Ubuchwepheshe obuyi-10 nezingxenye zezimoto zesimanje ezasungulwa kudala, kodwa zazingasetshenziswa

Kwenzeka ukuthi izinto ezisunguliwe zingeniswa kahle ekusebenzeni. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi abantu besikhathi sakhe bahlulekile ukuzazisa, noma umphakathi awukakulungeli ukusetshenziswa kwazo kabanzi. Kunezibonelo eziningi ezifanayo embonini yezimoto.

AmaHybrids

Ngo-1900, uFerdinand Porsche wadala imoto yokuqala eyi-hybrid, i-All-wheel drive Lohner-Porsche.

Umklamo wawungowokuqala futhi awuzange uthole ukuthuthukiswa okwengeziwe ngaleso sikhathi. Kuphela ngasekupheleni kweminyaka engu-90 yekhulu lama-20 kwavela ama-hybrids anamuhla (isibonelo, iToyota Prius).

Isiqalo esingenakhiye

Ukhiye wokuthungela wathuthukiswa njengendlela yokuvikela imoto kumasela ezimoto futhi ususebenze iminyaka eminingi. Kodwa-ke, ukuba khona kwe-starter kagesi, eyasungulwa ngo-1911, kwavumela abakhiqizi abathile ukuba bahlomise amamodeli amaningi ngezinhlelo zokuqala ezingenasici (isibonelo, i-Mercedes-Benz 320 ka-1938). Kodwa-ke, zasakazeka kuphela ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-XNUMX nelama-XNUMX ngenxa yokuvela kwezikhiye ze-chip nama-transponders.

I-wheel drive yangaphambili

Maphakathi nekhulu le-18, unjiniyela ongumFulentshi uNicolas Joseph Cunyu wakha inqola esebenzisa isitimu. Ukushayela kwenziwa ngesondo elilodwa langaphambili.

Futhi, lo mbono waphila ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 emotweni yabazalwane baseGraf, bese kuthi eminyakeni yama-20 yekhulu lama-20 (ikakhulukazi ezimotweni zomjaho, isibonelo i-Cord L29). Kwakukhona nemizamo yokukhiqiza izimoto "ezivamile", isibonelo, i-German subcompact DKW F1.

Ukukhiqizwa kwe-serial kwezimoto ezidonsa ngamasondo angaphambili kwaqala ngeminyaka yama-30s e-Citroen, lapho kwasungulwa ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza amajoyinti e-CV ashibhile futhi anokwethenjelwa, futhi amandla enjini afinyelela amandla aphezulu okudonsa. Ukusetshenziswa okukhulu kwe-front-wheel drive kuye kwaphawulwa kuphela kusukela ngeminyaka yama-60s.

Amabhuleki e-Disc

Amabhuleki amadiski ayenelungelo lobunikazi ngo-1902, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo azama ukufakwa ku-Lanchester Twin Cylinder. Umbono awuzange ugxile ngenxa yokungcola okukhulu emigwaqweni ewubhuqu, ama-creaking kanye nama-pedals aqinile. Ama-brake fluids angaleso sikhathi ayengaklanyelwe amazinga okushisa aphezulu kangaka okusebenza. Kwaze kwaba sekuqaleni kwawo-50 lapho amabhuleki e-disc asakazeka khona.

Ukudluliswa kwerobhothi okuzenzakalelayo

Ngokokuqala ngqa, uhlelo lwebhokisi elinama-clutch amabili lwachazwa kuma-30s wekhulu lama-20 ngu-Adolf Kegress. Yiqiniso, akwaziwa ukuthi lo mklamo wawufakwe ensimbi yini.

Lo mbono wavuselelwa ngeminyaka yawo-80 kuphela onjiniyela bemijaho bePorsche. Kodwa ibhokisi labo laphenduka lasinda futhi lingathembekile. Futhi kuphela engxenyeni yesibili yama-90s lapho ukukhiqizwa kwe-serial kwamabhokisi anjalo kwaqala.

I-CVT

Isekhethi ye-variator ibilokhu yaziwa kusukela ngesikhathi sikaLeonardo da Vinci, futhi imizamo yokuyifaka emotweni yenzeke kuma-30s wekhulu lama-20. Kodwa ngokokuqala ngqá imoto ifakwe variator V-belt ngo-1958. Kwakuyimoto edumile yabagibeli i-DAF 600.

Ngokushesha kwacaca ukuthi ibhande lenjoloba laliguga ngokushesha futhi alikwazanga ukudlulisa amandla amakhulu okudonsa. Futhi kuphela kuma-80s, ngemva kokuthuthukiswa kwensimbi ye-V-belt namafutha akhethekile, ama-variators athola impilo yesibili.

Amabhande esihlalo

Ngo-1885, i-patent yanikezwa amabhande okhalweni axhunywe emzimbeni wendiza enama-carabiners. Ibhande lesihlalo elinamaphuzu amabili lasungulwa ngeminyaka yawo-30s. Ngo-2, American Preston Thomas Tucker uhlele ukuhlomisa imoto Tucker Torpedo, kodwa wakwazi ukukhiqiza izimoto 1948 kuphela.

Umkhuba wokusebenzisa amabhande ezihlalo ezingu-2 ubonise ukusebenza kahle okuphansi, futhi kwezinye izimo - nobungozi. Uguquko lwenziwa ngokusungulwa kukanjiniyela waseSweden u-Niels Bohlin amabhande anamaphuzu amathathu. Kusukela ngo-3, ukufakwa kwabo sekuphoqelekile kwamanye amamodeli akwaVolvo.

I-anti-lock braking system

Ngokokuqala ngqá, isidingo sesimiso esinjalo sahlangatshezwa izisebenzi zikaloliwe, kwase kuba abakhiqizi bezindiza. Ngo-1936, uBosch wagunyaza ubuchwepheshe be-ABS yokuqala yezimoto. Kodwa ukuntuleka kwama-electronics adingekayo akuzange kuvumele lo mbono ukuba usetshenziswe. Kwaba kuphela ngokufika kobuchwepheshe be-semiconductor ngawo-60 lapho le nkinga yaqala ukuxazululwa. Enye yezinhlobo zokuqala ezine-ABS ezifakiwe kwakuyi-Jensen FF ka-1966. Yiqiniso, izimoto ezingu-320 kuphela ezikwazi ukukhiqizwa ngenxa yentengo ephezulu.

Maphakathi nawo-70s, kwase kusungulwe uhlelo olusebenzisekayo ngempela eJalimane, futhi lwaqala ukufakwa njengenketho eyengeziwe ezimotweni eziphezulu, futhi kusukela ngo-1978 - kwezinye izinhlobo ezingabizi kakhulu zeMercedes neBMW.

Izingxenye zomzimba zepulasitiki

Naphezu kokuba khona abandulele, imoto yokuqala plastic kwaba 1 Chevrolet Corvette (C1953). Yayinohlaka lwensimbi, umzimba wepulasitiki kanye nenani eliphakeme ngendlela emangalisayo, njengoba yayenziwe ngezandla nge-fiberglass.

Ipulasitiki yayisetshenziswa kakhulu ngabakhi bezimoto baseMpumalanga Jalimane. Konke kwaqala ngo-1955 nge-AWZ P70, kwase kuba inkathi yeTraband (1957-1991). Le moto yakhiqizwa ngezigidi zamakhophi. Izakhi zomzimba ezinamaphiko bekuyipulasitiki, okwenza imoto ibize kakhulu kunesithuthuthu esinenqola eseceleni.

Iguquguquka ngophahla lukagesi

Ngo-1934, kwavela emakethe i-Peugeot 3 Eclipse enezihlalo ezi-401 - eyokuqala emhlabeni eshintshwayo enomshini wokugoqa oqinile kagesi. Umklamo wawungenangqondo futhi ubiza, ngakho awuzange uthole intuthuko engathi sína.

Lo mbono wabuya maphakathi nawo-50. I-Ford Fairlane 500 Skyliner yayinomshini wokugoqa othembekile, kodwa oyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Imodeli nayo ayizange iphumelele ikakhulukazi futhi yahlala iminyaka engu-3 emakethe.

Futhi kusukela maphakathi nawo-90s wekhulu lama-20, ama-hardtops asongekayo kagesi athathe indawo yawo ngokuqinile ohlwini lwezinto eziguqukayo.

Sicabangele kuphela obunye bobuchwepheshe nezingxenye zezimoto ezazingaphambi kwesikhathi sazo. Ngokungangabazeki, okwamanje kunenqwaba yezinto ezisunguliwe, isikhathi esizofika eminyakeni eyi-10, 50, 100.