Amahora angama-24 eLe Mans. Amaqiniso kanye Nomlando Womjaho Omkhulu Kakhulu Wokubekezelela Izimoto

Emijahweni yezimoto ekhuthazela, umcimbi omkhulu ngamahora angama-24 weLe Mans. Umzuliswano ophindwe kabili womjaho womhlaba uba minyaka yonke ngoJuni e-Circuit de la Sarthe e-Le Mans, eFrance.

Lo mjaho waziwa ngesivinini esiphezulu, izinga lokushisa elishisayo, isimo sezulu esishintshashintshayo nokuba ngenye yezinselelo ezinzima ezimotweni, abashayeli nasemaqenjini. Ngisho namaqembu anamandla nanamava angabhekana nezihibe futhi adumazeke, kodwa ukuba seqophelweni eliphezulu emsamo kuwukuheha okunamandla okubuyisela izimoto ezihamba phambili emhlabeni, abashayeli abangcono kakhulu namaqembu aphambili unyaka nonyaka.

Nawa amaqiniso angu-20 athakazelisayo nezindaba mayelana nomjaho omkhulu kakhulu wokukhuthazelela izimoto zezemidlalo.

Umjaho wokuqala

Umjaho wokuqala wamahora angama-24 omjaho weLe Mans wenzeka ngoMeyi 26, 1923. Abakhiqizi bezimoto abahlukene abangamashumi amabili abangenele lo mjaho, ngezimoto ezingamashumi amathathu nesikhombisa sezizonke. Bonke ngaphandle kwe-Bentley eyodwa yase-UK kanye nama-Excelsior amabili avela eBelgium ayevela eFrance. Okumangazayo ukuthi izimoto ezingu-33 ziqede umjaho ogcwele.

Isifunda ngokwaso sasihlanganisa imigwaqo yomphakathi edlula esifundeni saseSarthe eFrance. Ithrekhi yamamayela angu-10.72 yayingagandayiwe futhi isuka emaphethelweni e-Le Mans iya edolobhaneni lase-Mulsanne. Owokuqala owinile kwaba umbhangqwana waseFrance u-André Lagache noRené Léonard emdlalweni weChenard-Walcker U3 15CV Sport, oqede imizuliswano engu-128.

Okulandelayo UP thola ukuthi yimuphi umshayeli owine kakhulu Amahora angu-25 e-Le Mans.

Iningi liwina ngomshayeli

U-Tom Christensen, umshayeli wemijaho ongowokuzalwa e-Denmark, uthathwa njengomshayeli ophumelele kakhulu ku-24 Hours of Le Mans. Unqobe lo mjaho amahlandla ayisishiyagalolunye phakathi kuka-1997 no-2013, okwamenza waqanjwa ngokuthi “Mnu Le Mans”. Okuyisikhombisa kwalokhu kunqoba bekusesifanisweni se-Audi, esisodwa kumfuziselo we-Bentley, kanye nokukodwa ku-prototype ye-Porsche-powered WSC-95.

Ethathwa njengomshayeli weLe Mans omkhulu kunabo bonke owake waba khona, uChristensen uphinde wawina i-12 Hours of Sebring izikhathi eziyisithupha. Yize ethathe umhlalaphansi ngokusemthethweni ngo-2019, usagijima ivini kuMvuselelo YeGoodwood.

Bese uthola ukuthi yiliphi iqembu elinqobe izikhathi eziningi.

Iningi lamaqembu liyawina

I-Joest Racing iyiqembu elikhulu lomjaho wokukhuthazela. Le nhlangano yasungulwa ngo-1978 ngu-Reinhold Jost, owayengumshayeli wefekthri yakwa-Porsche, futhi iyiqembu eliphumelele kakhulu ukugijima e-Le Mans, lawina izikhawu eziyishumi nantathu ngezimoto ze-Porsche ne-Audi.

Ukunqoba kwabo kokuqala sekukonke kweLe Mans kwaba ngo-1984 bephethe i-Porsche 956 futhi ukunqoba kwabo kokugcina kwaba ne-Audi R2014 Prototype ngo-'18. U-Tom Christensen, umshayeli ophumelele kakhulu kaLe Mans, wathatha iwini yakhe yokuqala ephelele emahoreni angama-24 ngesibonelo seJoest Racing WSC-95 ngo-1997.

Kuthiwani ngokuwina kwabakhiqizi abaningi?

Iningi liwina ngumkhiqizi

I-Porsche ingumkhiqizi ophumelele kakhulu ukugijima e-Le Mans. Kusukela ngo-1951, ama-Porsches angama-818 ancintisane kuma-24 Hours. Banqobe izikhathi ezingu-19, baqeda emsamo izikhathi ezingu-54 futhi bawine cishe amakilasi angama-80. Kunezizathu zokushintsha igama lomjaho libe yi-"24 Hours of Porsche".

Izimoto zakwaPorsche zincintisana kangangokuthi ngo-1971, izimoto ezingu-33 kwezingu-49 ezaqala umjaho kwakungamaPorsche. IPorsche iphinde ibe nerekhodi lokuwina okuningi kulandelana ngesi-7 kusukela ngo-1981 kuya ku-1987.

Lo mjaho nawo unomlando ongajwayelekile wokuhlungela nokuqala umjaho...

Ukufaneleka okungajwayelekile kanye nokuqala komjaho

Kuze kube ngu-1963, i-24 Hours of Le Mans yayinefomethi yokufaneleka engajwayelekile engabonakali kunoma yimuphi omunye umjaho. Izimoto zikleliswe kugridi yokuqala ngosayizi wenjini, kusukela kwenkulu kuye kwencane kakhulu. Ngo-1963, imithetho yashintshwa yaba izimfanelo ezengeziwe zendabuko, lapho isikhathi sokuhamba kwemoto sanquma indawo yayo yokuqala.

Ukuqala e-Le Mans, ngesikhathi abashayeli begijima bewela umzila beya ezimotweni zabo, bekuyisiqalo esijwayelekile somjaho. Le fomethi yaqala ngo-1923 kuya ku-1969 futhi yagcina ishintshile ngo-1970 ukuze abashayeli baboshelwe ezimotweni ezima-engeli angakwesokudla ukuya ethrekhi ngaphambi kokushintsha futhi ngo-1971 kufomethi evamile, ebheke phambili.

Linda uze uthole ukuthi umjaho omude usudlule kangakanani.

Ibanga elikude kakhulu elihlanganiswe emjahweni

Ngo-2010, i-Audi R15+ TDI yaqopha umlando omangalisayo ngama-laps angama-397 emahoreni angama-24. Ngobude obungamamayela angu-8.47, i-Audi prototype ihlanganise amamayela angu-3,362 kulo mjaho. Lokho kungaphezu kwamamayela angu-900 phakathi kweNew York neLos Angeles!

Uma wenza izibalo, i-Audi kuzomele ibe nesilinganiso esingu-140 mph i-lap ngayinye ukuze iqedele imizuliswano engama-397 emahoreni angama-24, futhi uma uyibeka emigwaqweni yomphakathi, inganqamula izwe ngamahora angaphezudlwana kuka-19!

Ijubane eliphezulu nalo liyamangaza...

Isivinini esiphezulu esiphezulu

Ngo-1988, i-Welter Racing yabonakala e-Le Mans ne-prototype ye-Peugeot Group C ngenhloso yokwephula irekhodi lejubane eliphezulu ku-Mulsanne Straight. Ngenjini engu-2.8-litre twin-turbocharged V6 ekhiqiza amandla amahhashi angu-850 ngokusheshisa okuphezulu, kanye nekhithi yomzimba we-aerodynamic kanye nemiphumela ye-aerodynamic eyakhiwe emhubheni womoya we-Peugeot, i-WM P88 yagijima yehle umqansi ngesivinini esingamamayela angu-252 ngehora.

Imoto, ngeshwa, ayizange iqede umjaho ngenxa yezinkinga zobuchwepheshe, kodwa yabeka ngempumelelo irekhodi lejubane. Ngo-1990, kwafakwa ama-chicanes ku-Mulsanne Straight ukuze kukhawulwe isivinini sezimoto, okusho ukuthi irekhodi le-WM P88 lingase lingaphulwa.

Ubude beketanga

Kusukela ngo-1923, i-Circuit de la Sarthe, esetshenziselwa Amahora angu-24 e-Le Mans, ibe nokucushwa okungu-15. Cishe zonke zinomumo ofanayo futhi zinama-engeli amaningi wesithonjana, kodwa anobude obuhlukene.

Isifundo sokuqala, emigwaqweni yomphakathi ngokuphelele, sasingamamayela angu-10.71 ubude futhi sasihlanganisa i-Mulsanne Straight edumile, eyayingamamayela angu-3.7 wethrekhi. Ngokuhamba kweminyaka ithrekhi iye yehliswa yaba ngamamayela angu-8.47 futhi i-Mulsanne enamandla ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ezi-3 ezihlukaniswe ama-chicanes ukuze kukhawulwe isivinini esiphezulu sezimoto. Naphezu kwalokhu, kusengowesibili umjaho omude kunawo wonke emhlabeni, ilandela iNürburgring.

Okuhlaba umxhwele njengoba ubude besifundo bulingana nobukhulu bezilaleli ezihambele lo mcimbi.

Amasayizi Ababukeli Abamangalisayo

Enye yezingxenye ezinhle kakhulu ze-Le Mans umoya womkhosi. Umculo obukhoma, ukudla okumnandi, umbukiso ojabulisayo kanye nesondo likaFerris kwengeza injabulo emncintiswaneni. Iyindawo edumile yabathandi bemijaho futhi abantu abavela emhlabeni wonke beza e-Le Mans City minyaka yonke ukuzojabulela umjaho, umkhathi kanye nomkhosi.

Abantu abangu-2019 babambe iqhaza ku-24 Hours Race ngo-252,000, okungaphezu kokuphindwe kabili inani lababekhona kwi-Super Bowl! Yebo, baningi abantu, kodwa lokhu akulona irekhodi. Lo mehluko ubhekise kubantu abangu-1969 400,000 abagcwalise inkundla bezobuka umjaho.

Kodwa kungani ugijima amahora angu-24?

Igoli lomjaho amahora angama-24

Kuze kube ngu-1923, umjaho we-Grand Prix wanda kakhulu eYurophu. Lawa ngokuvamile kwakungama-"sprints" amafushane ayegxile ekugcineni imoto ishesha kakhulu. Umqondo womjaho wamahora angu-24 we-Le Mans bekuwukwethula inselelo entsha kubakhiqizi bezimoto nabashayeli. Yakhelwe ukukhuthaza ukwethembeka nokusebenza kahle futhi yakhuthaza abakhiqizi ukuthi bakhe izimoto zezemidlalo ezingeke zibhidlike.

Lokhu kube nomphumela emisha ekuthembekeni kwezimoto kanye nokusebenza kahle kukaphethiloli. Ukuze uwine umjaho, bekufanele uchithe isikhathi esincane emigodini, ngakho-ke imoto, eyayishesha ngendlela emangalisayo, kodwa idla uphethiloli omningi, yayisesimweni esingesihle.

Kodwa-ke, isivinini salezi zimoto savumela ukugijima okusheshayo, njengoba manje uzothola.

Ijubane elisheshayo kuthrekhi

Umzila oshesha kakhulu owake watholakala kusekethe iLe Mans ekaPedro Rodriguez oshayela iPorsche 917 ngo-1971. Isikhathi sakhe se-lap esingu-3:13.90 cishe singaba nzima ukusinqoba njengoba kwakungekho ama-chicane amabili ethrekhi ngaleso sikhathi. ku-Mulsanne Straight ukuze kunciphe ukuhamba kwezimoto.

UKamui Kobayashi ohamba ngeToyota TS 050 wasondela eduze kwayo ngo-2017 ngesikhathi umzuliswano wakhe wokuhlungela umisa isibali-sikhathi ngo-3:14.79. Kepha uzakwabo kwaToyota, uMike Conway, ungumnikazi wejubane elisheshayo phakathi nomjaho lapho efaka i-3:17.29 i-lap ngo-2019.

Ngisho neshawa ye-champagne e-24 Hours of Lemans ihlukile!

Geza nge-champagne

Ukuvula amabhodlela kanye nokufafaza i-champagne kuyindinganiso yemikhosi yokunqoba umjaho wezimoto. Ukufafaza iqembu lakho lezimbangi kanye nesixuku manje sekuyinsakavukela futhi kulindeleke ekupheleni komjaho.

Isiko empeleni laqala e-Le Mans ngo-1967 ngenganekwane uDan Gurney. Ngemuva kokuwina umjaho ngeFord GT40 nozakwabo u-AJ Foyt, uGurney uklonyeliswe ngebhodlela le-Moet & Chandon champagne. Ngaphambi kwakhe kwakumi uHenry Ford II, umnikazi weqembu uCarroll Shelby, amakhosikazi abo, nezintatheli eziningana. UGurney wathatha ibhodlela, walithintitha ngamandla futhi wathela wonke umuntu nge-champagne isenzo sokuzenzakalelayo esaqala isiko elisaqhubeka nanamuhla.

Ubuwazi ukuthi abasekho "abagibeli abangabodwa" emqhudelwaneni? Qhubeka ufunda ukuze uthole ukuthi kungani.

Abashayeli ababodwa

Kubonakala sengathi kuyahlanya ukuzama ukugibela amahora angu-24 uqonde, futhi ngisho nokuhlanya nakakhulu ukuzama ukugijima amahora angu-24 ngokuqondile, kodwa abanye abagibeli baye bazama futhi baphumelela kulokhu. Namuhla, imithetho ye-Le Mans idinga ukuthi ukushayela kukhawulelwe esikhathini esithile ngemuva kwesondo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi cishe akunakwenzeka ukuqeda umjaho ngisho nabagibeli ababili, futhi amaqembu amaningi anabathathu noma abane. Ngaphambi kokushintshwa komthetho, abagibeli abahlanu bazame ukugijima bodwa, kuhlanganise no-Eddie Hall ngo-1950. U-Hall ugijime i-Bentley eneminyaka engu-17 ubudala futhi wahlula wonke ama-Ferraris nama-Aston-Martins ukuze aqedele indawo yesi-8.

I-Mulsanne Straight edumile

Akukho lutho oluveza uhlamvu lwesekhethi ye-Le Mans njenge-Mulsanne Straight. Emamayela angu-3.7 ubude, bekungenye yezindlela ezinde kakhulu ku-motorsport, lapho izimoto zingafinyelela khona isivinini esingafika ku-252 mph.

Ngo-1990, kwanezelwa ama-chicanes endaweni eqondile ukuze kulawulwe ijubane lezimoto futhi kushwelezwe i-FIA. Ama-chicane amabili empeleni akha izingxenye ezintathu eziqondile zethrekhi, futhi ngenxa yobude obufushane, izimoto zesimanje ngokuvamile zifinyelela isivinini esingaba ngu-205 mph. Inkampani yezimoto iBentley iqambe i-Mulsanne sedan yayo ngeLe Mans straight.

Abesifazane e-Le Mans

I-Motorsport ivame ukubhekwa ngephutha "njengomdlalo wamadoda". Abesifazane banomlando omude wokugijima ku-24 Hours of Le Mans. Ngo-1930, u-Odette Sicot waba ngowesifazane wokuqala ukuncintisana emjahweni wokukhuthazela eLe Mans. Wayezoqhudelana lapho kusukela ngo-1930 kuya ku-1933, aqedele indawo yesi-4 futhi awine ikilasi lakhe kanye.

Bangu-61 sebebonke abantu besifazane abangenele umjaho omkhulu we-Le Mans, okuhlanganisa no-Michèle Mouton, okuwukuphela kwakhe owesifazane owanqoba i-World Rally Championship, no-Lella Lombardi, okuwukuphela kwakhe wesifazane owagijima ku-Formula One.

Izimoto ezinezinjini ezingezona ezendabuko

Ngenxa yemvelo yomjaho ogxile ekuthembekeni nasekusebenzeni kahle kukaphethiloli, abakhiqizi abaningi basebenzisa i-Le Mans njengendawo yokuhlola yobuchwepheshe benjini yesikhathi esizayo nokuklama. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, izimoto eziwinile zonke bekuyingxubevange, ehlanganisa injini encane ene-turbocharged namamotho kagesi, izimoto ezisebenza ngodizili eziwine eLe Mans muva nje ngo-2014.

Enye yezinjini ezingajwayelekile ezisetshenziswa e-Le Mans itholwe ku-Rover-BRM Turbine. Inikwe amandla injini ye-Rover gas turbine injini eshintshiwe yamahhashi angu-150, imoto yomjaho yabonakala iqhudelana ngendlela emangalisayo kuma-Cobras kanye namaFerraris ngawo-1960 futhi yaqhudelana e-Le Mans phakathi kuka-1963 no-1965.

Ingozi eyaduma kabi yango-1955

Phakathi namahora angu-1955 angu-24, enye yezingozi ezimbi kakhulu zomjaho emlandweni yenzeka emzuzwini wama-35. "UJaguar" uMike Hawthorne uphuthume emzileni, enqamula u-Austin-Healey uLance McLean. UMcLean wachezuka evika iJaguar wagcina esesendleleni kaPierre Levegue eshayela iMercedes-Benz 300 SLR. Ukushayisana phakathi kukaMcLean noLevegh kubangele iMercedes ukuthi indize phezu kwe-Austin ingene othangweni olunodaka, lapho imoto yaqhuma yasakaza imfucumfucu kumzila wesitimela nasezinkundleni. Ngenxa yale ngozi embi, kwashona abantu abangu-83 kwalimala ababalelwa ku-180. AbakwaMercedes-Benz bahoxise zonke izimoto emijahweni futhi bathatha umhlalaphansi ku-motorsport kwaze kwaba ngu-1987.

Imoto enenjini encane kunazo zonke

I-Gordini Simca 1937 yango-5, imoto yomjaho esekelwe ku-Simca Cinq, inenjini encane kunazo zonke ezake zagijima e-Le Mans. IGordini Simca 570, inikwa amandla yinjini engu-23 cc four-cylinder. I-CM namandla angu-5 hp, ithuthukise isivinini esingamamayela angu-75 ngehora. Akulona ngempela uhlobo lokusebenza ongalulindela emotweni yomjaho.

Naphezu kokushoda okucacile kwamandla amahhashi, u-Amedee Gordini unqobe amakilasi amahlanu emijahweni eyisishiyagalombili ayingenela ngemoto, okuhlanganisa nowe-1937 Le Mans!! Okumangalisa nakakhulu ukuthi u-Gordini waqopha amarekhodi omhlaba angamashumi amabili nambili ngemoto, kuhlanganise nerekhodi lokukhuthazela lamahora angu-48.

Imoto enenjini enkulu

Okuhluke ngokuphelele kwe-Gordini Simca 5, imoto yomjaho i-Dodge Viper GTS-R yayinenjini enkulu engu-8.0-litre V10 ngaphansi kwesivalo eside. I-Viper enamandla iwine i-24 Hours of Le Mans ekilasini layo iminyaka emithathu ilandelana, kusukela ngo-1998 kuya ku-2000, sibonga ngokwengxenye ngenjini yayo yamahhashi angu-650.

Imvelaphi ye-Viper ne-V10 ingalandelelwa emuva ku-1988. U-Chrysler, ongumnikazi we-Dodge, wayefuna ukudala inguqulo yesimanje ye-iconic yama-1960s A/C Cobra. Injini yasungulwa ngosizo lweLamborghini, nayo eyayiphethwe ngabakwaChrysler, kwazalwa inganekwane.

Funda ukuze uthole ukuthi ukhethwa kanjani ophumelele lo mjaho oyinganekwane.

Ukhethwa kanjani owinile

Emjahweni wezimoto ojwayelekile, owinile imoto ewela umugqa wokuqala, ngokuvamile ngemva kwenani elithile lokuzungeza noma isikhathi. Emjahweni wokukhuthazela, izinto zisebenza ngokuhlukile kancane: imoto eqeda imizuliswano eminingi ngesikhathi esinikeziwe iyawina.

Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma imoto ingaphumeleli entanjeni ngesikhathi kundiza ifulegi elinoshekhasi, isengakwazi ukuwunqoba umjaho uma iqede imizuliswano eminingi kunezinye izimoto. Izimoto ezishesha kakhulu zingase zingawunqobi umjaho, futhi izimoto ezinokwethenjelwa ezichitha isikhathi esincane kakhulu emigodini ngokuvamile ziphuma phambili.