ABS, ESP, TDI, DSG nabanye - zisho ukuthini izifinyezo zemoto

Thola ukuthi yini engemuva kwezifinyezo zezimoto ezidumile ezifana ne-ABS, ESP, TDI, DSG kanye ne-ASR.

Umshayeli ojwayelekile angase abe nesiyezi ngenxa yama-akhronimi asetshenziselwa ukubhekisela kumasistimu ahlukahlukene ezimotweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimoto zanamuhla zigcwele izinhlelo zikagesi, amagama azo ngokuvamile awathuthukisiwe ohlwini lwamanani. Kuyafaneleka futhi ukwazi ukuthi imoto esetshenzisiwe empeleni ifakwe yini noma ukuthi isifinyezo senjini sisho ukuthini.

Bheka futhi: I-ESP, i-cruise control, izinzwa zokupaka - yiziphi izinto ezisetshenziswa emotweni?

Ngezansi sinikeza izincazelo ezifanele zezifinyezo nemigomo ebaluleke kakhulu neyaziwayo.

4 - MATIK - unomphela onamasondo amane ezimotweni zakwaMercedes. Itholakala kuphela ezimotweni ezine automatic transmission.

4 - UKUHAMBA - amasondo amane. AbakwaVolkswagen bayayisebenzisa.

4WD - Ukushayela ngamasondo amane.

I-8V, 16V - inombolo nokuhlelwa kwamavalvu enjini. Iyunithi ye-8V inama-valve amabili isilinda, i.e. injini eyi-four-cylinder inama-valve ayisishiyagalombili. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ku-16V, kunama-valve amane isilinda ngasinye, ngakho-ke kukhona ama-valve angu-16 enjinini engamasilinda amane.

A / C. - I-air conditioner.

ISIMEMO - isistimu ye-elekthronikhi yokugcina isivinini semoto esingashintshi.

I-AB (i-airbag) - isikhwama somoya. Ezimotweni ezintsha, sithola okungenani ama-airbag amabili angaphambili: eyomshayeli neyomgibeli. Izimoto ezindala zingaba nazo noma zingabi nazo. Ziyingxenye yezinhlelo zokuphepha ezingenzi lutho futhi zenzelwe ukumunca umthelela wezingxenye zesikhali (ikakhulukazi ikhanda) emininingwaneni yemoto engozini. Inani lezimoto nezinhlobo zemishini liyakhula, okuhlanganisa ama-airbag aseceleni, amakhethini ama-airbag noma i-airbag edolweni - evikela amadolo omshayeli.   

ABC

– ukulungiswa kokumiswa okusebenzayo. Inhloso yawo ukulawula ngokuqhubekayo ukugeleza komzimba. Isebenza kahle uma ushayela ngesivinini emakhoneni noma uma ubhuleka kakhulu uma imoto ijwayele ukutshuza. 

ABD - Ilokhi ehlukile ezenzakalelayo.  

ABS - Anti-lock braking uhlelo. Iyingxenye yesistimu yokubhuleka. Lokhu kuvumela, isibonelo, ukulawula okukhulu kwemoto/ukuphatha kwayo ngemva kokucindezela i-pedal yamabhuleki.

ACC - Ukulawula okusebenzayo kwejubane nebanga lemoto engaphambili. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi ulungise isivinini esifanele ukuze ugcine ibanga eliphephile. Uma kunesidingo, uhlelo lungabhuleka imoto. Elinye igama lale chip i-ICC.

AFS - isistimu yokukhanya yangaphambili eguquguqukayo. Ilawula i-beam ecwilisiwe, ilungisa i-beam yayo ngokuvumelana nezimo zomgwaqo.

AFL - Isistimu yokukhanyisa ekhoneni ngokusebenzisa izibani zangaphambili.  

ALR - ukukhiya okuzenzakalelayo kwe-tensioner yebhande lesihlalo.

ASR - uhlelo lokulawula ukuhamba. Unomthwalo wemfanelo wokuvimbela ukushelela kwesondo ngesikhathi sokusheshisa, i.e. ukuphotha. Uma nje kubonwa ukushelela kwesondo, isivinini salo siyehla. Ngokuzijwayeza, isibonelo, lapho imoto igcwele isihlabathi, ngezinye izikhathi uhlelo kufanele luvaliwe ukuze amasondo akwazi ukujikeleza. Amanye amagama ale chip yi-DCS noma i-TCS. 

AT - Ukudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo.

Bheka futhi: Ukusebenza kwe-Gearbox - ukugwema kanjani ukulungisa okumba eqolo

BAS

– electronic brake booster. Isebenza nge-ABS. Ikhuphula ukusebenza kahle kwesistimu yokubhuleka phakathi ne-hard braking ephuthumayo. Isibonelo, i-Ford inegama elihlukile - i-EVA, ne-Skoda - MVA.

CDI – Injini kadizili yakwaMercedes enomjovo oqondile wesitimela ojwayelekile.   

I-CDTI - Injini ye-diesel enomjovo oqondile wamafutha. Isetshenziswa ezimotweni ze-Opel.

I-CR/isitimela esivamile - uhlobo lomjovo kaphethiloli ezinjinini zedizili. Izinzuzo zalesi sixazululo zihlanganisa ukusebenza kwenjini okushelelayo, ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli okungcono, umsindo omncane kanye nobuthi obuncane kumagesi aphumayo.

I-CRD - izinjini zikadizili ezinohlelo olujwayelekile lomjovo wesitimela. Isetshenziswa kumikhiqizo elandelayo: Jeep, Chrysler, Dodge.

I-CRDi

- izinjini zikadizili ezisetshenziswa ezimotweni zakwaKia nezaHyundai.

Bheka futhi: Isistimu yamabhuleki - nini ukushintsha amaphedi, amadiski kanye noketshezi - umhlahlandlela

D4 – Izinjini zikaphethiloli zeToyota four-cylinder ezinomjovo oqondile wamafutha.

D4D – IToyota four-cylinder diesel engine ngomjovo oqondile wamafutha.

D5 – Injini kadizili yakwaVolvo enomjovo wamafutha oqondile.

DCI - Izinjini zikadizili zakwaRenault ezinomjovo oqondile wamafutha.

BAKHALA – Izinjini zikadizili zeMitsubishi ezinomjovo oqondile wamafutha.

I-DPF noma i-FAP - isihlungi sezinhlayiya. Ifakwe kumasistimu e-exhaust ezinjini zesimanje zikadizili. Ihlanza amagesi e-exhaust ezinhlayiyeni ze-soot. Ukwethulwa kwezihlungi ze-DPF kuqede ukukhishwa kwentuthu emnyama, okuyinto ejwayelekile ezimotweni ezindala ezinezinjini zikadizili. Nokho, abashayeli abaningi bathola le nto iyinkinga enkulu ngokuyihlanza.

I-DOHC - i-camshaft ephindwe kabili ekhanda leyunithi yamandla. Omunye wabo unesibopho sokulawula ama-valve okungena, omunye ama-valve okukhipha umoya.

I-DSG – ugearbox wethulwe ngabakwaVolkswagen. Lo gearbox unama-clutch amabili, eyohlobo lwegiya elilingana nele-odd. Kukhona imodi ye-othomathikhi kanye nemodi yamanuwali elandelanayo. U-gearbox lapha usebenza ngokushesha okukhulu - amashifu amagiya ayenzeka ngaleso sikhathi.  

I-DTI - Injini ye-diesel, eyaziwa ngezimoto zakwa-Opel.

I-EBD - I-Electronic brake force distribution (amasondo angaphambili, angemuva, kwesokudla nakwesokunxele).

I-EBS – electronic braking system.

I-EDS - electronic umehluko Ilokhi.

EFI - umjovo kaphethiloli we-elekthronikhi wezinjini zikaphethiloli.

ESP / ESC - ukuqiniswa kwe-elekthronikhi kwendlela yemoto (futhi kuvimbela ukushushuluza ohlangothini futhi kuvimbela ukulahlekelwa kokulawula). Uma izinzwa zithola ukushibilika kwemoto, isibonelo ngemva kokungena ekhoneni, isistimu ibhuleka amasondo (ililodwa noma ngaphezulu) ukuze imoto ibuyele endleleni. Kuye ngomkhiqizi wemoto, amagama ahlukene alolu hlelo asetshenziswa: VSA, VDK, DSC, DSA.

Bheka futhi: i-defroster noma i-ice scraper? Izindlela zokuhlanza amafasitela eqhweni

I-FSI - ukuqokwa kwezinjini zikaphethiloli ngomjovo oqondile wamafutha. Zakhiwe ngabakwaVolkswagen.  

I-FWD - Zimakwa kanjena izimoto ezinamasondo angaphambili.

GDI – Injini kaphethiloli yeMitsubishi enomjovo oqondile wamafutha. Inamandla engeziwe, ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli okuncane kanye nokukhishwa okuncane kwezinto eziyingozi emkhathini uma kuqhathaniswa nenjini evamile.

GT okungukuthi uGran Turismo. Izinhlobo ezinjalo zezemidlalo, eziqinile zezimoto zokukhiqiza ziyachazwa.

HBA - umsizi we-hydraulic brake for emergency braking.   

I-HDC - uhlelo lokulawula ukwehla kwamagquma. Ikhawulela isivinini esimisiwe.

I-HDI

– high-pressure power supply system of the diesel with direct fuel injection. Amayunithi eDrayivu nawo abizwa ngokuthi yilawa. Ukuqokwa kusetshenziswa abakwaPeugeot noCitroen.

umnikazi wegquma - lelo igama lomsizi wokuqala wamagquma. Sesingamisa imoto entabeni ingagingqiki. Asikho isidingo sokusebenzisa ibhuleki lesandla. Lapho sihamba, isistimu iyayeka ukusebenza.  

I-HPI – High pressure uphethiloli umjovo ngqo kanye ukuhlonza izinjini uphethiloli lapho isetshenziswa. Isixazululo sisetshenziswa ngabakwaPeugeot kanye neCitroen. 

Bheka futhi: I-Turbo emotweni - amandla amaningi, kodwa inkathazo eyengeziwe. Umhlahlandlela

I-IDE - Izinjini zikaphethiloli zakwaRenault ezinomjovo oqondile wamafutha.

isofix - Uhlelo lokunamathisela izihlalo zezingane ezihlalweni zemoto.

I-JTD - Izinjini zikadizili ze-Fiat, nazo zitholakala eLancia nase-Alfa Romeo. Banomjovo ojwayelekile wamafutha kaloliwe.

I-JTS - Lezi izinjini zikaphethiloli ze-Fiat ezinomjovo oqondile wamafutha.

KM - amandla ku-horsepower: isibonelo, i-105 hp

km / h – isivinini ngamakhilomitha ngehora: isibonelo, 120 km/h.

LED

- I-diode yokukhanya ekhanyayo. Ama-LED aphila isikhathi eside kakhulu kunokukhanyisa kwezimoto kwendabuko. Zivame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu kuma-taillights namamojula asebenza emini.

I-LSD - umehluko wokuzikhiya.

I-MPI – Izinjini ngomjovo wamaphuzu amaningi.

I-MSR - uhlelo lwe-anti-skid oluhambisana ne-ASR. Ivimbela amasondo ukuthi angajikijeli uma umshayeli ebhuleka ngenjini. 

MT - Ukudluliselwa ngesandla.

I-MZR - Umndeni wenjini kaphethiloli wakwaMazda.

I-MZR-CD - Injini ye-Mazda evamile yomjovo wesitimela esetshenziswa kumamodeli amanje.

I-RWD Lezi izimoto ezidonsa ngamasondo angemuva.

I-SAHR - Ukuvimbela ikhanda okusebenzayo kwe-Saab. Uma kwenzeka kuba nomthelela ongemuva, lokhu kunciphisa ingozi yokulimala kwe-whiplash.

I-SBC - Uhlelo lokulawula amabhuleki nge-elekthronikhi. Isetshenziswa eMercedes. Ihlanganisa ezinye izinhlelo ezithinta ukubhuleka kwemoto, njengeBAS, EBD noma ABS, ESP (ingxenye).

SDI - Injini ye-diesel efunwa ngokwemvelo ngomjovo wamafutha oqondile. Lawa mayunithi ajwayelekile ezimotweni zakwaVolkswagen.

I-SOHC - ngale ndlela izinjini ezine-camshaft eyodwa ephezulu zimakwa ngayo.

I-SRS - isistimu yokuphepha engenzi lutho, kufaka phakathi ama-pretensioners ebhande lesihlalo anama-airbag.

Krd4/Kd5 - Udizili wakwaLand Rover.

I-TDKI - Izinjini zikadizili zakwaFord ezinomjovo oqondile wesitimela ojwayelekile. 

I-TDDI - Ford turbocharged diesel nge intercooler.

I-TDI - i-turbodiesel enomjovo oqondile wamafutha. Lesi sihloko sisetshenziswa ezimotweni zeVolkswagen.

TDS inguqulo enamandla kakhulu ye-TD diesel injini esetshenziswa abakwaBMW. Ukumaka i-TD noma u-D wangaphambilini kwasetshenziswa kulo lonke uquqaba lwezimoto, kungakhathalekile ukuthi yimuphi umkhiqizi. Injini ye-TDS nayo yafakwa, isibonelo, ku-Opel Omega. Imibono yabasebenzisi abaningi ithi i-Opel ibe nokuqhekeka okuningi futhi yadala inkinga enkulu. 

Bheka futhi: Ukushuna kwenjini - kuseshwa amandla - umhlahlandlela

I-TSI - Lesi sihloko sibhekisela ezinjini zikaphethiloli ezinokushaja okubili. Lesi yisixazululo esakhiwe ngabakwaVolkswagen esinyusa amandla esitimela ngaphandle kokudala ukwanda kokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli uma kuqhathaniswa nenjini evamile.

I-TFSI - lezi zinjini nazo ziyizinjini zikaphethiloli ezishiswe kakhulu - ezifakwe ezimotweni ze-Audi - zihlukaniswa ngamandla amakhulu kanye nokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli okuphansi.

TiD - i-turbodiesel, ihlangene eSabah.

I-TTD - iyunithi yokushaja okubili esetshenziswa e-Saab.

V6 - Injini emise okwe-V enamasilinda angu-6.

V8 - Iyunithi emise okwe-V enamasilinda ayisishiyagalombili.

I-VTEC

- Ukulawulwa kwe-valve ye-elekthronikhi, isistimu yesikhathi se-valve eguquguqukayo. Isetshenziswa kwaHonda.

I-VTG - I-turbocharger ene-geometry ye-turbine eguquguqukayo. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze kuqedwe lokho okubizwa ngokuthi i-turbo lag.

I-VVT-I - uhlelo lokushintsha isikhathi se-valve. Kutholwe kwaToyota.

I-Zetec - Izinjini ze-Ford ezine-cylinder kaphethiloli ezinama-valve amane isilinda. Ikhanda linama-camshaft amabili.

Umbono - u-Radosław Jaskulski, ofundisa ukushayela ngokuphepha e-Auto Skoda School:

Ngempela, ubuchwepheshe bezimoto buthuthuka ngokushesha kangangokuthi manje sesithola ubuchwepheshe obusha nobuthuthuke kakhulu ezimotweni kunezinyanga eziyisithupha noma unyaka odlule. Uma kukhulunywa ngezinhlelo zokuphepha ezisebenzayo, ezinye zazo zifanelwe ukunakwa okukhethekile futhi kufanelekile ukubheka ukuthi zikhona yini lapho uthenga imoto entsha noma esetshenzisiwe. Ngoba bayasiza ngempela.

Empeleni, i-ABS. Imoto engena ABS ifana nokushayela inqola. Ngivame ukubona abantu abafuna ukuthenga imoto endala, esetshenzisiwe, bathi, "Kungani ngidinga i-ABS?" Kune-air conditioning, kwanele. Impendulo yami imfishane. Uma ubeka induduzo phezu kokuphepha, khona-ke lokhu kuyisinqumo esingavamile, esingenangqondo. Ngithanda ukugcizelela ukuthi kuhle ukwazi ukuthi iyini i-ABS emotweni. Izizukulwane ezindala zalesi simiso zazisebenza kahle, zisebenza, kodwa zilawula ama-asi emoto. Ekwehleni, lapho imoto isishibilika, ingemuva ingaqala ukubaleka kakhulu. Ezizukulwaneni ezintsha, kwavela uhlelo lokusabalalisa amandla amabhuleki emasondweni ngamanye. Isixazululo esiphelele.

I-auxiliary braking iyingxenye ebalulekile yesistimu yokubhuleka. Nokho, kuhle ukuhlola endaweni ephephile ukuthi isebenza kanjani kumodeli ethile. Kuzo zonke, ivuleka ngokushesha uma ucindezela ibhuleki ngokuqinile, kodwa imisebenzi efana nama-alamu awahlali evuliwe ngesikhathi esisodwa. Kufanele futhi kukhunjulwe ukuthi uma, ngaphambi kokuba imoto ime ngokuphelele, umshayeli ususa unyawo lwakhe emagesini ngisho nomzuzwana, ngoba, isibonelo, usongo ludlulile, uhlelo luzocisha.

Siza ku-ESP. Lokhu empeleni imayini yezinhlelo ngoba inenani elikhulu lemisebenzi. Noma ngilandela izindaba futhi ngizama ukuhlala nginolwazi lwakamuva, angizikhumbuli zonke. Noma iyiphi indlela, i-ESP iyisixazululo esihle. Igcina imoto izinzile kuthrekhi, iyavula - ngisho nalapho ingemuva iqala ukudlula ingaphambili lemoto - khona manjalo. Izinhlelo zamanje ze-ESP zivimbela wonke amasondo ekuncipheni ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka esimweni esibucayi somgwaqo. I-ESP inenzuzo eyodwa enamandla ngaphezu kwanoma yimuphi umshayeli: isabela njalo ngendlela efanayo futhi kusukela engxenyeni yokuqala yomzuzwana, futhi hhayi kusukela kumzuzwana owodwa lapho isikhathi sokuphendula sesiphelile.

Umbhalo nesithombe: Piotr Walchak