Impahla yaseMelika
I-V 80 esifundeni sase-Hel, ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa ngenjini kanjiniyela u-Walther ngo-1942. Ukucasha kanye nezilinganiso zendawo encane ziyabonakala.
Phakathi nenkathi yezimpi, yonke imikhumbi yempi yathola isivinini esiphezulu esingathuthukiswa, ngaphandle kwemikhumbi-ngwenya, lapho umkhawulo wawuhlala unamafindo angu-17 phezu kanye namafindo angu-9 ngaphansi kwamanzi - ngesikhathi esinqunyelwe umthamo webhethri cishe ihora nesigamu noma ngaphansi uma Ngaphambilini, amabhethri ayengashajwa ngokugcwele lapho etshuza.
Kusukela ekuqaleni 30s, unjiniyela German. UHelmut Walter. Umqondo wakhe kwakuwukudala injini yokushisa evaliwe (ngaphandle kokufinyelela emoyeni osemkhathini) esebenzisa uphethiloli wedizili njengomthombo wamandla nesitimu esizungeza i-turbine. Njengoba ukunikezwa komoyampilo kuyisidingo senqubo yokuvutha, u-Walter wabona ngeso lengqondo ukusetshenziswa kwe-hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) enengxube engaphezu kuka-80%, ebizwa nge-perhydrol, njengomthombo wayo ekamelweni elivuthayo elivaliwe. I-catalyst edingekayo yokusabela kufanele kube i-sodium noma i-calcium permanganate.
Ucwaningo lukhula ngokushesha
NgoJulayi 1, 1935 - lapho imikhumbi emibili yaseKiel yaseDeutsche Werke AG kanye neKrupp yakha amayunithi ayi-18 ochungechungeni lokuqala lwemikhumbi-ngwenya yasogwini (uhlobo II A no-II B) ye-U-Bootwaffe evuka ngokushesha - uWalter Germaniawerft AG, iminyaka eminingana ibambe iqhaza ekwakhiweni komkhumbi-ngwenya osheshayo onezimoto ezizimele zomoya, ohlelwe eKiel "Ingenieurbüro Hellmuth Walter GmbH", uqasha isisebenzi esisodwa. Ngonyaka olandelayo, wasungula inkampani entsha, i-"Hellmuth Walter Kommanditgesellschaft" (HWK), wathenga umshini omdala wegesi wawenza waba indawo yokuhlola, waqasha abantu abangu-300. Ekuqaleni kuka-1939/40, lesi sitshalo sanwetshwa endaweni etholakala ngqo ku-Kaiser Wilhelm Canal, njengoba i-Kiel Canal (isiJalimane: i-Nord-Ostsee-Kanal) yabizwa ngaphambi kuka-1948, ukuqashwa kwanda kwafinyelela kubantu abangaba ngu-1000, futhi ucwaningo. yandiselwa ekushayeleni izindiza kanye namabutho angaphansi.
Ngawo lowo nyaka, uWalther wasungula imboni yokukhiqiza izinjini ze-torpedo e-Ahrensburg eduze kwaseHamburg, futhi ngonyaka olandelayo, ngo-1941, e-Eberswalde eduze kwaseBerlin, imboni yezinjini zezindiza zezindiza; Khona-ke lesi sitshalo sadluliselwa e-Bavorov (yangaphambili iBeerberg) eduze kwaseLyuban. Ngo-1944, kwasungulwa imboni ye-rocket engine eHartmannsdorf. Ngo-1940, isikhungo sokuhlola i-TVA torpedo (TorpedoVerssuchsanstalt) yathuthelwa e-Hel futhi ingxenye yayiswa eBosau echibini iGroßer Plehner (empumalanga yeSchleswig-Holstein). Kwaze kwaba sekupheleni kwempi, abantu abangaba ngu-5000 300 basebenza emafektri kaWalter, kuhlanganise nonjiniyela abangaba ngu-XNUMX. Lesi sihloko simayelana namaphrojekthi angaphansi kolwandle.
Ngaleso sikhathi, i-hydrogen peroxide ene-concentration ephansi, engamaphesenti ambalwa, yayisetshenziswa ezimbonini zezimonyo, zendwangu, zamakhemikhali nezokwelapha, futhi ukuthola ukugxila kakhulu (ngaphezu kwama-80%), okuwusizo ocwaningweni lukaWalter, kwakuyinkinga enkulu kubakhiqizi bayo. . I-hydrogen peroxide egxilile kakhulu ngokwayo yayisebenza ngaleso sikhathi eJalimane ngaphansi kwamagama amaningana afihlekile: i-T-Stoff (Treibshtoff), i-Aurol, i-Auxilin ne-Ingolin, futhi njengoketshezi olungenambala yabuye yadaywa ngokuphuzi ukuze ifihleke.
Umgomo wokusebenza kwe-turbine "ebandayo".
Ukubola kwe-perhydrol ku-oksijeni nomhwamuko wamanzi kwenzeka ngemva kokuxhumana ne-catalyst - i-sodium noma i-calcium permanganate - ekamelweni lokubola lensimbi engagqwali (i-perhydrol yayiwuketshezi oluyingozi, olunolaka lwamakhemikhali, lwabangela i-oxidation eqinile yezinsimbi futhi yabonisa ukusebenza kabusha okukhethekile). ngamafutha). Kumikhumbi-ngwenya yokuhlola, i-perhydrol yafakwa ezindlini ezivulekile ngaphansi kwegobolondo eliqinile, ezikhwameni ezenziwe ngezinto eziguquguqukayo ezifana nerabha ye-mipolam. Izikhwama zazingaphansi kokucindezela kwamanzi olwandle angaphandle okuphoqelela i-perhydrol empompini yokucindezela nge-valve yokuhlola. Ngenxa yalesi sixazululo, azikho izingozi ezinkulu nge-perhydrol ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa. Iphampu eqhutshwa ngogesi ifake i-perhydrol ngevalvu yokulawula ingene egumbini lokubola. Ngemva kokuxhumana ne-catalyst, i-perhydrol yabola ibe yingxube ye-oksijeni nomhwamuko wamanzi, owawuhambisana nokwanda kokucindezela kwenani eliqhubekayo le-30 bar kanye nokushisa okufika ku-600 ° C. Kulokhu kucindezela, ingxube yomusi wamanzi yanyakazisa i-turbine, bese, ijiya ku-condenser, ibalekela ngaphandle, ihlanganiswe namanzi olwandle, kuyilapho umoya-mpilo ubangela ukuba amanzi aphume igwebu kancane. Ukwandisa ukujula kokucwiliswa kwandisa ukumelana nokuphuma kwesitimu eceleni komkhumbi futhi, ngaleyo ndlela, kunciphisa amandla athuthukiswe yi-turbine.
Umgomo wokusebenza kwe-turbine "eshisayo".
Lo mshini ubuyinkimbinkimbi ngokwezobuchwepheshe, kuhlanganisa. kwakudingeka ukuthi kusetshenziswe iphampu elawulwa ngokuqinile kathathu ukuze kuhlinzekwe kanyekanye i-perhydrol, uphethiloli wedizili namanzi (uwoyela wokwenziwa obizwa ngokuthi "decalin" wasetshenziswa esikhundleni sikaphethiloli wedizili ojwayelekile). Ngemuva kwegumbi lokubola kunegumbi elivuthayo le-porcelain. "I-Decalin" yafakwa engxubeni yesitimu nomoya-mpilo, ekushiseni okungaba ngu-600 ° C, ingena ngaphansi kwengcindezi yayo isuka egunjini lokubola ingene egumbini elivuthayo, okubangela ukunyuka kwezinga lokushisa ku-2000-2500 ° C. Amanzi ashisiwe aphinde ajovwa ekamelweni elivuthayo lejakhethi lamanzi elipholile, okwandisa inani lomhwamuko futhi ehlisa nakakhulu izinga lokushisa lamagesi akhipha umoya (85% umhwamuko kanye no-15% we-carbon dioxide) kuya ku-600°C. Le ngxube, ngaphansi kwengcindezi yamabha angu-30, yenza i-turbine ukuthi inyakaze, yase iphonswa ngaphandle komzimba oqinile. Umhwamuko wamanzi uhlanganiswe namanzi olwandle, futhi i-dioksidi yancibilika kuwo kakade ekucwilisweni okungamamitha angu-40. Njengakwi-turbine "ebandayo", ukwanda kokujula kokucwiliswa kwaholela ekwehleni kwamandla e-turbine. Isikulufu besishayelwa u-gearbox onegiya elilinganiselwa ku-20:1. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Perhydrol ku-turbine "eshisayo" bekungaphansi ngokuphindwe kathathu kunaleyo "ebandayo".
Ngo-1936, u-Walther wahlangana ehholo elivulekile lendawo yomkhumbi "eJalimane" i-turbine yokuqala emile "eshisayo", esebenza ngokuzimela ngaphandle kokufinyelela komoya wasemkhathini, oklanyelwe ukuhamba ngokushesha kwamanzi ngaphansi kwamanzi, amandla angu-4000 hp. (cishe. 2940 kW).
