Imibono eyiphutha eyi-7 ngezimoto ze-turbo

Kungani injini idinga i-turbine? Eyunithi yokushisa evamile, amasilinda agcwaliswa ngengxube yomoya nophethiloli ngenxa yesikhala esenziwe ukunyakaza okuphansi kwepiston. Kulokhu, ukugcwaliswa kwesilinda akukaze kweqe ngama-95% ngenxa yokumelana. Kodwa-ke, ungayikhulisa kanjani ukuze ingxube ifakwa kumasilinda ukuze ithole amandla amaningi? Umoya ocindezelweyo kumele wethulwe. Lokhu yikho kanye okwenziwa yi-turbocharger.

Kodwa-ke, izinjini ezi-turbocharged ziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kunezinjini ezihlosiwe ngokwemvelo, futhi lokhu kungabaza ukuthembeka kwazo. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, kube nokulingana phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo ezimbili zezinjini, hhayi ngoba izinjini ezine-turbo seziqinile, kepha ngenxa yokuthi lezo ezihlosiwe ngokwemvelo sezihola kancane kakhulu kunakuqala. Kodwa-ke, iningi labantu lisakholelwa kwezinye izinganekwane ngezinjini ezine-turbocharged ezingezona neze iqiniso noma ezingekho neze.

Imibono eyiphutha eyi-7 ngezimoto ze-turbo:

Ungayicishi injini ye-turbo ngokushesha: OLUNYE IQINISO

Akekho umkhiqizi ovimbela ukumisa injini ngokushesha ngemuva kokuphela kohambo, noma ngabe ithwaliswe kanzima. Kodwa-ke, uma ubushayela ngejubane elikhulu emgwaqeni omkhulu noma ukhwela umgwaqo wasentabeni onamajika amaningi, kuhle ukuvumela injini igijime kancane. Lokhu kuzovumela i-compressor ukuthi yehle phansi, ngaphandle kwalokho kunengozi yokuthi u-oyela angene kwizimpawu zamasheya.

Uma ngabe ushayela kancane isikhathi esithile ngaphambi kokupaka, asikho isidingo sokupholisa okwengeziwe kwe-compressor.

Amamodeli we-Hybrid hhayi i-turbo: WRONG

Zilula futhi, ngokufanele, izimoto ezingabizi kakhulu ze-hybrid zivame ukufakelwa izinjini zomlilo zangaphakathi zomlilo ezisebenza ngokonga ngangokunokwenzeka ngokomjikelezo we-Atkinson. Kodwa-ke, lezi zinjini azinamandla amancane, ngakho-ke abanye abakhiqizi bathembela kuma-turbocharger anikezwa amandla kagesi.

Isibonelo, iMercedes-Benz E300de (W213) isebenzisa i-turbodiesel, kanti iBMW 530e isebenzisa injini engu-2,0-litre 520i turbocharged petrol.

Ama-Turbos awazweli ekushiseni komoya: AKULUNGILE

Cishe zonke izinjini zesimanje ezine-turbocharged zinama-intercoolers acindezelwe noma ama-intercoolers. Umoya ku-compressor uyashisa, ubukhulu bokugeleza buba phansi futhi, ngokufanele, ukugcwaliswa kwamasilinda kuya ngokuya. Ngakho-ke, i-coolant ibekwe endleleni yokugeleza komoya, okunciphisa izinga lokushisa.

Kodwa-ke, uma kushisa, umphumela ungaphansi kunesimo sezulu esibandayo. Akumangalisi ukuthi abagijimi basemgwaqweni bavame ukubeka iqhwa elomile emapuletini e-intercooler. Ngendlela, esimweni sezulu esibandayo nesimanzi, izinjini zasemkhathini "zidonsa" kangcono, ngoba ubukhulu benhlanganisela buphakeme futhi, ngokufanele, ukuqhuma kwamasilinda kwenzeka kamuva.

I-Turbocharger iqala kuphela nge-rpm ephezulu: WRONG

I-turbocharger iqala ukusebenza ngejubane elincane lenjini futhi inyuke ngokusebenza njengoba ijubane landa. Ngenxa yobukhulu obuncane nokuklanywa okuncane kwe-rotor, i-inertia ye-turbocharger ayibalulekile kangako futhi ijikeleza ngokushesha ngejubane elidingekayo.

Ama-turbines esimanje alawulwa ngogesi ukuze icompressor ihlale isebenza ngokusebenza kahle. Yingakho injini ikwazi ukuletha i-torque ephezulu kakhulu ngisho nasezivinini eziphansi.

Izinjini ze-Tube azikulungelanga konke ukuthunyelwa: OKUNYE KWEQINISO

Abakhiqizi abaningi bathi amabhokisi abo kagesi e-CVT anokwethenjelwa kakhulu, kepha bayaxwaya ukuwaxhuma kunjini edonsa ngodizili ephezulu. Kodwa-ke, impilo yebhande elixhuma injini nokudluliswa inqunyelwe.

Ngezinjini zikaphethiloli, lesi simo siyindida. Esikhathini esiningi, izinkampani zaseJapan zithembele enhlanganisweni yenjini kaphethiloli efiseleka ngokwemvelo, lapho i-torque iphakama khona ku-4000-4500 rpm, kanye ne-variator. Ngokusobala, ibhande ngeke liphathe lolo hlobo lwe-torque ngisho naku-1500 rpm.

Bonke abakhiqizi banikela ngamamodeli asifiso ngokwemvelo: WRONG

Abakhiqizi abaningi baseYurophu (njengeVolvo, i-Audi, iMercedes-Benz neBMW) abasazikhiqizi izimoto ezihlosiwe ngokwemvelo, ngisho nasezigabeni eziphansi. Iqiniso ngukuthi injini ye-turbo inikeza amandla amakhulu ngokwengeziwe ngokufuduka okuncane. Isibonelo, injini esithombeni, ukuthuthukiswa okuhlangene kweRenault neMercedes-Benz, ithuthukisa amandla afinyelela ku-160 hp. ngevolumu engu-1,33 litres.

Nokho, wazi kanjani ukuthi imodeli ine (noma ingenayo) injini ye-turbo? Uma inani lamalitha ekuthuthweni, liphindaphindwe ngo-100, likhulu kakhulu kunenani lamandla amahhashi, khona-ke injini ayinayo i-turbocharged. Ngokwesibonelo, uma injini 2,0-litre has 150 hp. - kungumkhathi.

Isisetshenziswa senjini ye-turbo siyefana naleso sasemkhathini: OKUTHILE KWIQINISO

Njengoba sekushiwo kakade, lezi zinhlobo ezimbili zezinjini ziyalingana kulokhu, ngoba lokhu kungenxa yokunciphisa impilo yenjini efisa ngokwemvelo, hhayi ukwanda kwempilo ye-turbocharger. Iqiniso liwukuthi ambalwa kakhulu amayunithi esimanje angahamba kalula afinyelele ku-200 km. Izizathu zalokhu ziyizidingo zomnotho wephethiloli nokusebenza kwemvelo, ukwakhiwa okungasindi, kanye neqiniso lokuthi abakhiqizi bamane bonge ezintweni.

Izinkampani uqobo azinawo amandla okwenza izinjini "ezingapheli". Abanikazi abaziyo ukuthi imoto yabo inobude obulinganiselwe bempilo, ngakho-ke, abanaki kakhulu injini, futhi ngemuva kokuphelelwa yisikhathi kwewaranti, imoto ivamise ukushintsha izandla. Futhi lapho akusacaci kahle ukuthi kwenzakalani kuye.