Ukumiswa kwemoto okuguquguqukayo

I-athikili ichaza umgomo wokusebenza kokumiswa okuguquguqukayo kwemoto, okuhle nokubi, kanye nedivayisi. Amamodeli ayinhloko emishini lapho umshini kanye nezindleko zokulungiswa kutholakala khona. Ekupheleni kwe-athikili, ukubuyekezwa kwevidiyo yesimiso sokusebenza kokumiswa okuguquguqukayo Lesi sihloko sichaza isimiso sokusebenza kokumiswa okuguquguqukayo kwemoto, okuhle nokubi, kanye nedivayisi. Amamodeli ayinhloko emishini lapho umshini kanye nezindleko zokulungiswa kutholakala khona. Ekupheleni kwesihloko kukhona ukubuyekezwa kwevidiyo yesimiso sokusebenza kokumiswa okuguquguqukayo.

Ukumiswa kwemoto kubhekwa njengenye yezingxenye eziyinhloko ezibhekene nenduduzo kanye nekhono lokuhamba. Njengomthetho, lokhu kuyinhlanganisela yezakhi ezihlukahlukene, ama-node kanye nezakhi, ngayinye edlala indima ebalulekile. Ngaphambi kwalokho, sesivele sicabangele i-MacPherson struts, i-multi-link kanye ne-torsion beam, ngakho-ke kukhona okuthile ongaqhathanisa nakho futhi uqonde ukuthi ingakanani induduzo engcono noma embi kakhulu, ukulungiswa okushibhile noma okubizayo, kanye nendlela ukumiswa nokuvumelana ngayo. umgomo wokusebenza zilungisiwe.

Kuyini ukumiswa okuguquguqukayo

Kusukela egameni ngokwalo, ukuthi ukumiswa kuyaguquguquka, kuyacaca ukuthi isistimu ingashintsha ngokuzenzakalelayo noma ebhodini imiyalo yekhompyutha ukushintsha izici ezithile, imingcele futhi ivumelane nezidingo zomshayeli noma umgwaqo. Kwabanye abakhiqizi, le nguqulo yomshini ibizwa nangokuthi i-semi-active.

Isici esiyinhloko salo lonke umshini yizinga lokudambisa ama-absorbers (isivinini sokudlidliza okudambisayo kanye nokunciphisa ukudluliswa kokushaqeka emzimbeni). Ukukhulunywa kokuqala komshini wokuguquguquka bekwaziwa kusukela kuma-50s wekhulu lama-20. Abakhiqizi base beqala ukusebenzisa ama-hydropneumatic struts esikhundleni sama-dampers nemithombo yendabuko. Isisekelo bekungamasilinda amanzi kanye nama-accumulator angama-hydraulic ngendlela yama-sphere. Isimiso sokusebenza sasilula, ngenxa yokushintsha kwengcindezi yamanzi, imingcele yesisekelo kanye ne-chassis yemoto yashintsha.

Imoto yokuqala lapho kwatholakala khona i-hydropneumatic strut kwakuyi-Citroen, eyakhululwa ngo-1954.

Kamuva, kwasetshenziswa umshini ofanayo wezimoto ze-DS, futhi kusukela kuma-90s kwavela ukumiswa kwe-Hydraactive, okusetshenziselwa futhi kuthuthukiswe onjiniyela kuze kube namuhla. Ngokungeza amasistimu okulawula e-elekthronikhi ne-othomathikhi, umshini ngokwawo ungashintshwa ukuze uhambisane nomgwaqo noma isitayela sokushayela somshayeli. Ngakho-ke, kuyacaca ukuthi ingxenye eyinhloko yendlela yamanje yokuguquguquka yizinto ze-electronics kanye ne-hydropneumatic racks, ekwazi ukuguqula izici ngokusekelwe ezinzwa ezihlukahlukene kanye nokuhlaziywa kwekhompiyutha ebhodini.

Isebenza kanjani i-adaptive suspension yemoto

Kuye ngomkhiqizi, ukumiswa kanye nezingxenye kungase kushintshe, kodwa kukhona futhi izakhi ezizoba yizinga kuzo zonke izinketho. Ngokuvamile, leli sethi lihlanganisa:

• iyunithi yokulawula ngogesi;
• ama-racks asebenzayo (ama-racks emoto aguquguqukayo);
• ama-anti-roll amabha anomsebenzi oguquguqukayo;
• izinhlobonhlobo zezinzwa (ubunzima bomgwaqo, ukugoqa komzimba, ukususwa, nokunye).

Ngayinye yezinto ezisohlwini inesibopho esibalulekile sokusebenza kwesistimu ye-automation eguquguqukayo. Inhliziyo yomshini iyunithi yokulawula ukumiswa kwe-elekthronikhi, nguyena onesibopho sokukhetha imodi nokumisa izindlela zomuntu ngamunye. Njengomthetho, ihlaziya ulwazi oluqoqwe ezinzwa ezihlukahlukene, noma ithola umyalo ovela kuyunithi yezandla (isikhethi esilawulwa umshayeli). Kuye ngohlobo lwesignali etholiwe, ukulungiswa kokuqina kuzoba okuzenzakalelayo (uma kwenzeka kuqoqwa ulwazi kusuka kuzinzwa) noma kuphoqelelwe (ngumshayeli).

Ingqikithi yebha yokuzinzisa elungiseka nge-elekthronikhi iyafana nasendaweni evamile ye-anti-roll, umehluko kuphela amandla okulungisa izinga lokuqina ngokusekelwe kumyalo ovela kuyunithi yokulawula. Ngokuvamile isebenza ngesikhathi sokuqondisa imoto, ngaleyo ndlela inciphisa umzimba. Iyunithi yokulawula iyakwazi ukubala amasiginali ngama-millisecond, okukuvumela ukuthi uphendule ngokushesha kumabhampa omgwaqo nezimo ezahlukahlukene.

Izinzwa zesisekelo eziguquguqukayo zemoto ngokuvamile zingamadivayisi akhethekile anhloso yawo kuwukulinganisa nokuqoqa ulwazi nokuludlulisela kuyunithi yokulawula emaphakathi. Isibonelo, inzwa yokusheshisa imoto iqoqa idatha ngekhwalithi yezimoto ezibizayo, futhi okwamanje i-body roll iyasebenza futhi idlulisele ulwazi kuyunithi yokulawula.

Inzwa yesibili iyinzwa yebhampa yomgwaqo, isabela kumabhampa futhi idlulisele ulwazi mayelana nokudlidliza okuqondile komzimba wemoto. Abaningi bambheka njengoyinhloko, njengoba enesibopho sokulungiswa okulandelayo kwama-racks. Okubaluleke kangako inzwa yendawo yomzimba, inesibopho sokuma okuvundlile futhi ngesikhathi sokuqondisa idlulisa idatha yokuthambekela komzimba (uma ibhuleka noma ijubane). Ngokuvamile kulesi simo, umzimba wemoto uncike phambili ngesikhathi sokubhuleka kanzima noma emuva ngesikhathi sokusheshisa kanzima.

Njengoba kukhonjisiwe, ama-struts okumiswa aguquguqukayo

Imininingwane yokugcina yesistimu eguquguqukayo i-adjustable (asebenzayo) amarack. Lezi zakhi zisabela ngokushesha endaweni yomgwaqo, kanye nesitayela semoto. Ngokushintsha ukucindezela koketshezi ngaphakathi, ukuqina kokumiswa sekukonke nakho kuyashintsha. Ochwepheshe bahlukanisa izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zombani osebenzayo: ngoketshezi oluyizibuthe lwe-rheological kanye ne-valve ye-electromagnetic.

Inguqulo yokuqala yama-rack asebenzayo igcwele uketshezi olukhethekile. I-viscosity yoketshezi ingahluka kuye ngamandla enkambu ye-electromagnetic. Uma kukhulu ukumelana koketshezi ukuze kudlule i-valve, isisekelo semoto sizoqina. Ama-struts anjalo asetshenziswa ezimotweni ze-Cadillac ne-Chevrolet (MagneRide) noma ze-Audi (Magnetic Ride). Kuye ngomyalo ovela kuyunithi yokulawula, isigaba siyashintsha, futhi ukuqina kwama-rack kushintsha ngokufanele. Lolu hlobo lwemishini lungatholakala ekumisweni kwezimoto zeVolkswagen (DCC), Mercedes-Benz (ADS), Toyota (AVS), Opel (CDS) kanye neBMW (EDC).

Indlela ukumiswa kwemoto okuguquguqukayo kusebenza ngayo

Kuyinto eyodwa ukuqonda izisekelo zokumiswa okuguquguqukayo, nokunye ukuqonda ukuthi kusebenza kanjani. Phela, yiwona kanye umgomo wokusebenza ozonikeza umbono wamathuba kanye namacala okusebenzisa. Okokuqala, cabangela inketho yokulawula ukumiswa okuzenzakalelayo, lapho ikhompiyutha esebhodini kanye neyunithi yokulawula i-elekthronikhi inesibopho sezinga lokuqina nezilungiselelo. Esimweni esinjalo, uhlelo luqoqa lonke ulwazi oluvela ku-clearance, ukusheshisa nezinye izinzwa, bese ludlulisela yonke into kuyunithi yokulawula.

Ividiyo ikhombisa umgomo wokusebenza kweVolkswagen adaptive suspension

Lona wakamuva uhlaziya ulwazi bese ufinyelela iziphetho mayelana nesimo somgwaqo, indlela yokushayela yomshayeli nezinye izici zemoto. Ngokweziphetho, i-block idlulisela imiyalo yokulungisa ukuqina kwama-struts, ukulawula ibha ye-anti-roll, kanye nezinye izakhi ezinomthwalo wemfanelo wokunethezeka ku-cabin futhi zixhunywe ekusebenzeni kwesisekelo semoto. Kufanele kuqondwe ukuthi zonke izakhi nemininingwane zixhumene futhi azisebenzi nje ukuthola imiyalo, kodwa futhi ukuphendula isimo, imiyalo exazululiwe, nesidingo sokulungisa ama-node athile. Kuvela ukuthi uhlelo, ngaphezu kokudlulisa imiyalo ehleliwe, luphinde lufunde (luzivumelanisa) nezidingo zomshayeli noma ukungalingani komgwaqo.

Ngokungafani nokulawula okuzenzakalelayo kokumiswa okuguquguqukayo komshini, ukulawula okwenziwa ngesandla kuyahluka esimisweni sokusebenza. Ochwepheshe bahlukanisa izinkomba ezimbili eziyinhloko: eyokuqala, lapho ukuqina kubekwe umshayeli ngenkani ngokulungisa ama-rack (usebenzisa abalawuli emotweni). Inketho yesibili i-semi-manual noma i-semi-automatic, kusukela ekuqaleni izindlela zixhunywe ku-block ekhethekile, futhi umshayeli kufanele akhethe imodi yokushayela kuphela. Ngakho-ke, i-adaptive suspension electronics ithumela imiyalo ezindleleni zokusetha ukuqina komshini. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ulwazi oluvela ezinzwa lufundwa kancane, ngokuvamile lusetshenziselwa ukulungisa imingcele etholakalayo ukuze isisekelo sikhululeke ngangokunokwenzeka ezimweni ezithile zomgwaqo. ukushayela emgwaqeni.

Ubuhle nobubi bokumiswa kwemoto okuguquguqukayo

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi indlela ihlelwe kahle kangakanani, kuyohlale kunezinhlangothi ezinhle nezingezinhle (kanye nokukhipha). Ukumiswa okuguquguqukayo kwemoto akufani, naphezu kokuthi ochwepheshe abaningi bakhuluma kuphela ngezinzuzo zemishini.

Ubuhle nobubi bokumiswa kwemoto okuguquguqukayo
Izinzuzo	Amaphutha
Excellent running smoothness	Izindleko zokukhiqiza eziphezulu
Ukuphathwa kahle kwemoto (ngisho nasemgwaqeni omubi)	Izindleko eziphezulu zokulungisa nokulungisa ukumiswa
Amathuba wokushintsha indawo yamahhala yemoto	Ubunkimbinkimbi bomklamo
Ukujwayela izimo zomgwaqo	Ubunzima bokulungisa
Ukukhetha imodi yokushayela	Ukushintshwa kwamapheya we-hydropneumoelements kuma-axles
Impilo ende yesevisi yezinto ze-hydropneumatic (cishe 25 km)	-

Siyabona ukuthi inkinga enkulu yesisekelo esivumelanayo semoto yizindleko eziphakeme zokuyilungisa, ukukhanda nokukhiqiza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuklama akuyona into elula kakhulu. Ukwehluleka kwesinye sezinzwa kuzothinta ngokushesha ukunethezeka nokulingana komshini. I-plus enkulu i-electronics, esabela ngengxenyana yomzuzwana, ngaleyo ndlela idale izimo ezifanele zokusebenza kahle komzimba wemoto.

Umehluko omkhulu wokumiswa okuguquguqukayo

Uma uqhathanisa idivaysi yokumisa eguquguqukayo echazwe ngenhla nezinye, njenge-multi-link noma i-MacPherson struts, umehluko ungabonakala ngisho nangaphandle kwamakhono akhethekile emkhakheni wokuklama imoto. Isibonelo, ngenkathi i-MacPherson ikhululekile, abagibeli emotweni bazobhekana nomgwaqo wokuhamba okuhle nokubi. Ukuphathwa kokumiswa okunjalo emgwaqeni omubi kulahleka futhi akuhlali kuhle kakhulu esimweni sokushayela ngaphandle komgwaqo.

Mayelana nokuvumelana nezimo, umshayeli, empeleni, angase angaqondi ukuthi imoto ingene nini emgwaqeni isesimweni esingesihle. Uhlelo lulungisa ngesivinini sombani, lushintsha izimo zokulawula kanye nokuqina kwama-racks. Izinzwa zizwela kakhulu, futhi ama-rack aphendula ngokushesha emiyalweni evela kuyunithi yokulawula ye-elekthronikhi.

Kuye ngesakhiwo somshini, ngaphezu kwama-racks athile, uhlelo luhlukaniswa nezinzwa eziningi, ukuhlelwa kwezingxenye ngokwazo, kanye nokubukeka okunamandla okulula ukukubona lapho ubheka isondo lokuqondisa imoto. Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi ukumiswa kwemoto enjalo kuhlala kuguquguquka, futhi akunangqondo ukukhuluma nganoma yimuphi umklamo othize noma umehluko. Onjiniyela abavela kubakhiqizi abahlukene babheka ukushiyeka, ukunciphisa izindleko zezingxenye ezibizayo, bandise impilo yesevisi futhi bandise amakhono. Uma sikhuluma ngokufana nokunye ukumiswa okwaziwayo, khona-ke isistimu yokuguquguquka ifaneleka kakhulu imiklamo yezixhumanisi eziningi noma ezimbili.

Iziphi izimoto ezifakelwe i-adaptive suspension

Ukuthola imoto ene-adaptive suspension kulula kakhulu namuhla kunaseminyakeni engu-10 edlule. Singasho ukuthi izimoto eziningi ze-premium noma ama-SUV afakwe ngendlela efanayo. Yiqiniso, lokhu kuhlanganisa izindleko zemoto, kodwa futhi i-plus for induduzo nokusingatha. Phakathi kwamamodeli athandwa kakhulu:

• Toyota Land Cruiser Prado
• I-Audi K7;
• BMVH5;
• I-Mercedes-Benz GL-Class;
• Volkswagen Tuareg;
• Vauxhall Movano;
• BMW 3 uchungechunge;
• I-Lexus GX460;
• IVolkswagen Caravelle.

Ngokwemvelo, lolu luhlu oluncane lwezimoto ezingatholakala emgwaqweni kunoma yiliphi idolobha. Ngenxa yezimfanelo zayo ezinhle kakhulu zokunethezeka nekhono lokuzivumelanisa nomgwaqo, isisekelo esivumelanayo siya ngokuya sithandwa.

Uhlelo lwedivayisi yokumiswa okuguquguqukayo kwemoto

 

1. Inzwa ye-axle yangaphambili;
2. Inzwa yezinga lomzimba (ngaphambili kwesokunxele);
3. Inzwa yokusheshisa umzimba (ngaphambili kwesokunxele);
4. Umamukeli 2;
5. Inzwa yezinga, ingemuva;
6. I-absorber ye-axle yangemuva;
7. Inzwa yokusheshisa umzimba, ngemuva;
8. Umamukeli 1;
9. Iyunithi yokulawula yokumiswa okuguquguqukayo;
10. Inkinobho yokulawula ukusula esiqwini semoto;
11. Iyunithi yokuhlinzeka komoya ene-valve block;
12. Inzwa yokusheshisa umzimba, ngaphambili kwesokudla;
13. Inzwa yeleveli yesokudla.

Izinketho eziyinhloko zokuhlukaniswa kanye nentengo yezingxenye zokumiswa

Njenganoma iyiphi indlela, ukumiswa okunjalo kwehluleka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ikakhulukazi uma kubhekwa izimo eziqaphile zokusebenza kwakho. Kunzima kakhulu ukubikezela ukuthi yini ngempela ezohluleka kumshini onjalo, ngokusho kwemithombo ehlukahlukene, ama-racks, zonke izinhlobo zezinto zokuxhuma (ama-hoses, izixhumi nama-rubber bushings), kanye nezinzwa ezibhekene nokuqoqa ulwazi, ziguga ngokushesha.

Ukwehluleka kwesici sesisekelo sokuguquguquka somshini kungaba amaphutha enzwa ahlukahlukene. Ekhabetheni uzizwa ungakhululekile, uyaduma, ngisho nawo wonke amaqhuqhuva ebusweni bomgwaqo. Okunye ukungasebenzi kahle kwesici kungase kube imvume ephansi yemoto, engalawulwa. Ezimweni eziningi, lokhu ukwehluleka kwamafreyimu, amasilinda noma iziqukathi zokucindezela eziguquguqukayo. Imoto iyomane ibukelwa phansi, futhi ngeke kukhulunywe nhlobo ngokunethezeka nokuphatha.

Ngokuya ngokuwohloka kokumiswa okuguquguqukayo kwemoto, intengo yezingxenye ezisele ukuze ilungiswe nayo izohluka. Ububi obukhulu ukuthi ukulungiswa kwendlela enjalo kuyaphuthuma, futhi uma kutholakala ukungasebenzi kahle, kufanele kulungiswe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Ezinguqulweni zakudala nezivamile, ukwehluleka kwezithasiselo zokushaqeka noma ezinye izingxenye kukuvumela ukuthi ushayele isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokulungiswa. Ukuze uqonde ukuthi ukulungiswa kuzobiza malini, cabangela izintengo zezingxenye eziyinhloko ze-Audi Q7 ka-2012.

Izindleko zezingxenye zokumiswa eziguqukayo ze-Audi Q7 2012
Имя	Inani kusuka, hlikihla.
Ama-absorber othusayo angaphambili	16990
Ama-absorbers angemuva	17000
inzwa yobude bokugibela	8029
I-valve ye-Rack pressure	I-1888 g

Amanani awawona aphansi, nakuba ezinye izingxenye kuthiwa zingalungiseka. Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokuthi uphelelwe ukuthenga ingxenye entsha futhi uma ufuna ukonga imali, bheka ku-inthanethi uma ungayibuyisela "kusimo sokulwa". Ngokwezibalo futhi kucatshangelwa indawo yomgwaqo, izinzwa zokushaqeka nezinzwa zivame ukwehluleka. Ama-absorber ashaqisayo ngenxa yazo zonke izinhlobo zomonakalo kanye nemithelela, izinzwa kaningi ngenxa yezimo zokusebenza odakeni kanye nama-jerks avamile, emgwaqeni omubi.

Ngokusho kwesisekelo sesimanje semoto, singasho ukuthi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, lokhu kuyisinqumo esihle sokunethezeka nokushayela. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, injabulo ebiza kakhulu edinga ukunakekelwa nokulungiswa okufika ngesikhathi. Isisekelo esinjalo singatholakala kaningi ezimotweni ezibizayo nezinkulu, lapho induduzo ibaluleke kakhulu. Ngokusho kwabashayeli abaningi, lo mshini ulungele ukuhamba ngaphandle komgwaqo, amabanga amade noma lapho ukuthula ngaphakathi kwemoto yakho kuyadingeka kakhulu.

Ukubuyekezwa kwevidiyo komgomo wokusebenza kokumiswa kokuguquguqukayo: