Izinganekwane ezi-5 ezinkulu mayelana nokudluliswa kwezandla. Nakuba kwake kwaba amaqiniso

Ukwanda kokuduma kokushintshashintsha kwezinto ezizenzakalelayo kusho ukuthi abagqugquzeli bamanuwali "okulungile kuphela" basebenzisa izimpikiswano esezivele ziguqulelwe izinganekwane. Nazi ezi-5 zazo, okungenzeka ukuthi eminyakeni eyishumi nambili edlule zingabhekwa njengamaqiniso, kodwa namuhla ziseduze nezinganekwane.

Inganekwane 1. Ukulawula okwenziwa ngesandla kunikeza ukusebenza okungcono.

Lokhu kwakunjalo esikhathini esidlule lapho ukuthunyelwa okuzenzakalelayo kwakuqhutshwa isiguquli se-torque (i-transformer noma i-torque converter). Umgomo wokusebenza kwe-clutch enjalo ube nenzuzo enkulu yokudluliselwa okungaphazanyiswa kwe-torque kusuka enjini kuya ku-gearbox, okwandisa umkhiqizo. Kodwa-ke, i-drawback enkulu kunazo zonke yi-slip eyenzeka ku-converter enjalo, okuholela ekulahlekelweni okukhulu kwe-torque. Futhi lokhu kunciphisa ukusebenza. Ibhalansi phakathi kwabo ngokuvamile yayingathandeki - ukulahlekelwa kwakukhulu kangangokuthi indlela umshini osebenza ngayo ayizange ibanxephezele.

Nokho, empeleni, ngisho nemishini emidala ayizange ilulaze ukusebenza nakancane., kodwa ezimweni ezithile kuphela - lapho igiya elilungile lisebenza noma lapho uqala ukusheshisa ukusuka ekumeni. Kumshayeli ojwayelekile, ukusetshenziswa ngempumelelo kwebhukwana ngokuvamile kwakunzima kangangokuthi umphumela waba imoto "ephepheni" (efundwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezingcono) yanikeza izikhathi ezimbi kakhulu zokusheshisa, ngokuzijwayeza, kuvele ukuthi liyashesha ukwedlula umshayeli, owashintsha amagiya ngesandla.

Namuhla, kungaba nzima nakakhulu kumshayeli, ngisho nomshayeli omuhle kakhulu, ukuphatha umshini wokuhambisa ngesandla ngendlela yokuthi afinyelele okungenani izikhathi zokusheshisa ezifanayo njengama-othomathikhi. Lokhu kungenxa yezizathu ezimbili. Okokuqala, akusekho ukulahleka kwe-torquengoba emishinini engenamandla kakhulu, amabhokisi ngokuvamile anezikhiye ezimbili, futhi ngesikhathi esiqinile maningi kakhulu, ngakho-ke ngisho nokulahlekelwa akukho okubangela amahloni lapha.

Ngokusho kwabanye ama-automatics esimanje ashintsha amagiya ngokushesha ngendlela umshayeli angakwazi ngayo. Nakuma-dual clutch systems, izikhathi ze-clutch shift azifinyeleleki kumshayeli one-manual transmission. Futhi nakuba ephepheni amanye amamodeli anejubane elibi kakhulu ngesibhamu, empeleni kuzoba nzima ukufeza lokhu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izimoto eziningi, ikakhulukazi izimoto zezemidlalo, azikwenzi isilawuli sokuqalisa uhlelookuyi-othomathikhi enikeza isiqalo esingcono ngendlela engenakuqhathaniswa kunomshayeli onolwazi olunzulu angasithola ngokushintshashintsha ngesandla.

Inganekwane 2. Ngomakhenikha, imoto iyasha kancane

Lokhu bekulokhu kwenzeka esikhathini esidlule, futhi ngokuyisisekelo kubikela kulokho engikubhale ngenhla endimeni yokuqala. Likhona neqiniso lokuthi ama-automatic transmission afaka ingcindezi enkulu enjinini uma imile (ukuhlanganyela njalo) futhi ngokuvamile kwakunamagiya ambalwa.

Imishini yesimanje, ngisho ne-torque converter, ayinakho ukushiyeka kwamabhokisi esizukulwane sangaphambilini, futhi ngaphezu kwalokho, inokhiye ovimbela ukushelela ngesikhathi sokusheshisa. Cishe njalo banamagiya engeziwe, okwenza injini isebenze ngokugcwele ebangeni lejubane layo elingcono kakhulu. Kubuye kwenzeke njalo lokho Igiya lokugcina le-automatic transmission liphezulu kakhulu kunele-manual transmission. Njengokungathi lokho akwanele, ukuthunyelwa kwe-clutch okumbaxambili kunama-clutch avamile, amagiya amaningi, futhi izikhathi zokushintsha kunzima ngisho nokunquma (izingxenye ezincane zesekhondi). Ukuze uzuze amandla okuvutha afana nalokhu okushintshashintsha kwemoto eshintshwayo, kufanele usebenzise i-eco-driving enonya futhi unamathele kuyo ngaso sonke isikhathi. Noma mhlawumbe ayisebenzi.

Inganekwane 3. Ukuhanjiswa okwenziwa ngesandla kuphuka kancane futhi ishibhile

Futhi, singasho ukuthi ezimotweni eziningi kwakunjalo ngaphambili, lapho ukulungiswa okujwayelekile kwe-othomathikhi kubiza izinkulungwane zama-zloty, futhi i-gearbox ye-manual yayingakwazi, esimweni esibi kakhulu, ithathelwe indawo esetshenzisiwe ngamakhulu amaningana. Namuhla kungabonakala ngezindlela ezimbili.

Первый способ – через призму конструкции. Хотя автоматические коробки передач имеют меньший ресурс, чем раньше (обычно 200-300 км), механические коробки передач, изготовленные из энергосберегающих материалов, также менее долговечны. Они часто длятся короче, и, кроме того, zidinga ukushintshwa kwe-clutch kanye ne-dual-mass flywheel ngesikhathi sokusebenza. Izindleko zokushintshwa okunjalo kumamodeli amaningi, ikakhulukazi athandwa kakhulu, zifaniswa nokulungisa imoto.

Indlela yesibili ngokusebenzisa i-prism yokusesha ukonga. Hhayi-ke, njengokuhanjiswa okwenziwa ngesandla, imishini yokuthengisa nayo ingashintshwa esimweni esibi kakhulu kusetshenziswe esetshenzisiwe, ngoba ukuthandwa kwabo kuyakhula, ngakho-ke kunezingxenye eziningi futhi. Njengoba isikhathi siqhubeka, kuvela izimboni ezikhethekile nezihle kakhulu ezilungisa imishini yokuthengisa, ngakho amanani aya ngokuya ancintisana. Kodwa-ke, lapha futhi, umuntu angaphinda akhulume ngomhlangano we-clutch nge-flywheel ye-dual-mass ku-gearbox ye-manual, okungafanele ithathelwe indawo nasetshenzisiwe. Njengoba kunikezwe lokhu, izindleko zokulungisa nokugcinwa komshini kanye nokudluliswa kwezandla kuyafana.

Inganekwane 4. Ukuhanjiswa ngesandla akudingi ukulungiswa

Kubukeka sengathi izimoto zinakekelwa kakhulu kanti lolu wuhlobo lwemoto okumele ukwazi ukuyiphatha ukuze ungayicekeli phansi. Okwamanje ukuthunyelwa okuzenzakalelayo kwesimanje "kuthembekile" ngokuphelele, ikakhulukazi ngenduku yokudlala kagesi. Njengokungathi lokho akwanele, badinga ukushintsha uwoyela kuphela. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuhanjiswa okwenziwa ngesandla, ngaphezu kokufaka esikhundleni se-clutch kanye nesondo le-mass-mass, kudinga nokushintshwa kwamafutha, okukhunjulwa abashayeli abambalwa.

Uhlobo oluthile oluthile lokudlulisela okuzenzakalelayo ukudluliswa kwe-dual-clutch, okuyi... empeleni okubiza kakhulu ukukulungisa. Akudingi nje kuphela ukushintshwa kwamafutha, kodwa futhi - njengemishini - ngokuvamile idinga i-flywheel enkulu esikhundleni kanye nama-clutch amabili esikhundleni seyodwa.

Inganekwane 5. Ukuhanjiswa okwenziwa ngesandla kumelana kakhulu nemithwalo esindayo

Le ngxabano ibe yinganekwane iminyaka engu-20, futhi nakakhulu maqondana nezimoto zaseMelika. Ake ngikutshele amaqiniso ambalwa ngezimoto futhi uzoqonda ukuthi iyini inganekwane.

• Ama-SUV asinda kakhulu namaloli eveni anezinjini ezinamandla (ikakhulukazi zaseMelika), "amahhashi okusebenza" aklanyelwe ukudonsa ama-trailer asindayo, avame ukuba nokuhanjiswa okuzenzakalelayo.
• Ama-SUV anezinjini ezinamandla kakhulu anama-automatic transmissions kuphela.
• Izimoto ezinamandla kunazo zonke emhlabeni, ezikhiqizwa namuhla futhi kusukela ngo-2010, cishe njalo zinomshini ozenzakalelayo.
• Ama-Hypercars enziwe ngemuva kuka-2000 anokudluliselwa okuzenzakalelayo.
• Iningi lezimoto zesimanje zezemidlalo ezingaphezu kuka-500 hp. (imvamisa ngaphezulu kuka-400 hp) inokuhambisa okuzenzakalelayo.
• Ukuze usondele emininingwaneni: I-Audi RS 6 yokuqala ithole i-Tiptronic automatic transmission ngoba i-manual transmission ayizange itholakale iqine ngokwanele. I-BMW M5 (E60) yanikezwa nge-semi-automatic transmission, futhi isizukulwane esilandelayo kuphela nge-othomathikhi, ngenxa yokuntuleka kokudluliselwa kwe-manual ozinzile ngokwanele.