electronic. Idivayisi echaziwe iyisilawuli sokushaja esiguqulelwe ukusebenza nge-voltage yokufaka ehlukayo ebangeni elibanzi kakhulu. Kungaba usizo esizeni, endaweni yekhempu noma endaweni yekhempu.

1. Umdwebo ohleliwe weshaja yelanga

Uhlelo lusetshenziselwa ukushaja ibhethri le-lead-acid (isibonelo, ijeli) kumodi yebhafa, i.e. ngemva kokufinyelela i-voltage emisiwe, amandla okushaja aqala ukuwa. Ngenxa yalokho, ibhethri lihlala likumodi yokulinda. I-voltage yokuhlinzeka yeshaja ingahluka ngaphakathi kwe-4 ... 25 V.

Ikhono lokusebenzisa kokubili ukukhanya kwelanga okuqinile nokubuthakathaka kwandisa kakhulu isikhathi sokushaja ngosuku. Amandla wokushaja ancike kakhulu ku-voltage yokufaka, kodwa lesi sixazululo sinezinzuzo ngaphezu kokukhawulela i-voltage eyeqile kusuka kumojula yelanga.

Isekhethi yeshaja ikhonjisiwe ku fig. 1. Umthombo wamandla we-DC uyi-SEPIC topology converter esekelwe ohlelweni olushibhile nolwaziwayo lwe-MC34063A. Isebenza endimeni evamile yokhiye. Uma i-voltage enikezwe isiqhanisi (iphinikhodi 5) iphansi kakhulu, i-transistor switch eyakhelwe ngaphakathi iqala ukusebenza ngokugcwaliswa njalo kanye nemvamisa. Ukusebenza kuyama uma le voltage idlula i-voltage eyireferensi (imvamisa engu-1,25 V).

Iziguquli ze-SEPIC topology, ezikwazi ukuphakamisa nokwehlisa i-voltage ephumayo, zivame ukusebenzisa izilawuli ezingashintsha ukugxusha kwesiginali yokufaka ukhiye. Ukusebenzisa i-MC34063A kule ndima kuyisixazululo esingavamile, kodwa - njengoba kuboniswa ukuhlolwa kwe-prototype - kwanele kulolu hlelo lokusebenza. Omunye umbandela kwakuyintengo, okuthi esimweni se-MC34063A iphansi kakhulu kunaleyo yabalawuli be-PWM.

Ama-capacitor amabili i-C1 ne-C2 axhunywe ngokufana asetshenziselwa ukunciphisa ukumelana kwangaphakathi komthombo wamandla njengemodyuli ye-photovoltaic. Ukuxhumeka okuhambisanayo kunciphisa amapharamitha weparasitic avelayo njengokumelana ne-inductance. I-Resistor R1 isetshenziselwa ukukhawulela ukusebenza kwamanje kwale nqubo kuze kufike ku-0,44A. Umthamo ophezulu ungabangela isifunda esihlanganisiwe ukuthi sishise kakhulu. I-Capacitor C3 isetha imvamisa yokusebenza ibe ngu-80 kHz.

Ama-Inductors L1 kanye ne-L2 kanye nomphumela we-capacitance yama-capacitor C4-C6 akhethiwe ukuze isiguquli sikwazi ukusebenza ebangeni elibanzi kakhulu le-voltage. Ukuxhumeka okuhambisanayo kwama-capacitor bekufanele kunciphise umphumela we-ESR ne-ESL.

I-Diode LED1 isetshenziselwa ukuhlola ukusebenza kwesilawuli. Uma kunjalo, khona-ke ingxenye eguquguqukayo ye-voltage ifakwe kukhoyili L2, engabonwa ngokukhazimula kwale diode. Ivula ngokucindezela inkinobho ethi S1 ukuze ingakhanyi ngokungenangqondo ngaso sonke isikhathi. I-Resistor R3 ikhawulela ukusebenza kwayo cishe ku-2 mA, futhi i-D1 ivikela i-LED diode ekuqhekekeni okubangelwa i-voltage yokucisha ngokweqile. I-Resistor R4 yengezwa ukuze isiguquli sizinze kangcono ekusetshenzisweni kwamanje okuphansi kanye ne-voltage ephansi. Imunca amanye amandla anikezwa ikhoyili ye-L2 ekulayisheni. Kuthinta ukusebenza kahle, kodwa kuncane - inani elisebenzayo lamanje eligeleza kuwo lingama-milliamp ambalwa kuphela.

Ama-Capacitor C8 kanye ne-C9 ashelela i-ripple current ahlinzekwa nge-diode D2. I-Resistive divider R5-R7 isetha i-voltage ephumayo cishe ku-13,5V, okuyi-voltage elungile kumatheminali ebhethri yejeli engu-12V ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwebhafa. Le voltage kufanele ihluke kancane ngezinga lokushisa, kodwa leli qiniso liye lashiywa ukuze kugcinwe uhlelo lulula. Lesi sihlukanisi se-resistor silayisha ibhethri elixhunyiwe ngaso sonke isikhathi, ngakho-ke kufanele libe nokumelana okuphezulu kakhulu okungenzeka.

I-Capacitor C7 inciphisa i-voltage ripple ebonwa isiqhanisi futhi ibambezela impendulo yeluphu yempendulo. Ngaphandle kwayo, lapho ibhethri linqanyulwa, i-voltage ephumayo ingase yeqe inani eliphephile lama-electrolytic capacitor, okungukuthi i-escape. Ukwengezwa kwale capacitor kubangela ukuthi uhlelo luyeke ukushintsha ukhiye ngezikhathi ezithile.

Ishaja ifakwe ebhodini lesifunda eliphrintiwe ohlangothini olulodwa olunobukhulu be-89 × 27 mm, umdwebo womhlangano okhonjiswe ku-Fig. umfanekiso 2. Zonke izakhi zisezindlini ze- through-hole , okuwusizo olukhulu ngisho nakubantu abangenalo ulwazi oluningi nge-soldering iron. Ngiphakamisa ukuthi ungasebenzisi isokhethi ye-IC ngoba izokwandisa ukumelana kokuxhumeka ku-switch transistor.

2. Umdwebo wokufakwa kweshaja yelanga

Idivayisi ehlanganiswe kahle isilungele ukusebenza ngokushesha futhi ayidingi ukuthunywa. Njengengxenye yokulawula, ungasebenzisa i-voltage engaguquki kokokufaka kwayo futhi uyilawule ebangeni elinikeziwe le-4 ... 20 V, ubheka ukufundwa kwe-voltmeter exhunywe kokuphumayo. Kufanele ishintshe i-sawtooth ebangeni elingaba ngu-18 ... 13,5 V. Inani lokuqala lihlobene nokushajwa kwama-capacitor futhi alibalulekile, kodwa ku-13,5 V isiguquli kufanele siphinde sisebenze.

Amandla wokushaja ancike enanini lamanje le-voltage yokokufaka, njengoba amandla okokufaka akhawulelwe cishe ku-0,44 A. Izilinganiso zibonise ukuthi amandla okushaja ibhethri ayahluka kusukela cishe ku-50 mA (4 V) kuya cishe ku-0,6 A.A ku-voltage engu-20 V. Unganciphisa leli xabiso ngokwandisa ukumelana no-R1, okunconywa ngezinye izikhathi kumabhethri amancane (2 Ah).

Ishaja iguqulelwe ukusebenza nge-module ye-photovoltaic ene-voltage yegama le-12 V. Ama-Voltages afika ku-20 ... 22 V angaba khona ekuphumeni kwawo ngokusetshenziswa okuphansi kwamanje, ngakho-ke, ama-capacitor aguqulelwe ku-voltage ye-25 V afakiwe. ekufakweni kwesiguquli Ukulahlekelwa kuphezulu kangangokuthi ibhethri alishajiki.

Ukuze usebenzise ngokugcwele ishaja, xhuma imojuli enamandla angu-10 W noma ngaphezulu. Ngamandla amancane, ibhethri izoshaja, kodwa ihamba kancane.

Uhlu lwezingxenye:

Iziphikisa:

R1: 0,68 Ohm / 1 W.

R2: 180 Ohm / 0,25 W.

R3: 6,8 kΩ / 0,25 W

R4: 2,2 kΩ / 0,25 W

R5: 68 kΩ / 0,25 W

R6: 30 kΩ / 0,25 W

R7: 10 kΩ / 0,25 W

I-Condenser:

C1, C2, C8, C9: 220µF/25V

I-C3: 330 pF (i-ceramic)

C4…C6: 2,2 μF/50 V (MKT R = 5 mm)

I-C7: 1 μF/50 V (i-monolit.)

Ama-semiconductors:

I-D1: 1H4148

I-D2: 1H5819

I-LED1: 5mm LED, isb. eluhlaza

I-US1: MC34063A (DIP8)

okunye:

J1, J2: ARK2/5mm isixhumi

L1, L2: Choke 220uH (Kuqondile)

I-S1: I-micro switch 6×6/13mm