Inqubo ye-Atkinson, iMiller, B-cycle: kusho ukuthini ngempela
Okuqukethwe
Ama-turbocharger we-VTG ezinjini ze-VW empeleni alungisiwe amayunithi kadizili.
Imijikelezo ye-Atkinson ne-Miller ihlale ihlotshaniswa nokusebenza kahle okwandisiwe, kodwa ngokuvamile awukho umehluko phakathi kwayo. Mhlawumbe akwenzi mqondo, ngoba zombili izinguquko zehlela kufilosofi eyisisekelo - ukudala ukucindezelwa okuhlukile nokunwetshwa kwezilinganiso enjini kaphethiloli enemivimbo emine. Njengoba la mapharamitha afana ngejometri enjinini evamile, iyunithi kaphethiloli ihlushwa ingozi yokugoqa uphethiloli, edinga ukuncishiswa kwesilinganiso sokucindezela. Kodwa-ke, uma isilinganiso esiphezulu sokwandisa singafinyelelwa nganoma iyiphi indlela, lokhu kungaholela ezingeni eliphezulu "lokukhama" amandla amagesi akhulayo futhi kungakhuphula ukusebenza kahle kwenjini. Kuyathakazelisa ukuqaphela ukuthi, ngokomlando nje, akekho uJames Atkinson noma uRalph Miller owadala imiqondo yabo efuna ukusebenza kahle. Ngo-1887, i-Atkinson iphinde yasungula indlela ye-crank eyinkimbinkimbi enelungelo lobunikazi ehlanganisa izakhi ezimbalwa (ukufana kungatholakala namuhla enjinini ye-Infiniti VC Turbo), okwakuhloswe ngayo ukugwema amalungelo obunikazi ka-Otto. Umphumela we-kinematics eyinkimbinkimbi ukuqaliswa komjikelezo we-1956-stroke phakathi nokuphenduka okukodwa kwenjini kanye nokunye ukushaywa kwe-piston ngesikhathi sokucindezela nokunwetshwa. Emashumini amaningi eminyaka kamuva, le nqubo izokwenziwa ngokugcina i-valve yokungena ivuliwe isikhathi eside futhi cishe ngaphandle kokukhetha esetshenziswa ezinjinini ezihlanganiswe nezinsimbi ezijwayelekile eziyingxubevange (ngaphandle kokushaja ugesi kwangaphandle), njengalezo zeToyota. kanye neHonda. Ejubaneni eliphakathi nephezulu lokhu akuyona inkinga ngoba ukugeleza kokungena kune-inertia futhi njengoba i-piston ihlehla ibuyisela umoya obuyayo. Kodwa-ke, ngesivinini esiphansi, lokhu kuholela ekusebenzeni kwenjini engazinzile, ngakho-ke amayunithi anjalo ahlanganiswe nezinhlelo ze-hybrid noma ungasebenzisi umjikelezo we-Atkinson kulezi zindlela. Ngalesi sizathu, ama-valve afiselekayo ngokwemvelo nawokudla abhekwa njengomjikelezo we-Atkinson. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akulungile ngokuphelele, ngoba umqondo wokubona amazinga ahlukene wokucindezelwa nokunwetshwa ngokulawula izigaba zokuvula ama-valve ungokaRalph Miller futhi wawunelungelo lobunikazi ngo-XNUMX. Kodwa-ke, umbono wakhe awuhloselwe ukufeza ukusebenza kahle okukhulu, nokunciphisa isilinganiso sokucindezela kanye nokusetshenziswa okuhambisanayo kwamafutha e-octane ephansi ezinjini zezindiza. UMiller uklama amasistimu okuvala i-valve yokungena ngaphambi kwesikhathi (Ukuvalwa Kwevalve Yokungena Ngaphambili, i-EIVC) noma kamuva (Ukuvalwa Kwevalve Yokungena Kamuva, i-LIVC), kanye nokunxephezela ukuntuleka komoya noma ukugcina umoya ubuyela endaweni eningi, i-compressor. iyasetshenziswa.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuqaphela ukuthi eyokuqala efana ne-asymmetric-phase engine egijima kwenye elandelayo, echazwa ngokuthi "inqubo yomjikelezo kaMiller", yadalwa ngabanjiniyela bakwaMercedes futhi isetshenziswe enjinini eyi-12-cylinder compressor yemoto yezemidlalo i-W 163 kusukela ngo-1939. ngaphambi kokuba uRalph Miller enze ilungelo lobunikazi lokuhlolwa kwakhe.
Imodeli yokuqala yokukhiqiza yokusebenzisa umjikelezo weMiller kwakuyi-6 Mazda Millenia KJ-ZEM V1994. I-valve yokudla iyavala ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ibuyisa omunye womoya ezikhathini eziningi zokudla, lapho isilinganiso sokuncindezelwa sincishisiwe bese kusetshenziswa i-compressor yomshini weLysholm ukubamba umoya. Ngakho-ke, isilinganiso sokukhula sikhulu ngamaphesenti ayi-15 kunesilinganiso sokuncindezelwa. Ukulahleka okubangelwa ukucindezela komoya kusuka piston kuya ku-compressor kususwe ukusebenza ngempumelelo okuphelele kwenjini.
Amasu asondele kakhulu futhi asondele kakhulu anezinzuzo ezihlukile ngezindlela ezihlukile. Emithwalweni ephansi, ukuvala ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kunenzuzo yokuthi kunikeza i-valve ebanzi evulekile yokuqina kanye nokugcina isiyaluyalu esingcono. Lapho umthwalo ukhuphuka, inzuzo ihamba iye ekuvaleni kwangaphambilini. Kodwa-ke, lokhu okugcina kuba ukusebenza kancane ngesivinini esikhulu ngenxa yesikhathi sokugcwalisa esinganele kanye nokwehla okukhulu kwengcindezi ngaphambi nangemva kwe-valve.
I-Audi neVolkswagen, iMazda neToyota
Njengamanje, izinqubo ezifanayo zisetshenziswa yi-Audi neVolkswagen kumadivayisi wabo we-2.0 TFSI (EA 888 Gen 3b) kanye no-1.5 TSI (EA 211 Evo), asanda kujoyinwa yi-1.0 TSI entsha. Kodwa-ke, basebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-valve yokufaka i-in-pre-lokuvala lapho umoya owandayo upholile khona ngemuva kokuthi i-valve ivalwe phambilini. Abakwa-Audi nabakwa-VW bayibiza le nqubo ngokuthi yi-B-cycle ngemuva konjiniyela wenkampani uRalph Budak, owalungisa imibono kaRalph Miller wayifaka ezinjinini ezinama-turbocharged. Ngesilinganiso sokuminyaniswa esingu-13: 1, isilinganiso sangempela simayelana no-11,7: 1, wona ngokwawo ophakeme ngokwedlulele ngenjini evuthayo. Iqhaza eliyinhloko kukho konke lokhu lidlalwa ngendlela eyinkimbinkimbi yokuvula i-valve enezigaba eziguquguqukayo nokushaywa unhlangothi, okukhuthaza ukujikijela nokulungisa ngokuya ngezimo. Ezinjini ze-B-cycle, ingcindezi yomjovo inyuswa yaya ku-250 bar. Ama-Microcontroller alawula inqubo ebushelelezi yokushintsha kwesigaba kanye nokuguquka kusuka kwinqubo ye-B kuya kumjikelezo ojwayelekile we-Otto ngaphansi komthwalo omkhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinjini ezi-1,5- kanye nelitha elilodwa zisebenzisa ama-turbocharger aguquguqukayo asheshayo. Umoya opholile wangaphambi kokucindezelwa uhlinzeka ngezimo zokushisa ezingcono kunokucindezela okuqondile okuqinile kusilinda. Ngokungafani ne-Porsche's high-tech BorgWarner VTG turbocharger esetshenziselwa amamodeli anamandla amakhulu, amayunithi wejometri eguquguqukayo e-VW adalwe yinkampani efanayo ayimishini ephendulwa kancane yezinjini zikadizili. Lokhu kungenzeka ngenxa yokuthi, ngenxa yakho konke okuchazwe kuze kube manje, izinga lokushisa kwegesi eliphakeme alidluli ama-1 degrees, okungukuthi, liphakeme kancane kunelenjini kadizili, okuyinkomba yokusebenza kahle okuphezulu.
Izinkampani zaseJapan ziphambanisa ukwenziwa kwamatemu amatemu ngisho nangaphezulu. Ngokungafani nezinye izinjini zikaphethiloli zakwaMazda Skyactiv, iSkyactiv G 2.5 T ishintshiwe futhi isebenza ngaphezu kwemithwalo ehlukahlukene kanye ne-rpm kumjikelezo weMiller, kodwa iMazda ibuye idonse umjikelezo lapho amayunithi abo afunwa ngokwemvelo eSkyactiv G esebenza khona. IToyota isebenzisa i-1.2 D4 -T (8NR-FTS) kanye no-2.0 D4-T (8AR-FTS) ezinjinini zabo ze-turbo, kodwa iMazda, ngakolunye uhlangothi, izichaza njengezifana nazo zonke izinjini zayo ezihlose ngokwemvelo zezinhlobo ze-Dynamic Force zesizukulwane esisha. . ngokugcwaliswa komkhathi njengo "sebenza kumjikelezo we-Atkinson". Kuzo zonke izimo, ifilosofi yezobuchwepheshe iyafana.
