3rd Army of the Polish Army

Ukuqeqeshwa kwe-sniper.

Umlando weButho Lebutho LasePoland eMpumalanga uxhumene nomzila wokulwa we-1st Polish Army osuka eWarsaw udlula ePomeranian Val, Kolobrzeg uya eBerlin. Izimpi ezibuhlungu ze-2nd Polish Army eduze kwase-Bautzen zihlala zisethunzini. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isikhathi esifushane sokuba khona kwe-3rd Polish Army saziwa kuphela eqenjini elincane lososayensi nabashisekeli. Lesi sihloko sihlose ukutshela umlando wokwakhiwa kwaleli butho elikhohliwe futhi sikhumbule izimo ezimbi lapho amasosha asePoland abizwe yiziphathimandla zamakhomanisi kwadingeka asebenze.

Unyaka we-1944 walethela i-Wehrmacht ukunqotshwa okukhulu e-Eastern Front. Kwaba sobala ukuthi ukusebenza kwayo yonke indawo ye-Second Polish Republic yi-Red Army kwakuyindaba yesikhathi kuphela. Ngokuvumelana nezinqumo ezathathwa eNgqungqutheleni yaseTehran, iPoland yayizongena emkhakheni wethonya lamaSoviet. Lokhu kwasho ukulahlekelwa ubukhosi yi-Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). Uhulumeni ongokomthetho weRiphabhulikhi yasePoland ekudingisweni wawungenawo amandla ezombangazwe nezempi okuguqula isimo sezenzakalo.

Ngaso leso sikhathi, amaKhomanisi asePoland e-USSR, ahlangana eduze kuka-Eduard Osobka-Moravsky no-Wanda Wasilewska, aqala ukwakha i-Polish Committee of National Liberation (PKNO) - uhulumeni wopopayi okwakufanele athathe amandla ePoland futhi asebenzise izithakazelo zikaJozef Stalin. Kusukela ngo-1943, amaKhomanisi aye ahlala enza amayunithi ebutho lasePoland, kamuva elibizwa ngokuthi "Ibutho Labantu", okwathi, ukulwa ngaphansi kwegunya le-Red Army, kwadingeka ukuba kugunyazwe izicelo zabo zobuholi ePoland emehlweni omphakathi womhlaba. .

Ubuqhawe bamasosha asePoland alwa ne-Eastern Front abunakulinganiswa ngokweqile, kodwa kufanelekile ukukhumbula ukuthi kusukela maphakathi no-1944 impi yalahleka eJalimane, futhi ukuhlanganyela kwamaPoles emzabalazweni wezempi kwakungeyona into enqumayo. inkambo yawo. Ukudalwa nokwanda kweButho LasePoland eMpumalanga kwakubaluleke kakhulu kwezombangazwe. Ngaphezu kokugunyazwa okukhulunywe ngakho ngenhla enkundleni yamazwe ngamazwe, ibutho laqinisa udumo lukahulumeni omusha emehlweni omphakathi futhi laliyithuluzi eliwusizo lokuphoqelela izinhlangano ezizimele kanye nabantu abavamile ababenesibindi sokuphikisa iSovietization yasePoland.

Ukwanda okusheshayo kweButho Lebutho LasePoland, okwenzeka kusukela maphakathi no-1944 ngaphansi kweziqubulo zokulwa neJalimane lobuNazi, nakho kwakuyindlela yokulawula amadoda ashisekela izwe asebudaleni bezempi ukuze angadli abangaphansi komhlaba abahlomile ukuze bazimele. Ngakho-ke, kunzima ukubona ibutho lasePoland "labantu" njengensika yamandla amakhomanisi ePoland engeyona enegunya.

I-Red Army ingena e-Rzeszow - amathangi aseSoviet IS-2 emigwaqweni yedolobha; Agasti 2, 1944

Ukwandiswa kwebutho lasePoland engxenyeni yesibili ka-1944

Ukungena kwe-Red Army emaphethelweni asempumalanga ye-Second Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth kwenza kwaba nokwenzeka ukuhlanganisa amaPoles ahlala kulawa mazwe abe yizigaba zawo. NgoJulayi 1944, amasosha asePoland e-USSR ayenamasosha angu-113, kanti i-592st Polish Army yayilwa ngasempumalanga.

Ngemva kokuwela umugqa we-Bug, i-PKVN yakhipha i-manifesto yezombusazwe emphakathini wasePoland, eyamenyezelwa ngoJulayi 22, 1944. Indawo yesimemezelo kwakunguChelm. Eqinisweni, lo mbhalo wasayinwa futhi wagunyazwa uStalin eMoscow ezinsukwini ezimbili ngaphambili. I-manifesto ivele ngendlela yesimemezelo kanye nezinqumo zokuqala ze-Polish National Liberation Committee njengesiphathimandla sesikhashana. Uhulumeni wasePoland-ekudingisweni kanye nengalo yakhe ehlomile ePoland, i-Home Army (AK), igxeke lesi sitatimende sokuzimemezela, kodwa, ngenxa yokuphakama kwezempi ye-Red Army, yehlulekile ukuletha ukuketulwa kwe-PKKN.

Ukuvezwa kwezepolitiki kwe-PKWN kwavusa ukwanda kweButho LasePoland. NgoJulayi 1944, ibutho lasePoland e-USSR lahlanganiswa ne-People's Army - ibutho lamaKhomanisi elihlangene ePoland, kanye ne-High Command of the Polish Army (NDVP) ne-brig. UMichal Rola-Zymerski ophethe izintambo. Omunye wemisebenzi eyabekwa umkhuzi omkhulu omusha kwakuwukunwetshwa kweButho Lezempi LasePoland ngokuqasha amaPole avela ezindaweni ezisempumalanga yeVistula. Ngokohlelo lokuqala lwentuthuko, Ibutho Lezempi lasePoland lalizohlanganisa abantu abangu-400 1. masosha bese udala owakho umfelandawonye osebenzayo - iPolish Front, imodeli yeSoviet Front njenge-1st Belorussian Front noma i-XNUMXth Ukraine Front.

Phakathi nesikhathi esibuyekezwayo, izinqumo zamasu mayelana nePoland zenziwa uJózef Stalin. Umqondo wokudala iPolish Front kaRolya-Zhymerski1 wethulwa kuStalin ngesikhathi evakashele okokuqala eKremlin ngoJulayi 6, 1944. udaba. Hhayi ngaphandle kosizo lwabashokobezi baseSoviet, abahlela indiza, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo bagibele ozakwabo abalimele. Umzamo wokuqala awuphumelelanga, indiza yaphahlazeka izama ukusuka. UGeneral Rola-Zhymersky uphume enhlekeleleni engenamyocu. Emzamweni wesibili, indiza ebigcwele ngokweqile ayizange ihambe kancane esikhumulweni sezindiza.

Phakathi nezilaleli e-Kremlin, uRola-Zymerski waqinisekisa uStalin ukuthi uma iPoland ithola izikhali, imishini kanye nosizo lwabasebenzi, yayizokwazi ukuqoqa ibutho lesigidi elalizonqoba iJalimane kanye ne-Red Army. Ebhekisela ezibalweni zakhe ezisekelwe emandleni okugqugquzela impi yangaphambi kwempi ye-Second Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, u-Rolya-Zhymersky ucabange i-Polish Front njengokwakheka kwamabutho amathathu ezikhali ahlangene. Wadonsela ukunaka kukaStalin emathubeni okuqasha amalungu amaningi asemasha eButho Lezempi Lasekhaya ukuba angene ezinhlwini zeButho Lebutho LasePoland, lapho ukungqubuzana phakathi kwabasebenzi bezempi namasosha kuthiwa kwakukhula ngenxa yenqubomgomo kahulumeni ekudingisweni eLondon. Wabikezela ukuthi iButho Lebutho LasePoland lalobu bukhulu lizokwazi ukuthonya isimo somphakathi, linciphise ukubaluleka Kwebutho Lasekhaya emphakathini futhi ngaleyo ndlela livimbele ukudedelwa kwezingxabano zabazalwane.

U-Stalin wayenokungabaza ngesinyathelo sika-Rol-Zhymersky. Ubengawathembi futhi amandla okuhlanganisa ePoland kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezikhulu zeHome Army. Akazange athathe isinqumo esibophezelayo ekudalweni kwePolish Front, nakuba athembisa ukuxoxa ngale phrojekthi no-General Staff we-Red Army. UJenene Rola-Zhymersky ojabule wamamukela ngemvume yomholi we-USSR.

Lapho kuxoxwa ngohlelo lokuthuthukiswa kwebutho lasePoland, kwanqunywa ukuthi ekupheleni kuka-1944 amandla ayo kufanele abe ngabantu abayizinkulungwane ezingu-400. Abantu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uRola-Zhymerski wavuma ukuthi imibhalo eyinhloko ephathelene nomqondo wokunwetshwa kwebutho lasePoland izolungiswa yiGeneral Staff of the Red Army. Njengoba yasungulwa nguGeneral Rol-Zhymersky ngoJulayi 1944, iPolish Front yayizohlanganisa amabutho amathathu ezikhali ahlangene. Ngokushesha i-1st Polish Army e-USSR yaqanjwa kabusha ngokuthi i-1st Polish Army (AWP), kwakuhlelwe futhi ukudala ezinye ezimbili: i-GDP yesi-2 neyesi-3.

Ibutho ngalinye kwakufanele libe nalezi: izigaba ezinhlanu zamasosha ahamba ngezinyawo, ibutho lezikhali ezilwa nezindiza, ibutho lezikhali ezinhlanu, ibutho elihlomile, ibutho lamathangi esindayo, ibutho lonjiniyela kanye neqembu lama-barrage brigade. Nokho, phakathi nomhlangano wesibili noStalin ngo-August 1944, lezi zinhlelo zalungiswa. Ekusetshenzisweni kwe-AWP yesi-3 kwakungafanele ibe nezinhlanu, kodwa izigaba ezine zezingane, ukwakhiwa kwama-artillery brigades amahlanu alahliwe, ngenxa ye-artillery brigade eyodwa kanye ne-mortar regiment, bayeka ukwakheka kwe-tank corps. Isembozo sokuhlasela emoyeni besisahlinzekwa yibutho lezikhali ezilwa nezindiza. Kwakukhona i-brigade of sappers kanye ne-barrage brigade. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwakuhlelwe ukwakha i-anti-tank artillery brigade kanye nenani lamayunithi amancane: ezokuxhumana, ukuvikelwa kwamakhemikhali, ukwakhiwa, umphathi wekota, njll.

Ngokusekelwe esicelweni sikaGeneral Rol-Zhymersky, iRed Army Headquarters ngo-August 13, 1944 yakhipha isiqondiso ekubunjweni kwePolish Front, okwakufanele kube ngabantu abayizinkulungwane ezingu-270. amasosha. Ngokunokwenzeka, uGeneral Rola-Zymerski ngokwakhe wayala wonke amabutho angaphambili, noma okungenani uStalin wakwenza kwacaca kuye ukuthi kuzoba njalo. I-AWP yokuqala yayingaphansi komyalo kajenene omkhulu. Sigmunt Beurling, umyalo we-1nd AWP wawuzonikezwa ujenene omkhulu. UStanislav Poplavsky, kanye ne-AWP yesi-2 - General Karol Swierchevsky.

Esigabeni sokuqala somcimbi, obekumele uhlale kuze kube maphakathi noSepthemba 15, 1944, bekufanele kube umyalo wePolish Front kanye namayunithi ezokuphepha, indlunkulu ye-2nd ne-3rd AWP, kanye amayunithi ayeyingxenye yokuqala yala mabutho. Uhlelo oluhlongozwayo alukwazanga ukulondolozwa. Umyalelo lapho ukwakhiwa kwe-3rd AWP kwaqala khona ukhishwe nguGeneral Rola-Zhymersky kuphela ngo-Okthoba 6, 1944. Ngalo myalelo, i-2 Infantry Division yaxoshwa ku-6th AWP futhi umyalo wawungaphansi kwebutho.

Ngaso leso sikhathi, amayunithi amasha asungulwa kulezi zindawo ezilandelayo: Umyalo we-AWP yesi-3, kanye nomyalo ongaphansi, isevisi, amayunithi omphathi wekota kanye nezikole zezikhulu - iZwierzyniec, kwase kuba nguTomaszow-Lubelsky; 6th Infantry Division - Przemysl; I-10th Infantry Division - Rzeszow; 11th Rifle Division - Krasnystav; I-12th Infantry Division - Zamostye; 5th sapper brigade - Yaroslav, bese Tarnavka; Ibutho lama-35 lebhuloho le-pontoon - Yaroslav, bese kuba yiTarnavka; Ibutho lesine lokuvikela amakhemikhali - iZamosc; 4th Heavy Tank Regiment - Helm.

Ngo-Okthoba 10, 1944, uGeneral Rola-Zhymersky wayala ukwakhiwa kwamayunithi amasha futhi wagunyaza ukuhanjiswa kwe-AWP yesithathu eseyakhiwe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ibutho le-3 lebhuloho le-pontoon-bridge lalikhishiwe ku-3rd Polish Army, eyadluliselwa ku-35th pontoon brigade kusukela ku-NDVP reserve: isigaba se-3 se-anti-aircraft artillery - Siedlce; 4th heavy artillery brigade - Zamostye; 10th anti-tank artillery brigade - Krasnystav; Ibutho le-11 lodaka - i-Zamostye; 4th Measurement Reconnaissance Division - Zwierzynets; Inkampani ye-9 yokubuka nokubika - i-Tomaszow-Lubelsky (endlunkulu yebutho).

Ukwengeza kulawa mayunithi angenhla, i-AWP yesi-3 bekufanele ifake nenani lamanye amayunithi amancane ezokuphepha nezokuphepha: ibutho lesihlanu lezokuxhumana, ibutho le-5 lezokuxhumana, lama-12, 26, 31, 33th izinkampani zokuxhumana, 35th, 7th izimpi zezimoto. , izinkampani ezingomahambanendlwana zesi-9 nesesi-7, ibutho lesishiyagalombili lokulungisa imigwaqo, ibutho le-9 lokwakha ibhuloho, ibutho le-8 lokwakha imigwaqo, kanye nezifundo zezikhulu ze-cadet kanye nabasebenzi bezemfundo bezombangazwe bezikole.

Kulezi zinyunithi ezishiwo, kuphela isigaba se-4 sokulwa nezindiza (i-DAplot yesi-4) esesigabeni sokugcina sokwakhiwa - ngo-Okthoba 25, 1944, safinyelela isimo sika-2007 ngenani elihleliwe labantu abangu-2117. I-6th heavy tank regiment, eyayiyi-de facto unit yaseSoviet, nayo yayilungele ukulwa, ngoba zonke izinto zokusebenza, kuhlanganise nabasebenzi kanye nezikhulu, zivela e-Red Army. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngoNovemba 15, 1944, enye inhlangano yaseSoviet yayizongena ebuthweni - i-32 tank brigade enabasebenzi nemishini.

Amanye amayunithi kwakudingeka akhiwe kusukela ekuqaleni. Usuku lokuphothula ukuhlolwa lwaluhlelelwe uNovemba 15, 1944. Lokhu kwakuyiphutha elibi kakhulu, njengoba kwavela ubunzima ngesikhathi kwakhiwa i-2nd Polish Army, okusikisela ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukuhlangabezana nalesi sikhathi esinqunyiwe. Ngosuku lapho i-AWP yesi-2 bekufanele isebenze ngokugcwele, okungukuthi ngoSepthemba 15, 1944, kwakunabantu abangu-29 40 kuphela kuyo. abantu - XNUMX% baqediwe.

UGeneral Karol Swierczewski waba umkhuzi we-3rd AWP. NgoSepthemba 25, wanikeza umyalo we-2nd AWP futhi wahamba waya eLublin, lapho esakhiweni esisemgwaqweni. I-Shpitalnaya 12 yazibuthela ithimba lezikhulu ezazihlelelwe isikhundla kumyalo wamasosha. Base beqhubeka nokuhlolisisa amadolobha ahloselwe izindawo zokwakhiwa kwamayunithi. Ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yokuhlolwa, uGeneral Swierczewski wayala ukudluliselwa komyalo we-AWP yesi-3 usuka eZwierzyniec uya e-Tomaszow-Lubelski futhi wanquma ukuphakela amayunithi angemuva.

Izigungu ezilawulayo ze-AWP yesi-3 zakhiwe ngokulandela imigomo efanayo njengasesimeni se-AWP yoku-1 neyesi-2. UColonel Aleksey Gryshkovsky wathatha umyalo wezikhali, owayengumkhuzi we-1st Armored Brigade, uBrig. UJan Mezhitsan, amasosha onjiniyela ayezoqondiswa yi-brig. U-Antony Germanovich, amasosha amasignali - uColonel Romuald Malinovsky, amasosha amakhemikhali - uMajor Alexander Nedzimovsky, uColonel Alexander Kozhukh wayeyinhloko yomnyango wabasebenzi, uColonel Ignacy Shipitsa wathatha isikhundla se-quartermaster, ibutho lalihlanganisa noMkhandlu Wezombangazwe Nezemfundo. umyalo - ngaphansi komyalo omkhulu. U-Mechislav Shleyen (PhD, isishoshovu samakhomanisi, umakadebona weMpi Yombango YaseSpain) kanye noMnyango Wezolwazi Lwezempi, oholwa uColonel Dmitry Voznesensky, isikhulu sophiko lwezempi lwezempi lwaseSoviet.

Umyalo wenkundla we-AWP yesi-3 wawunezingxenye ezizimele zezokuphepha nezonogada ezihlanganisa: inkampani yesi-8 ye-gendarmerie kanye nenkampani yezimoto yasendlunkulu ye-18; umphathi wezikhali wayenezikhali zezikhali zasendlunkulu yesi-5, futhi Ulwazi Lwezempi lwalubhekele inkampani yeshumi yophiko lolwazi. Wonke lawa mayunithi angenhla abekwe endlunkulu yebutho eTomaszow Lubelski. Umyalo wamasosha wawuhlanganisa neposi, ezezimali, izinkundla zokucobelelana ngolwazi kanye nezikhungo zokulungisa.

Inqubo yokwenza umyalo nabasebenzi be-3rd Polish Army, kanye nezinsizakalo ezingaphansi kwayo, yaqhubeka kancane kodwa ngokungaguquki. Nakuba kuze kube ngumhla zingama-20 kuLwezi, 1944, amaphesenti angama-58 kuphela ezikhundla ezivamile zabaphathi nezinhloko zezinsizakalo nezigaba ezagcwaliswa, kodwa lokhu akuzange kube nomthelela omubi ekuthuthukisweni kwe-AWP yesi-3.

Ukugqugquzela

Ukubuthelwa ebuthweni Lezempi YasePoland kwaqala ngesimemezelo seKomiti YasePoland Yenkululeko Kazwelonke yango-Agasti 15, 1944 ngokuqokwa kwababuthiwe ngo-1924, 1923, 1922 no-1921, kanye nezikhulu, izikhulu ezingagunyaziwe, amalungu angaphambili angaphansi komhlaba. izinhlangano zezempi, odokotela, abashayeli kanye nenani labanye abantu abaqeqeshiwe abawusizo emasosheni.

Ukugqugquzelwa nokubhaliswa kwababuthelwe kwakuzokwenziwa AmaKhomishana Okugcwalisa Kabusha Wesifunda (RKU), adalwe emadolobheni amaningana ezifunda kanye nama-voivodship.

Iningi lezakhamuzi zezifunda lapho loluhlaka lwenzeka khona lizwakalise isimo sengqondo esingesihle nge-PKWN futhi lathatha uhulumeni osekudingisweni eLondon kanye nethimba lakhe ezweni njengokuphela kwegunya elisemthethweni. Ukunengwa kwakhe okujulile ngamakhomanisi kwaqiniswa ubugebengu obenziwa yi-NKVD ngokumelene namalungu angaphansi komhlaba asePoland ukuze azimele. Ngakho-ke, akumangazi ukuthi lapho iButho Lasekhaya Lezempi nezinye izinhlangano ezingaphansi komhlaba zimemezela ukuduba ukugqugquzelwa, iningi labantu lasekela ivoti lazo. Ngokungeziwe ezicini zezombangazwe, inkambo yokuhlanganisa abantu yathonywa izingxabano ezenziwa ezingxenyeni zezindawo ezingaphansi kombuso we-RCU ngayinye.

Ukuntuleka kwezinto zokuthutha kukhinyabeze umsebenzi wamakhomishana asalungiswa emadolobheni aqhelelene namakhomishana okugcwalisa izifunda. Akwanele futhi ukunikeza i-RKU izimali, iphepha kanye nabantu abaneziqu ezifanele.

Kwakungekho noyedwa umuntu endaweni yaseKolbuszovsky, eyayingaphansi kweRCU Tarnobrzeg. Kwenzeka okufanayo kwamanye ama-powiats e-RCU Yaroslav. Endaweni ye-RCU Siedlce, cishe ama-40% abantu ababuthiwe benqabile ukubuthwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bambalwa abantu abeza kuyo yonke i-RKU kunalokho obekulindelwe. Lesi simo sandisa ukungathenjwa kweziphathimandla zezempi kubantu, futhi abantu abajoyina ibutho baphathwa njengabangase bahlanzwe. Ubufakazi bamazinga akhiwe kumabhodi asalungiswa wubufakazi bomunye womakadebona beqembu lama-39 le-DP ye-10:

(...) lapho amaRussia engena futhi inkululeko kufanele kube khona, ngo-June-July [1944], futhi ngokushesha ngo-August kwaba ukugqugquzelwa ebuthweni futhi 2nd Army kwakhiwa. Ngo-August 16, kwase kunesimemo sokungenela inkonzo yezempi. Kepha bekuyibizo elinjani, azikho izimemezelo, amaphosta kuphela alenga ezindlini kanye nezincwadi zonyaka kuphela ezivela ku-1909 kuya ku-1926, iminyaka eminingi eya empini ngesikhathi esisodwa. Kwakukhona indawo yokuqoqa eRudki2, kwathi kusihlwa sathathwa eRudka sayiswa eDrohobych. Sasiholwa amaRussia, ibutho laseRussia elaliphethe izibhamu. Sahlala amasonto amabili eDrohobych, ngoba kwakubuthana abantu abengeziwe, futhi ngemva kwamasonto amabili sasuka eDrogobych saya eYaroslav. EYaroslav asizange simiswe ngemva kweYaroslav ePelkin kuphela, kwakuyidolobhana elinjalo, sabekwa khona. Kamuva, kwafika izikhulu ezazigqoke umfaniswano wasePoland zivela lapho futhi ibutho ngalinye lathi lidinga amasosha amangaki futhi zasikhetha. Basidweba emigqeni emibili base bekhetha lokhu, lokho, lokho, lokho. Amaphoyisa azofika azikhethele wona. Ngakho isikhulu esisodwa, isikhulu, sahola abahlanu bethu bayosifaka endaweni yezibhamu ezilula.

Futhi ngaleyo ndlela uCpr. U-Kazimierz Wozniak, osebenze ebhethrini lodaka le-25th Infantry Regiment of the 10th Infantry Division: Ucingo lwenzeke ezimeni ezijwayelekile zomugqa wangaphambili, kumisindo ye-canonade engapheli evela ngaphambili eduze, ukukhala nokukhala kwezikhali nokundiza. imicibisholo. ngaphezu kwethu. Novemba 11 [1944] sasivele siseRzeszow. Kusukela esiteshini kuya emabhalekisini ebutho lesibili le-reserve rifle regiment4 siphelezelwa isixuku esifuna ukwazi. Ngaphinde ngaba nesithakazelo esimweni esisha ngemva kokuwela amasango ekamu. Ngicabangeni kimina, iButho LasePoland, kanye nomyalo weSoviet, iyalela isikhundla esiphansi siye ezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu. Lezi kwakuyimibono yokuqala eshaqisayo. Ngasheshe ngabona ukuthi amandla ngokuvamile amayelana nokusebenza kuneziqu. Kunoma ikuphi, ngabhekana nakho kamuva, lapho ngisebenza emsebenzini izikhathi eziningana […]. Ngemva kwamahora ambalwa sisendlini yamasosha futhi besibeka emibhedeni engenalutho, sasigezwa futhi sibulawe amagciwane, ukulandelana okuvamile kwezinto lapho sisuka ekubeni yisosha. Amakilasi avele aqala ngokushesha, njengoba kwakhiwa iminyango emisha futhi kudingeka kwengezwe.

Enye inkinga yayiwukuthi amabhodi ayebuthela ebuthweni, emzamweni wokuthola amasosha anele, ayevame ukubuthela abantu abangakufanelekela ukubuthwa ebuthweni. Ngale ndlela, abantu abanempilo ebuthaka, abaphethwe yizifo eziningi, bangena kulolu phiko. Iqiniso elixakayo eliqinisekisa umsebenzi onesici we-RCU kwaba ukuthunyelwa kwabantu abasindayo abanesifo sokuwa noma abangaboni kahle kahle eButhweni Le-6 Lamathangi.

Amayunithi nendawo yawo

Uhlobo oluyinhloko lweyunithi yamaqhinga ku-3rd Polish Army kwakuyisigaba samasosha. Ukwakhiwa kwezigaba zezingane zasePoland kwakusekelwe esikhundleni seSoviet se-Guards Rifle Division, esalungiswa ngezidingo zamabutho ahlomile asePoland, kuhlanganise nokwengeza ukunakekelwa komfundisi. Amandla ezigaba zonogada baseSoviet kwaba ukugcwala okuphezulu kwezibhamu zemishini kanye nezikhali, ubuthakathaka kwakuwukuntuleka kwezikhali ezilwa nezindiza kanye nokuntuleka kwezokuthutha emgwaqeni. Ngokwetafula labasebenzi, lolu phiko kufanele lube nabasebenzi abayizikhulu eziyi-1260, abangaqashiwe abangu-3238, abangaqashiwe abangama-6839, abantu abayi-11 sebebonke.

I-6th Rifle Regiment yakhiwa ngomyalo womkhuzi we-1st Polish Army e-USSR, uGeneral Berling ngoJulayi 5, 1944, ehlanganisa: umyalo nabasebenzi, i-14, i-16, i-18th rifle regiments (pp), i-23rd light artillery regiment. (iwile), ibutho lesithupha lokuqeqesha, ibutho lesihlanu lezikhali, inkampani yesi-6 yokuhlola, ibutho lonjiniyela le-5, inkampani yezokuxhumana ye-6, inkampani yamakhemikhali yesi-13, inkampani yesishiyagalombili yezokuthutha, indawo yokubhaka yesi-15, ibutho le-6 le-sanitary, i-ambulance commander yezilwane i-platoon, ama-workshops agqoke iyunifomu ehambayo, i-field mail No. 8, 7 ideski lemali yasebhange lasebhange, umnyango wolwazi lwezempi.

Ngokwezinhlelo zokuthuthukiswa kweButho lasePoland, i-6th Infantry Division yafakwa ku-2nd AWP. Ubunzima obuvele ngesikhathi sokuhlela lolu phiko buholele ekubambezelekeni okukhulu, okubangele ukuthi usuku obekulindelekile lokuphothula ukuhlelwa kwalolu phiko luqondane nosuku lokusungulwa kwe-AWP yesi-3. Lokhu kugqugquzele uGeneral Rola-Zymerski ukuthi ahoxise i-6th Infantry Division ku-AWP yesi-2 futhi ajoyine i-AWP yesi-3, eyenzeka mhla ziyi-12 kuMfumfu we-1944.

Ngo-July 24, 1944, uColonel Ivan Kostyachin, Chief of Staff uLieutenant Colonel Stefan Zhukovsky kanye Quartermaster uLieutenant Colonel Maxim Titarenko bafika endaweni kumiswa 6 Infantry Division. ukwakhiwa kwe-50th Infantry Division. Ngokushesha bajoyinwa izikhulu ezi-4 ezazimiswe njengabakhuzi bamabutho kanye neqembu lezizimele. Ngo-September 1944, kwafika uGeneral Gennady Ilyich Sheipak, owathatha umyalo weqembu futhi walibamba kuze kube sekupheleni kwempi. Ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti 50, ukuthutha okukhulu nabantu kwaqala ukufika, ngakho-ke kwaqala ukwakhiwa kwama-infantry regiments. Ekupheleni kuka-Agasti, lolu phiko lufinyelele ku-34% yenani elihlinzekiwe emsebenzini ojwayelekile. Yize bekungekho ukushoda kwabantu abazimele, bekunamaphutha amakhulu ophikweni lwezikhulu, okungazange kudlule u-15% wesidingo, futhi ezikhundleni ezingagunyaziwe kuphela u-XNUMX% wezikhundla ezijwayelekile.

Ekuqaleni, i-6th Rifle Division yamiswa endaweni yeZhytomyr-Barashuvka-Bogun. Ngo-August 12, 1944, kwenziwa isinqumo sokuhlanganisa kabusha i-6th Infantry Division e-Przemysl. Ngokuvumelana nomyalo kaGeneral Sverchevsky, ukuhlanganisa kabusha kwenzeka kusukela ngo-August 23 kuya ku-September 5, 1944. Lesi sigaba sathuthela ekamu elisha ngesitimela. Indlunkulu, inkampani yokuhlola, inkampani yezokuxhumana kanye nebutho lezokwelapha bebebekwe emabhilidini emgwaqeni. UMickiewicz ePrzemysl. I-14th Infantry Regiment yathuthukiswa emadolobheni aseZhuravitsa naseLipovitsa, i-16th and 18th Infantry Regiments futhi, kanye namanye amayunithi ahlukene, amiswa emabhalekisi eZasanie - engxenyeni esenyakatho yePrzemysl. Isigxobo sama-23 sasibekwe edolobhaneni lasePikulice, eningizimu yedolobha.

Ngemva kokuhlangana kabusha ngoSepthemba 15, 1944, i-6th Rifle Division yaqashelwa njengeyakhiwe futhi yaqala ukuvivinya umzimba okuhleliwe. Eqinisweni, inqubo yokugcwalisa isimo somuntu yaqhubeka. Isidingo esijwayelekile sezikhundla zezikhulu kanye nezikhulu ezingagunyaziwe saneliseke ngama-50%. Ngokwezinga elithile, lokhu kwaxazululwa insada yamadoda abhalisiwe, amaningi awo ayengase akhushulelwe esikhundleni sokuba osayitsheni ezifundweni zamayunithi. Naphezu kokushiyeka, i-6th Rifle Division yayiyingxenye eqediwe kakhulu ye-3rd Polish Army, okwakuwumphumela weqiniso lokuthi inqubo yokwakhiwa kwayo yathatha izinyanga ezine kunezinye izigaba ezintathu zebutho.

Uphiko lweshumi lwezibhamu lwaluhlanganisa: umyalo nabasebenzi, ibutho lama-10, lama-25, isibhamu sama-27, inqwaba yama-29, ibutho lokuqeqesha le-39, ibutho lezempi le-10 lezempi, inkampani ye-13 yokuhlola, ibutho lonjiniyela lama-10, inkampani ye-21 yamakhemikhali yezokuthutha, inkampani ye-19 yezokuthutha yezimoto, inkampani ye-9 yezokuthutha inkampani, ibhikawozi yenkundla ye-15, ibutho le-11 le-sanitary, i-ambulensi yezilwane ye-12, ibutho lokulawula izikhali, ishabhu le-uniform yeselula, i-field post No. UColonel Andrei Afanasevich Czartorozhsky wayengumkhuzi weqembu.

Inhlangano ye-10th Infantry Division yenzeke e-Rzeszów nasezindaweni ezizungezile. Ngenxa yokuntuleka kwezindawo ezilungiselelwe izidingo zamasosha, amayunithi ahlukaniswe izingxenye ezahlukene zedolobha. Umyalo walolu phiko wawuhlala esakhiweni esikuZamkova Street, 3. Indlunkulu ye-25th Infantry Regiment yayisebhilidini lehhovisi lentela langaphambi kwempi ngo. NgoMeyi 1, ibutho lokuqala lalimiswe ezindlini emgwaqweni. I-Lvovskaya, ibutho lesibili emgwaqweni. Koleeva, ibutho lesithathu ngemuva komgwaqo. Zamkov. I-1th Infantry Regiment yathuthukiswa endaweni yenxusa lasePoland langaphambi kwempi eFrance, u-Alfred Chlapowski, edolobhaneni laseSlochina (ngemva nje kokubunjwa kwayo, i-2nd Battalion yaleli butho yathuthela emabhalekisini akuLwowska Street eRzeszow). I-brigade yama-3 yayimi endaweni ebizwa ngokuthi. amabharaki eSt. I-Baldakhovka (maphakathi no-Okthoba, ibutho le-27 lathuthela endlini yokuhlala e-Lvovskaya Street). Inqwaba 2 yatholakala kanje: indlunkulu esakhiweni emgwaqweni. I-Semiradsky, i-squadron ye-29 endlini eduze kwebhuloho e-Wisloka, i-1nd squadron esakhiweni sesikole esiteshini, i-39rd squadron ezakhiweni ze-egg cellar yangaphambili emgwaqweni. I-Lvov.

Ngokwalolu hlelo, i-10th Rifle Division yayizoqedela ukwakheka kwayo ekupheleni kuka-Okthoba 1944, kodwa kwakungenakwenzeka ukuyisindisa. NgoNovemba 1, 1944, abasebenzi balolu phiko babe: izikhulu ze-374, izikhulu ezingagunyaziwe ezingama-554 kanye nezizimele ezingama-3686, i.e. U-40,7% wabasebenzi. Nakuba ezinsukwini ezalandela lolu phiko lwathola inani elidingekayo labazimele, nangaphezu kwemingcele emisiwe, izikhulu kanye nezikhulu ezingathunywanga zazingakanele. Kuze kube ngumhla zingama-20 kuLwezi, 1944, ukuqashwa kwezikhulu kwakungama-39% ezikhulu ezijwayelekile, nezingathunywanga - 26,7%. Lokhu bekukuncane kakhulu ukuthi kucatshangelwe ukuhlukaniswa okwenziwe

futhi kufanelekile ukulwa.

Isigaba seshumi nanye sasihlanganisa: umyalo kanye nabasebenzi, isibhamu sama-11, sama-20, sama-22, inqwaba yama-24, izimpi zokuqeqesha ze-42, ibutho lezempi lesi-11 lezempi, inkampani ye-9 yokuhlola, ibutho le-11 le-sapper, inkampani ye-22 yezokuxhumana, inkampani ye-17 yezimoto, ye-8 yezimoto inkampani yezokuthutha, i-16th field bakery, i-11th sanitary battalion, umtholampilo wezilwane we-13 we-veterinary outpatient, i-artillery headquarter platoon, i-workshop ye-uniform yeselula, i-field mail No.