I-axle / i-architecture yokumiswa: I-MacPherson strut, ibha ye-torsion, izixhumanisi eziningi ...

Isebenza kanjani imoto> I-axle / i-architecture yokumiswa: I-MacPherson strut, ibha ye-torsion, izixhumanisi eziningi ...

Izindlela zokubhekana nokuphambuka kokumiswa zihlukahlukene futhi ziyahlukahluka, futhi akulula ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuzulazula kuzo ... Ngakho-ke ake sizame ukucacisa isimo ngokusemandleni ngokubhala izindlela ezahlukene kanye nobuchwepheshe obukhona.

Uhlobo lukaMcPherson

Lolu uhlelo olusetshenziswa kakhulu esitimeleni. ngaphambi yezimoto zethu, kodwa futhi ingasetshenziswa ngemuva. Lokhu kuthathwa njengohlobo lokumanzisa okuzimele, ngokuphambene ne-ekseli eqinile noma eqinile (isondo ngalinye line-stroke ethinta okukolunye uhlangothi lwemoto).

Iqukethe isandla, ibha ye-anti-roll и umlenze onamandla oqukethwe ingxenye engezansi ye-shock absorber... Ingachazwa ngokuthi ama-monobras njengoba kuvame ukuba nesandla esisodwa kuphela (unxantathu noma induku). Kodwa ingakhiwa izingalo ezimbili ukuze yakhe unxantathu. Kuyinqubo ehlanganisa ndawonye ukusebenza kahle et izindleko ezimaphakathingaphandle kokukhohlwa ukuthi uthathani indawo encane.

Lolu hlelo lukhulula isikhala esiningi, okuyinzuzo ezimotweni eziphambanayo ezithatha ububanzi obuningi.

Uma ukumiswa kwehluleka, i-angle ye-camber iba yinegethivu, okuyinzuzo uma ijika. Nokho, lolu hlelo lunciphisa kakhulu amandla okulungisa ijometri. Ngakho-ke, akuyona into engakhethelwa ukusebenza okuphezulu, noma ngabe izinguqulo ezithuthuke kakhulu zalolu hlelo zikhona (bona ngezansi). Ijoyinti eliwolintshi libonisa ukuhlangana kwebhola phakathi kwengalo (eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka) kanye nehabhu (mpunga).

Umehluko phakathi kukaMacPherson noNick MacPherson

Umehluko ulula, uMcPherson usebenzisa isandla "standard“Ngenkathi uMcPherson mbumbulu esebenzisa isandla sakhe umumo kanxantathu... Kuhle

isiteketiso

MacPherson, okuyinto evame kakhulu (kahle, cishe yonke indawo, ngisho). Qaphela ukuthi i-Macpherson idinga ngempela ibha yokulwa ne-roll (lapha ixhunywe engalweni elengayo, hhayi kurokhethi ye-strut) ukuze iqondise i-asi yangaphambili ngobude nangaseceleni. Uma sesinezitimela ezizimele ezimbili ku-ekseli efanayo, sidinga ibha yokulwa ne-roll, ehlinzeka ngesixhumanisi phakathi kwalezi ezimbili zokugcina.

Nansi i-pseudo-MacPherson, ngoba isandla sikunxantathu. Uma ibiqukethe ibha eyodwa, bekuzoba yiMacPherson nhlobo.

"Ibha" ephakathi nendawo yi-cardan shaft (idlulisela amandla okushayela emasondweni). Irabha ikhava yegimbal equkethe amafutha. Lapha, ibha ye-anti-roll ixhunywe engalweni elengayo.

Izinhlobo eziningana zezintambo ze-pseudo-MacPherson?

Isistimu ye-Pivot?

Kukhona amadizayini angaphambili noma athuthuke kakhulu asebenzisa indlela yeMacPherson. Ngezinduku ezinamandla kakhulu, sisebenzisa isistimu yokuqondisa ezimele, ehlanganisa ukuthuthukisa isistimu yokuqondisa amasondo (i-ball joint on the lever / triangle evumela ukuthi ujike kwesokunxele noma kwesokudla). Lokhu kunciphisa umphumela we-torque, okungukuthi isiteringi sidonsela ohlangothini olulodwa ngesikhathi sokusheshisa kanzima. Ngokuhambisana nomehluko oshelelayo olinganiselwe, lokhu kuvumela ukudonsa okuthile ukuthi kusondele ezimbonini zamandla ngokusebenza kahle. Ngakho-ke, kubavumela ukuthi babeke amandla amaningi ngaphansi kwe-hood. Ngoba uma i-asi yangaphambili kufanele ilawule indlela, isisindo senjini kanye nokudonsa, idinga ukuthuthukiswa.

Uhlobo lwesandla?

Lena yiMacPherson strut BMW 3 Series E90. Ngizabalazile ukuhlanganisa imigqa eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nezingalo, njengoba eyakhe igobile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-engeli yesithombe ibingekho kahle ekugqamiseni isistimu. Qaphela ukuthi i-asi yangaphambili ikhanyisiwe ngoba awukho shaft kaphephela endabeni yesikhungo sikagesi.

I-axle eqinile kancane ene-torsion bar

(Ngemuva kuphela ezimotweni ezineminyaka ephakathi: 90s)

Nakuba lolu hlelo lwalukhona ku-axle yangaphambili esikhathini esidlule, kusukela ngeminyaka yama-80s / 90s lukhawulelwe ekuseviseni i-asi yangemuva. Lokhu ukumiswa okuzimele uma kukhona ama-torsion bars amabili (noma mhlawumbe eyodwa kuphela), ngokungafani ne-semi-rigid noma i-axle eqinile engamaphesenti ayikhulu. Iwuhlelo lokongayo, kodwa ukuthuthukiswa kwalo kulinganiselwe futhi kungatholakala ezimotweni eziningi ezongayo njenge-100, 90, njll. ye-106s.

Mhlawumbe kuzomangaza abanye, kodwa ngale divayisi ukumiswa kuphathiswe induku yensimbi eqondile, isibonelo i ... Futhi yebo, hhayi isiphethu, kodwa induku (ngokuvamile amasethi amabili) esiza ukugcina imoto emoyeni. (Ngakho-ke misa okwesikhashana) ngakho-ke esikhundleni sentwasahlobo. Kodwa-ke, idinga i-absorber eshaqisayo ukulawula ukugibela futhi igweme ukuphindaphinda. Yingakho uma ubheka ngaphansi kuka-106 cishe uzobona kuphela (okumise okwepiston) okokubamba ukushaqeka ngaphandle kwesiphethu.

Inzuzo yalesi simiso ukuthi kokubili ukonga, hhayi kanzima (kushiya indawo eyengeziwe yokuhlala kanye nesiqu) futhi kulula kakhulu, naphezu "kozalo", inzuzo encane kakhulu kune-multi-link (kodwa inzima!).

Lena ibha eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka esebenza njengomthombo. Ngempela, inamathele ngokuqinile kumaphuzu 1 no-2. I-1 yi-lever (eluhlaza "i-lever enwetshiwe") ephethe isondo, futhi i-2 yi-chassis yemoto. Ubude obungalungile (okufana nokusula ngendwangu emanzi) ngakho-ke kungena esikhundleni sentwasahlobo.

Kukhona ama-torsion bars amabili (owolintshi). Omunye usebenza ngesandla sokudla omunye uphathe ngesandla sokunxele. Ngasinye sinobude obungalungile. Sicela uqaphele ukuthi kunezindlela eziningana zokuklama lesi simiso, ngakho-ke singahluka (ikakhulukazi ama-torsion bar) ukusuka emotweni ukuya emotweni. Lo mshini ungaphinda ubangele i-wheelbase ehlukene phakathi kwezinhlangothi ezingakwesokunxele nezingakwesokudla.

Futhi nakhu ekwenzayo empilweni yangempela (i-Peugeot 106): I-torsion bar imisa imoto emoyeni, futhi into ebamba ukushaqeka ikhawulela isivinini sohambo ukuze igweme umphumela wentwasahlobo / wokubuyela emuva ongaba yingozi ekuziphatheni kwemoto.

I-axis ye-H eqinile ene-helical spring

(isistimu ye-transverse motor drive edume kakhulu)

Iwuhlobo lwe-axis ye-H exhuma kalula amagiya angakwesokunxele nesokudla (njengezingalo ezimbili ezinwetshiwe ezixhunywe enye kwenye ukuze kuhlanganiswe). Ngakho-ke, kubukeka njenge-axle eqinile, kodwa ibha exhuma ama-axle shafts amabili iyaguquguquka ukuze ukuphambuka kwamasondo abekwe nhlangothi zombili kungabi nethonya elikhulu komunye nomunye (ngakho-ke ayincikile futhi ayizimele, kodwa semiaxis). -inzima noma izimele).

Ngakho-ke sidinga isiphethu lapha ngoba asisasebenzisi i-torsion bar ukumisa imoto emoyeni njengoba sibonile nge-torsion bar esiyibone ekuqaleni. Kuyidivayisi ejwayeleke kakhulu e-France (ngoba isetshenziswa kakhulukazi ukusunduza) futhi ithatha indawo yesistimu ye-torsion bar endala.

Kwezinye izimoto, i-entry-level inikezwa nge-axle yangemuva eqinile, kanti i-upscale trim inikezwa nge-multi-link suspension.

Lapha (Igalofu 4), ngaphezu kwe-torsion bar, kukhona isiphethu se-helical. Ngakho-ke, ama-torsion bars akuzona kuphela "ezithatha" isisindo (lokhu kunjalo ezimotweni eziningi ezihlangene).

ukuthi i-suspension yangemuva, i-ekseli, i-spring, i-shock absorber kanye nesondo eligobile lisebenza kanjani)

Lapha phezulu kuneleveli yokungenela i-asi engemuva yeGalofu ene-torsion bar (ilungu elikhulu elimnyama eliyisiphambano elihlanganisa ne-torsion bar) + i-coil springs yokumiswa futhi ekugcineni i-damper piston yokudambisa So ... -link to more power versions

Unxantathu ophindwe kabili

(Phambili noma emuva, lolu uhlelo oluhle kakhulu olukhona ... Akukho lutho olungcono!)

Nali izifiso ezimbili ze-Jaguar F-Pace.

Lolu hlelo lufana nelikaMacPherson, kodwa kulokhu lisebenzisa onxantathu ababili. Ivamise ukunikezwa ezimotweni ezisebenza kahle kakhulu. I-shock absorber manje ayixhunywanga ku-hub yesondo, kodwa kunxantathu ophansi (ophansi). Lolu wuhlelo olusebenza kahle kakhulu njengoba lusetshenziswa emqhudelwaneni. Inzuzo iwukuba ukwazi ukwenza izinguquko eziningana endleleni isakhiwo esisebenza ngayo, esiwusizo kakhulu, ngakho-ke emncintiswaneni, njengoba izidingo zihluka kusuka kwesinye isifunda kuya kwesinye. Kodwa khumbula ukuthi lolu hlelo akulona nje elokugijima, futhi lusetshenziswa yiwo wonke umuntu kwezinye izimoto. Singakhuluma ngama-polyarms, njengoba kukhona onxantathu abaningana (ihlombe elilodwa = unxantathu), kodwa kufanele wazi ukuthi ngolimi, noma kunjalo, bahlukanisa ama-polyarms of triangulation kabili. Ububi ukuthi ithatha indawo enkulu kunezinye izinhlelo, okuvamise ukunciphisa indawo yebhuthi bese iphazamisa isiteringi samasondo angaphambili (injini ithatha isikhala esiningi).

Qaphela ukuthi kukhona futhi ibha yokuxhuma i-clamp (evimbela amasondo ukuthi ahambisane) kanye ne-anti-roll bar eguquguqukayo ngokuya ngezilungiselelo ezifiselekayo.

Qaphela ukuthi umdwebo awubonisi i-clamp rod (noma isiteringi uma singaphambili) noma ibha yokunqanda ukugoqa. Ekugcineni, njengazo zonke izithombe ezikuleli khasi, indawo (kanye nokuma) kwama-booms nama-ball joints kungahluka kusuka emotweni eyodwa kuya kwelandelayo.

Nansi i-Ferrari 360 Modena double wishbone. Okungenani isistimu iyaqondakala uma iqhathaniswa nezinye izitimela eziyinkimbinkimbi (ama-lever amaningana anomumo ohlukile).

Nawu umfanekiso okulula ukuwuqonda. Lapha siqaphela ukuthi lena yi-ekseli yangaphambili njengoba sibona ukuxhumana kokuqondisa.

Ama-Multibras

(Phambili noma ngemuva, kodwa ngokujwayelekile sikhuluma ngokumiswa kwezixhumanisi eziningi ukuze sikhulume nge-ekseli yangemuva. I-axle yangaphambili enezixhumanisi eziningi ivamise ukubizwa ngokuthi i-virtual / offset double triangle).

Uhlelo lufana kakhulu ne-fishbone ephindwe kabili, evumela ukusebenza okungcono (uma kuqhathaniswa ne-axle ye-torsion) ngenxa yokulawula okuqondile nokuhlakaniphile kwe-chassis. Ngokuvamile, lokhu kuhilela ukuxhuma isondo ngezingalo eziningi (4 noma 5) kunonxantathu ababili ukuze kwandiswe usayizi wesistimu (onxantathu abaphelele bathatha isikhala esiningi!). Qaphela ukuthi ukubukeka kwabo akusenawo umumo oqondile, babukeka njengenguqulo "engenakhanda" yeziqongo zabo kwezinye izinguqulo, kuyilapho ezinye zingasabukeki njengonxantathu. Izinhlobonhlobo zemiklamo zikhulu kakhulu futhi kufanele kukhunjulwe ikakhulukazi ukuthi isimiso sisekelwe ekusetshenzisweni kwama-levers amaningi (okungabuye kubizwe ngokuthi izinduku zokuxhuma noma, ngamafuphi, "izinduku zensimbi") ezibekwe kahle ngokujwayelekile. ezine ou emihlanu (ngokuvamile ezi-5 ze-asi yangemuva nezi-4 ze-asi yangaphambili). Iningi lazo liguquguqukayo, kanti elinye (lesihlanu okungenzeka) liyi-longitudinal, endaweni efanayo nemoto, okungukuthi, ihambisana. Kube sekubhekwa njenge elule ingalo.

Qaphela ukuthi kukhona futhi ibha yokuxhuma i-clamp (evimbela amasondo ukuthi ahambisane) kanye ne-anti-roll bar eguquguqukayo ngokuya ngezilungiselelo ezifiselekayo.

Okunye okungalungile ukuthi lolu hlobo lwesistimu kunzima ukuklama ngisho nakunjiniyela onolwazi. Ngenxa yalokho, ezinye izimoto ezine-multi-link steering zingadumaza abashayeli bezindiza abalindele okwengeziwe. Naphezu kwakho konke, usizo lwekhompiyutha lusiza kakhulu umsebenzi wonjiniyela, abangase bahlole imiphumela yabo esikrinini, ngaphandle kokwenza izivivinyo emzileni.

Ingalo yesihlanu "eyengeziwe" (lena "ingalo enwetshiwe") ivamise ukuba khona ku-ekseli yangemuva, kodwa ayiveli ngaphambili. Lokhu kuvimbela ingemuva lemoto ukuthi liphakanyiswe kakhulu ngesikhathi sokubhuleka okuqinile. Futhi, indawo, ukuma kwama-levers, kanye nendawo yamalungu ebhola kuzohluka kusuka emotweni eyodwa kuya kwesinye (noma kunalokho kusuka kunjiniyela oyedwa kuya kwesinye). Lona umdwebo owenziwe lula ofingqa ukuthi usebenza kanjani.

Lapha ekugcineni, ayikho ingalo elandelanayo evamile yesihlanu ye-asili yangemuva enezixhumanisi eziningi. Sicela uqaphele ukuthi lokhu unxantathu ophindwe kabili ehlanganisa izandla eziningi. Unxantathu ongenhla wakhiwe ngemithende emibili, kanti ophansi ngebhulokhi, imicibisholo emnyama ikhombisa lezi zakhi. Siyalubona lolu hlobo lokwakhiwa kwe-A4 ne-Peugeot 407, okubonisa ukuthi ibhubesikazi lalinekhono kakhulu kwezobuchwepheshe!

Omunye umbono wokuqonda kangcono ingqikithi

I-axle eqinile / i-axle eqinile

I-rustic system ekhawulela ukunethezeka nokubambeka emgwaqweni mancane amathuba okuthi uke ube nemoto enalolu hlobo lwe-asi.

Eyakamuva ixhuma amasondo angakwesokunxele nakwesokudla nge-axle eqinile (i-asi yangemuva kuphela). Ngakho-ke, uma isondo langakwesokunxele lishaya i-bump, liphinde lithinte isondo elingakwesokudla. Ngokuvamile axhunyiwe! Lolu hlelo lusetshenziswa kwezinye izimoto ezinkulu ezingama-XNUMXWD, okuhlanganisa nama-pickup. Ngakho, akulona uhlelo oluzimele lokumiswa.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili: i-ekseli eqinile evamile kanye ne-ekseli eqinile engashayeli (akukho ukudluliselwa okubalulekile ukushayela amasondo angemuva).

I-Watt ehambisanayo

Akuvamile kakhulu, le sistimu ye-asi engemuva ifana nengxube ye-axle eqinile kanye ne-wishbone. Kungcono uma ubona izithombe ngokwakho kuvidiyo engezansi.

I-Opel Astra 2009: izimfihlo zesitimela sayo ... kumakholi-okuzenzakalelayo

Yonke imibono nokuphendula

wokugcina amazwana athunyelwe:

I-Fab's (Usuku: 2021, 01:25:06)

Sawubona, ngicela ukwazi ukuthi zikhona yini izitimela zangemuva ze-toyota ezizoshintsha izitimela ezithile kwi-peugeot 206 ... ngiyabonga

Il J. 8 ukusabela (kula) mazwana:

(Okuthunyelwe kwakho kuzobonakala ngaphansi kwamazwana ngemuva kokuqinisekiswa)

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