Imibuzo eyi-12 ebalulekile ngophethiloli

Kuyini ukuqina kukaphethiloli? Ingabe kuyingozi ukushayela ngophethiloli ongasasebenzi? Kungani inombolo ye-octane iseYurophu futhi enye iseMelika? Ingabe uphethiloli ubiza kakhulu namuhla kunangaphansi kobusoshiyali? Ingabe kunendaba ukuthi unombala onjani? Kule ndatshana, sinqume ukuphendula imibuzo eminingi ebuzwa ngabantu ngophethiloli wemoto.

Kungani i-A-86 ne-A-93 inyamalale?

Ekupheleni kwe-socialism, kwanikezwa ophethiloli abathathu - A-86, A-93 no-A-96. Namuhla esikhundleni sawo kufakwe i-A-95, A-98 ne-A-100. Ngaphambilini, kwakukhona uphethiloli onesilinganiso se-octane esingu-76, 66 ngisho no-56.

Kunezizathu ezimbili zokunyamalala kwabo. Enye yazo imvelo: uphethiloli onama-octane amancane awahlangabezani nezidingo zesimanje zesulfure, i-benzene, njalonjalo.

Okwesibili kuhlobene nokuvela kwezinjini. Uphethiloli we-octane ephansi awukuvumeli ukucindezelwa okuphezulu kwezilinganiso - isibonelo, i-A-66 inomkhawulo wokucindezela ophezulu ongu-6,5, i-A-76 ine-compression ratio efika ku-7,0. Kodwa-ke, izindinganiso zemvelo kanye nokwehliswa kwabantu kuye kwaholela ekwethulweni okukhulu kwezinjini ezinama-turbocharges anezilinganiso eziphakeme kakhulu zokucindezela.

Iyini inombolo ye-octane?

Le yunithi ejwayelekile yokukala ikhombisa ukumelana nophethiloli ekuqhumeni, okungukuthi, amathuba okuthi izokhela ngokuzenzekelayo ekamelweni lomlilo ngaphambi kokuthi ama-spark plugs akhiqize inhlansi (okuyinto, engeyona enhle kakhulu enjinini). Uphethiloli ophakeme we-octane ungaphatha ukulinganiswa okuphezulu kokuminyaniswa futhi ngenxa yalokho kukhiqize amandla amaningi.

Inombolo ye-octane inikezwa ukuze iqhathaniswe namazinga amabili - i-n-heptane, enokuthambekela kokungqongqoza okungu-0, kanye ne-isooctane, enokuthambekela kokungqongqoza okungu-100.

Kungani izinombolo ze-octane zihlukile?

Abantu asebehambe kakhulu emhlabeni wonke bangahle babone umehluko ekufundweni kweziteshi zikagesi. Ngenkathi emazweni ase-Europe ifakwa kakhulu ngophethiloli we-RON 95, emazweni anjenge-United States, Canada noma i-Australia, iningi labashayeli ligcwalisa ama-90.

Eqinisweni, umehluko awukho kunombolo ye-octane, kodwa ngendlela elinganiswa ngayo.

U-RON, MON kanye no-AKI

Indlela ejwayeleke kakhulu yilena ebizwa nge-research octane number (RON), eyamukelwa eBulgaria, EU, Russia nase-Australia. Kulokhu, ingxube kaphethiloli iqhutshwa ngenjini yokuhlola enezinga lokucindezela eliguquguqukayo ku-600 rpm futhi imiphumela iqhathaniswa naleyo ye-n-heptane ne-isooctane.

Nokho, kukhona futhi MON (inombolo octane injini). Ngayo, ukuhlolwa kwenziwa ngesivinini esandayo - 900, ngenhlanganisela kaphethiloli eshisiwe kanye nokushisa okulungiswayo. Lapha umthwalo mkhulu futhi ukuthambekela kokuqhunyiswa kubonakala ngaphambili.

Isilinganiso se-arithmetic salezi zindlela ezimbili, esibizwa nge-AKI - Anti-Knox Index, sirekhodwa eziteshini zikaphethiloli e-United States. Isibonelo, i-German A95 ejwayelekile ene-ethanol engu-10% ine-RON ka-95 kanye ne-MON engama-85. Yomibili iphumela ku-AKI ka-90. Okusho ukuthi, i-European 95 eMelika ingama-90, kodwa empeleni inenombolo ye-octane efanayo.

Yini ukuzwela kukaphethiloli?

Uphethiloli unenye ipharamitha ebizwa ngokuthi "sensitivity". Lona umehluko phakathi kwe-RON ne-MON. Uma incane, uphethiloli uzinzile ngaphansi kwanoma yiziphi izimo. Futhi ngokuphambene nalokho - uma ukuzwela kuphezulu, lokhu kusho ukuthi ukuthambekela kokungqongqoza kushintsha kakhulu ngokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa, ingcindezi, njll.

Uphethiloli ungagcinwa isikhathi esingakanani?

Abashayeli abasebenzisa izimoto kancane noma abalala ubuthongo kufanele bakhumbule ukuthi uphethiloli awukho owaphakade. Ukuphila kweshelufu - izinyanga ezingu-6, kodwa uma kugcinwe kuvaliwe, ngaphandle kokuxhumana nomoya womoya kanye namazinga okushisa angekho ngaphezu kwegumbi lokushisa. Uma izinga lokushisa lifinyelela ku-30 ​​degrees, uphethiloli ungalahlekelwa izakhiwo zawo ezinyangeni ezi-3 nje.

Emazweni anesimo sezulu esibandayo, njengeRussia ne-Iceland, isikhathi seshelufu sikaphethiloli esisemthethweni unyaka owodwa. Kodwa-ke e-USSR kwakukhona ukuhlukaniswa kwendawo - enyakatho, impilo yeshalofu yayiyizinyanga ezingu-24, futhi eningizimu - izinyanga ezingu-6 kuphela.

Impilo yeshelufu kaphethiloli yehle empeleni ngemuva kokukhishwa kwamakhemikhali okuhola.

Ingabe uphethiloli omile uyingozi?

Uma uphethiloli ulahlekelwe yikhwalithi (ama-hydrocarbon ajikelezayo kuwo abe yi-polycyclic), ungaba nezinkinga ngokushisa noma ukugcina ijubane. Ukungeza uphethiloli omusha kuvame ukuxazulula le nkinga. Kodwa-ke, uma uphethiloli uvezwe emoyeni futhi wahlanganiswa ne-oxidized, amadiphozi angakha kuphethiloli futhi alimaze injini. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlala isikhathi eside kwemoto, kunconywa ukukhipha uphethiloli wakudala bese uwufaka endaweni entsha ngaphambi kokuqala injini.

Uphethiloli ubiliswa nini?

Iningi labantu liyamangala ngokweqiniso ukuthola ukuthi uphethiloli ojwayelekile unendawo yokubilisa engu-37,8 degrees Celsius ngezingxenyana zayo ezilula kakhulu kuze kufike ku-100 degrees kwezinzima kakhulu. Kophethiloli kadizili, iphuzu lokubilisa lisemabangeni ayi-180 okuqala.

Ngakho-ke, ezimotweni ezindala ezine-carburetors, bekungenzeka ukuthi ucishe injini lapho kushisa futhi ngeke ifune ukuqala phansi ize ipholise kancane.

Ngabe i-octane ehlukile ingaxubeka?

Abantu abaningi bathola ukuthi ukuxuba uphethiloli octane ohlukile ethangini kuyingozi ngoba banamandla aminyene futhi bazobamba isitayela. Akulona iqiniso. Awukho umphumela omubi wokufaka u-98 ethangini unama-95. Impela, akunangqondo kakhulu ukuwaxuba, kepha uma kunesidingo, akuyona inkinga.

Ingabe umbala wephethiloli unendaba?

Umbala wemvelo kaphethiloli uphuzi noma ucacile. Kodwa-ke, izindawo zokucwenga zingangeza odayi abahlukahlukene. Ngaphambilini, lo mbala wawulinganiselwe - isibonelo, i-A-93 yayiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Kodwa namuhla awukho umthethonqubo wamanje, futhi umkhiqizi ngamunye usebenzisa umbala abawufunayo. Umgomo oyinhloko ukuhlukanisa uphethiloli kumafutha avela kwabanye abakhiqizi ukuze, uma kunesidingo, umsuka wawo ungalandelwa. Kumsebenzisi wokugcina, lo mbala awunandaba.