7 (+1) amabhuloho amangalisayo naqanjwa kabusha emhlabeni

Sethula imisebenzi emikhulu yobuciko bobunjiniyela - amabhuloho, angamaparele esikali somhlaba. Lena imisebenzi yohlobo olulodwa eklanywe abadwebi bezakhiwo nonjiniyela abadumile emhlabeni wonke besebenzisa zonke izixazululo zesimanje. Nasi isibuyekezo sethu.

I-Viaduct Bang Na Expressway (Bangkok, Thailand)

Lo mgwaqo omkhulu waseBangkok onemizila eyisithupha ungase ube mude kakhulu noma elinye lamabhuloho amade kunawo wonke emhlabeni. Nokho, ezinye izilinganiso zebhuloho azikunaki lokhu, njengoba ngobude balo abaningi aliweli amanzi, nakuba ligudla umfula kanye nemisele emincane eminingana. Kunoma ikuphi, le phrojekthi ngokuqinisekile ingathathwa njenge-overpass viaduct ende kakhulu.

Umgwaqo okhokhelwayo odlula ku-National Highway 34 (Na-Bang Bang Pakong Road) ku-viaduct (ibhuloho elinama-multi-span) ene-avareji ye-span yama-42 m. I-viaduct ingama-27 m ukuphakama futhi yakhiwa ngo-March 2000. ukwakha kuthathe ukhonkolo ongu-1 m800.

Amabhuloho eSolar Blackfriars (London) kanye neKurilpa Bridge (Brisbane)

IBlackfriars iyibhuloho elingaphezu koMfula iThames eLondon, elingamamitha angama-303 ubude namamitha angama-32 ububanzi (ngaphambili lalingamamitha angama-21). Ekuqaleni laklanywa ngesitayela sase-Italy, elakhiwe nge-limestone, laqanjwa ngokuthi i-William Pitt Bridge eliqanjwe ngoNdunankulu wangaleso sikhathi u-William Pitt futhi selikhokhisiwe kusukela lavulwa. Yaqedwa ngo-1869. Ukulungiswa okwenziwa eminyakeni yamuva nje bekuwukumboza lesi sakhiwo ngophahla olwenziwa ngama-solar panel. Ngenxa yalokho, enkabeni yedolobha kwakhiwa indawo kagesi enendawo engamamitha-skwele ayizinkulungwane ezingu-4,4. m. amaseli e-photovoltaic ahlinzeka ngamandla adingekayo ekusebenzeni kwengqalasizinda kaloliwe. Lesi sikhungo, esimbozwe ngamaphaneli elanga, sikhiqiza amandla angu-900 kWh, futhi isakhiwo saso sisetshenziselwa ukuthwebula nokuvuna amanzi emvula. Iyibhuloho elikhulu kunawo wonke ohlotsheni lwayo emhlabeni.

Kodwa-ke, okuhlaba umxhwele kakhulu kuleli klasi mhlawumbe i-Kurilpa Bridge ehlala ikhebula (elimisiwe) (isithombe esingenhla), sabahamba ngezinyawo nabahamba ngamabhayisikili, ngaphesheya komfula iBrisbane. Iqale ukusebenza ngo-2009 ngezindleko zamaRandi ayizigidi ezingama-63. Ingamamitha angu-470 ubude no-6,5 m ububanzi futhi iyingxenye yedolobha lokuhamba nokuhamba ngebhayisikili. Yakhiwe yihhovisi laseDenmark le-Arup Engineers. Yayikhanyiswa kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe be-LED. Amandla avela kumaphaneli elanga angama-54 afakwe ebhulohweni.

I-Alamillo Bridge (Seville, Spain)

Ibhuloho elimisiwe eSeville, eliwela uMfula iGuadalquivir, lakhelwe umbukiso we-EXPO 92. Bekufanele lixhumanise isiqhingi saseLa Cartuja nedolobha lapho kwakuhlelwe khona imibukiso. Kuyibhuloho lokumiswa kwe-cantilever elinephini elilodwa elilinganisa ububanzi obungamamitha angu-200, elinezintambo zensimbi eziyishumi nantathu ezinobude obuhlukahlukene. Yaklanywa unjiniyela odumile waseSpain kanye nomakhi wezakhiwo uSantiago Calatrava. Ukwakhiwa kwaleli bhuloho kwaqala ngo-1989 futhi kwaqedwa ngo-1992.

I-Helix Bridge (Singapore)

Ibhuloho labahamba ngezinyawo iHelix Bridge laqedwa ngo-2010. Inwebeka phezu kwamanzi e-Marina Bay yase-Singapore, okuyindawo ezenzakalelayo ethuthukayo eseningizimu yenkaba yeSingapore. Into iqukethe amakhoyili amabili ensimbi engagqwali ahlanganayo, alingisa i-DNA yomuntu. KuMkhosi Womhlaba Wezokwakha e-Barcelona, ​​​​ihlonishwe njengesikhungo sezokuthutha esihamba phambili emhlabeni.

Ibhuloho, elingamamitha angu-280 ubude, lenziwe ngokuphelele ngensimbi engagqwali, kodwa kusihlwa liyabenyezela ngezinkulungwane zemibala, ngoba sonke isakhiwo salo sifakwe ukukhanyisa kwe-LED, okungukuthi, amaribhoni alula azungeze ibhuloho labahamba ngezinyawo. Okunye okukhangayo kwebhuloho yizinkundla ezine zokubuka - ngendlela yamapulatifomu avezwe ngaphandle, lapho ungabuka khona i-panorama ye-Marina Bay, egcwele ama-skyscrapers.

I-Banpo Bridge (Seoul, South Korea)

I-Banpo yakhiwa ngo-1982 ngesisekelo selinye ibhuloho. Igudla uMfula iHan, ixhuma izifunda zaseSeoul's Seocho kanye neYongsan. Isici sesakhiwo iMoon Rainbow Fountain, okwenza isakhiwo esingamamitha angu-1140 ubude kube umthombo omude kunayo yonke emhlabeni. 9380 190 amajethi amanzi ohlangothini ngalunye lwesigxobo fafaza amathani angama-43 amanzi amuncwa emfuleni ngomzuzu. Lona uvutha ekuphakameni okungafika ku-10 m, futhi imifudlana ingathatha izimo ezihlukahlukene (isibonelo, amaqabunga awela phansi), okuthi, kuhlanganiswe nokukhanya kwama-LED ayizinkulungwane eziyi-XNUMX anemibala eminingi kanye nokuhambisana nomculo, kunikeze imiphumela emangalisayo.

Ibhuloho phezu komfula iSidu (China)

Ibhuloho lomfula iSidu yibhuloho elimisiwe eliseduze nedolobha laseYesanguan. Isakhiwo esingaphezu kwe-Xidu River Valley siyingxenye ye-G50 Shanghai-Chongqing Expressway, 1900 km ubude. Ibhuloho laklanywa futhi lakhiwa ngabakwaSecond Highway Consultants Company Limited. Izindleko zokwakha zazibalelwa ku-US$100 wezigidi. Ukuvulwa ngokusemthethweni kwesakhiwo kwenzeka ngoNovemba 15, 2009.

Ibhuloho elingaphezu komfula iSid lingesinye sezakhiwo ezinde kakhulu ngaphezu komhlabathi noma ngaphezu kwamanzi. Ibanga lendawo yebhuloho ukusuka phansi komhosha ngamamitha angama-496, ubude - 1222 m, ububanzi - 24,5 m. Isakhiwo siqukethe imibhoshongo emibili emise okwe-H (empumalanga - 118 m, entshonalanga - 122 m). ). Izintambo ezazilengiswe phakathi kwemibhoshongo zalukwa zisuka ezigabeni ezingu-127 zezintambo ezingu-127 ezinobubanzi obungu-5,1 mm ngayinye, izintambo ezingu-16 sezizonke. Inkundla yenqola iqukethe izinto ezingama-129. Ama-trusses angu-71 m ukuphakama no-6,5 m ububanzi.

USheikh Rashid bin Said Crossing (Dubai, United Arab Emirates)

Uma sesiqediwe, lesi sakhiwo sizoba ibhuloho elide kunawo wonke emhlabeni. Yaklanywa i-FXFOWLE Architects ezinze eNew York futhi yagunyazwa yi-Dubai Roads and Transport Authority. Lesi sakhiwo sinamabhuloho amabili anamakhothamo awela isiqhingi sokwenziwa esinenkundla yemidlalo yaseshashalazini, isikhumulo semikhumbi kanye neDubai Opera. Leli bhuloho kuhlelwe ukuthi libe nemizila yezimoto eyisithupha ohlangothini ngalunye (izimoto ezingu-20 23 ngehora), imizila emibili yolayini wesitimela iZelensky esakhiwayo (abagibeli abangu-667 64 ngehora) kanye nemizila yabahamba ngezinyawo. Ubude obuyinhloko balesi sakhiwo bunobude obungamamitha ayi-15 kanti ububanzi bebhuloho bungamamitha ayi-190. Ngokuthakazelisayo, ukushuba kokukhanya kwayo kuzoxhomeka ekukhazimuleni kwenyanga. Ukukhanya kwenyanga, ibhuloho ngokwalo lizokhanya.