Iminyaka engama-40 yenkonzo yendiza enophephela emhlane iBlack Hawk
Ukusuka kwe-UH-60L nama-Howitzers angu-105mm aphansi ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca e-Fort Drum, eNew York ngoJulayi 18, 2012. US Army
Ngomhla zingama-31 kuMfumfu, 1978 izindiza ezinophephela emhlane ze-Sikorsky UH-60A Black Hawk zangena enkonzweni ne-US Army. Iminyaka engu-40, lezi zindiza ezinophephela emhlane zisetshenziswe njengesisekelo sokuthutha okuphakathi, ukukhishwa kwezokwelapha, ukusesha nokuhlenga kanye nesiteji esikhethekile embuthweni wezempi wase-US. Ngokuthuthukiswa okwengeziwe, i-Black Hawk kufanele ihlale isebenza kuze kube okungenani u-2050.
Njengamanje, emhlabeni jikelele kusetshenziswa cishe ama-4. Izindiza ezinophephela emhlane ze-H-60. Cishe angu-1200 kubo oKlebe Abamnyama enguqulweni yakamuva ye-H-60M. Umsebenzisi omkhulu we-Black Hawk yi-US Army, enamakhophi angaba ngu-2150 ekulungisweni okuhlukahlukene. EButhweni Lezempi Lase-US, izindiza ezinophephela emhlane zeBlack Hawk sezivele zandiza amahora angaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-10.
Ngasekupheleni kwawo-60, amasosha ase-US enza izidingo zokuqala zendiza enophephela emhlane entsha ezothatha indawo yendiza enophephela emhlane ye-UH-1 Iroquois. Uhlelo olubizwa nge-UTTAS (Utility Tactical Transport Aircraft System) lwaqalwa, okungukuthi. "Uhlelo lwezokuthutha komoya olunezinhloso eziningi". Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ibutho laqala uhlelo lokudala injini entsha ye-turboshaft, ngenxa yokuthi i-General Electric T700 yezitshalo ezintsha zamandla yaqaliswa. NgoJanuwari 1972, Amasosha afaka isicelo sethenda ye-UTTAS. Ukucaciswa, okuthuthukiswe ngesisekelo sokuhlangenwe nakho kweMpi YeVietnam, kucatshangwa ukuthi indiza enophephela emhlane entsha kufanele ithembeke kakhulu, imelane nomlilo wezikhali ezincane, kulula futhi kushibhile ukuyisebenzisa. Bekufanele ibe nezinjini ezimbili, ama-hydraulic amabili, amasistimu kagesi kanye nokulawula, uhlelo lukaphethiloli olukwazi ukumelana nomlilo wezikhali ezincane kanye nomthelela phansi ngesikhathi sokufika okuphuthumayo, ukudluliselwa okukwazi ukusebenza isigamu sehora ngemva kokuvuza kwamafutha, ikhabethe elikwazi ukumelana nokuhlaliswa kwesimo esiphuthumayo, izihlalo ezihlomile zabasebenzi nabagibeli, i-chassis enamasondo enezinto zokudonsa uwoyela kanye nama-rotor athule futhi aqinile.
Indiza enophephela emhlane yayizoba nabasebenzi abane kanye negumbi labagibeli lamasosha ayishumi nanye ahlome ngokuphelele. Izici zendiza enophephela emhlane entsha zazihlanganisa: isivinini esincane sokuhamba ngomkhumbi. 272 km/h, isivinini esincane sokukhuphuka esiqondile. 137 m/min, ithuba lokuzulazula endaweni ephakeme engu-1220 m ekushiseni komoya okungu-+ 35 ° C, futhi ubude bendiza enomthwalo ogcwele kwakuzoba amahora angu-2,3. Enye yezidingo eziyinhloko zohlelo lwe-UTTAS kwaba ikhono lokulayisha indiza enophephela emhlane endizeni yokuthutha i-C-141 Starlifter noma i-C-5 Galaxy ngaphandle kokuhlakazeka okuyinkimbinkimbi. Lokhu kunqume ubukhulu bendiza enophephela emhlane (ikakhulukazi ukuphakama) futhi kwaphoqelela ukusetshenziswa kwe-rotor eyinhloko egoqayo, umsila kanye negiya lokuhlala kanye nethuba lokucindezela (ukwehlisa).
Abafakizicelo ababili babambe iqhaza kuthenda: I-Sikorsky ene-prototype YUH-60A (imodeli S-70) kanye ne-Boeing-Vertol ene-YUH-61A (imodeli 179). Ngokwesicelo sebutho, zombili lezi zibonelo zasebenzisa izinjini ze-General Electric T700-GE-700 ezinamandla amakhulu angu-1622 hp. (1216 kW). USikorsky wakha ama-prototypes amane e-YUH-60A, eyokuqala eyandiza ngo-Okthoba 17, 1974. Ngo-March 1976, ama-YUH-60A amathathu alethwa ebuthweni, futhi uSikorsky wasebenzisa i-prototype yesine ezivivinyweni zakhe.
NgoDisemba 23, 1976, uSikorsky wamenyezelwa njengomnqobi wohlelo lwe-UTTAS, ethola inkontileka yokuqala ukukhiqizwa okuncane kwe-UH-60A. Indiza enophephela emhlane entsha yasheshe yaqanjwa kabusha ngokuthi iBlack Hawk. I-UH-60A yokuqala yanikezwa amasosha ngo-Okthoba 31, 1978. NgoJuni 1979, izindiza ezinophephela emhlane ze-UH-60A zasetshenziswa yi-101st Combat Aviation Brigade (BAB) ye-101st Airborne Division of the Airborne Forces.
Ekucushweni kwabagibeli (izihlalo ezi-3-4-4), i-UH-60A yayikwazi ukuthwala amasosha ayi-11 ahlome ngokuphelele. Ekuhlelweni kokukhishwa kwezindlu zangasese, ngemuva kokudilizwa kwezihlalo zabagibeli eziyisishiyagalombili, waphatha izinhlaka ezine. Ngokuhamba ngaphandle, wayekwazi ukuthwala impahla enesisindo esingama-3600 kg. I-UH-60A eyodwa yayikwazi ukuthwala i-Howitzer engu-102-mm M105 enesisindo esingu-1496 kg ku-hook yangaphandle, futhi ku-cockpit ithimba layo lonke labantu abane kanye nezinhlamvu ezingu-30 zezinhlamvu. Amafasitela aseceleni alungiselwe ukukhweza izibhamu ezimbili zomshini we-144-mm M-60D kuma-mounts we-M7,62 jikelele. I-M144 ingabuye ifakwe iM7,62D/H kanye neM240 Minigun 134mm izibhamu. Izibhamu ezimbili zomshini we-15-mm i-GAU-16 / A, i-GAU-18A noma i-GAU-12,7A ingafakwa phansi ekhabetheni lezokuthutha kumakholomu akhethekile, ahloswe ezinhlangothini futhi adubule nge-hatch yokulayisha evulekile.
I-UH-60A ifakwe imisakazo ye-VHF-FM, UHF-FM kanye ne-VHF-AM/FM kanye ne-Alien Identification System (IFF). Izindlela eziyinhloko zokuvikela zazihlanganisa i-universal thermal and anti-radar ejector ye-cartridge ye-M130 efakwe ezinhlangothini zombili ze-boom yomsila. Ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-80s nama-90s, izindiza ezinophephela emhlane zathola isistimu yesixwayiso ye-radar engu-AN / APR-39 (V) 1 kanye nesiteshi se-infrared jamming esisebenzayo se-AN / ALQ-144 (V).
Izindiza ezinophephela emhlane ze-UH-60A Black Hawk zakhiqizwa ngo-1978-1989. Ngaleso sikhathi, i-US Army yathola cishe ama-980 UH-60As. Okwamanje kunezindiza ezinophephela emhlane ezingaba ngu-380 kuphela kule nguqulo. Eminyakeni yamuva, zonke izinjini ze-UH-60A zithole izinjini ze-T700-GE-701D, ezifanayo ezifakwe kuma-helicopter e-UH-60M. Kodwa-ke, amagiya awazange ashintshwe futhi i-UH-60A ayizuzi emandleni angaphezu kwamandla akhiqizwa izinjini ezintsha. Ngo-2005, uhlelo lokuthuthukisa i-UH-60As esele iye ku-M standard layekwa futhi kwenziwa isinqumo sokuthola ama-UH-60M amasha.
