10 amadamu amakhulu emhlabeni

Amadamu abelokhu, akhona futhi azohlala eyingxenye ebalulekile yokuphila kwethu. Amadamu akhelwe ukugcina amanzi, alawule ukugeleza kwemifula, aphehle nogesi. Amadamu anomlando omude ngemuva kwawo. Lokhu kubuyela emuva ku-4000 BC.

Kuthiwa yaqala ukwakhiwa eGibhithe osebeni lweNayile. Amadamu aheha kakhulu futhi aheha ukunaka ngosayizi wawo omkhulu kanye nendlela yokusebenza. Idamu laseKallanai lithathwa njengedamu elidala kunawo wonke elisebenza eTamil Nadu, eNdiya. Kulesi sihloko, sizokhuluma ngamadamu amakhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni ngo-2022.

10. UDamina Hirakud, eNdiya

Leli idamu elide kunawo wonke emhlabeni. Kuthiwa iqhele ngamakhilomitha angaphezu kuka-27. Idamu laseHirakud laqedwa ngo-1957. Bekuyiphrojekthi yokuqala yesigodi enezinjongo eziningi eyakhiwe ngaphesheya koMfula iMahanadi, i-Odisha, nguhulumeni waseNdiya selokhu kwathola inkululeko. Yidamu elidala kunawo wonke elakhiwe eNdiya. I-Odisha kanye nemboni yayo yezokuvakasha ayiphelele ngaphandle kokuvakashela Idamu laseHirakud. Idamu linama-minarets amabili: i-Gandhi Minar ne-Nehru Minar. La ma-minarets anikeza umbono omuhle ezibukelini nezivakashi.

Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ezokuvakasha kanye nokuthandwa kwedamu lase-Hirakud, uhulumeni wase-Odisha uthengise ngokugcwele izakhiwo zedamu. Idamu lingavakashelwa unyaka wonke. Isizini ngayinye yengeza ukuthinta okuhlukile nezici ebuhleni bayo. Ngenkathi yezimvula, ukugeleza kwamanzi edamini kufinyelela phezulu. Kwesinye isikhathi idamu liyavalwa ngezikhathi zemvula ukuze kugwenywe izingozi nezimo eziphuthumayo. Ebusika, izinyoni eziningi ezifudukayo ziza lapha. Ehlobo, ungabona amanxiwa amathempeli asendulo ahlangana namanzi ngenkathi yezimvula.

Angaphezu kuka-200 amathempeli okuthiwa acwile kulo mfula ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwedamu iHirakuda. Ngokuyisisekelo, wonke amathempeli agcwele izikhukhula, kodwa ngenkathi yasehlobo usengabona ambalwa kuphela. Kusanda kutholwa ithempeli elinomlando elibizwa ngokuthi iPadmaseni, okulethe i-Archaeological Survey yaseNdiya endaweni ekhanyayo. Idamu liphinde libe ne-"Isle of Cattle" okuyindawo yezinkomo zasendle nezingafuyeliwe. Nakuba ukuthwebula izithombe kunqatshelwe endaweni, inkumbulo yakho iyohlala phakade ezinhliziyweni zenu.

9. UDAMINA OROVILLE, USA

Yakhiwa ngaphesheya koMfula iPero eCalifornia ngo-1968. I-Nearby Lake Oroville iyindawo enkulu eheha izivakashi. Idamu i-Oroville yidamu elide kunawo wonke e-United States. Inezimpophoma ezinhle ezibizwa ngokuthi iFather Fall ne-Bald Rock. Idamu linikeza ukubukwa okuhle kwemvelo nemisebenzi eminingi efana nokuhamba ngebhayisikili, ukukhempa, ukudoba, njll. Liyindawo ekahle yepikiniki yomndeni.

8. UDAMINA MANGLA, PAKISTAN

Itholakala endaweni eyingxabano yesigodi saseKashmir, esibuye saziwe nge-Azad Kashmir. Yakhiwa ngaphesheya koMfula iJhelum ngo-1967. Leli damu livulekele izivakashi ngaphansi kweso elibukhali nokuvikelwa. Ngenxa yodaba obesengundabamlonyeni, ivalwe ukuze ingabonwa umphakathi. Iklabhu yezemidlalo yasemanzini ebizwa ngokuthi "Mangla" inikeza izivakashi izinhlobo zokuzijabulisa. Idamu iMangla likwazi ukukhiqiza amamegawathi ayi-1000 30 kagesi. Kumanje umsebenzi wokwakha uyaqhubeka ukuze kunyuswe ubude bedamu ngamamitha angu-1120. Lokhu kuzokwandisa umthamo wokuphehlwa kukagesi wedamu ngamamegawathi ayi-XNUMX.

7. JINPING-I DAM, ESHAYINA

I-Jinping Yi Dam ithathwa njengedamu eliphakeme kunawo wonke emhlabeni. Idamu kuyaphikiswana ngalo, njengoba abaningi bebheka i-Rogun HPP njengedamu elide kunawo wonke eTajikistan. Kamuva wabhujiswa uzamcolo. Idamu lisalungiswa. Ngakho-ke, i-Jingpin-I iyidamu eliphakeme kunawo wonke emhlabeni. Iwumthombo oyinhloko kagesi kanye nezimboni zezwe.

6. UDAMINA GARDINER, ECANADA

Leli damu lingelinye lamadamu amakhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni. Yakhiwa ngo-1967. I-DAM yethiwe ngoNgqogqoshe weKhabhinethi u-James G. Gardiner. Idamu lakha indawo yokugcina amanzi ebizwa ngokuthi i-Diefenbaker Lake. I-DAM idume kakhulu ngabavakashi bakuleli kanjalo nabakwamanye amazwe. Amadamu ahlala evuliwe isonto lonke. Inezindawo zokudlela eziningi, izitolo kanye nenkundla yemidlalo yeshashalazi ebonisa amavidiyo afundisayo ahlobene nokwakhiwa nezinye izici zedamu. Ipaki eliseduze namadamu liphinde linikeze imisebenzi efana nokukhempa, ukugibela izintaba nokuhamba ngebhayisikili, njll.

5. AMAKHOSI E-UAE, e-USA

Yidamu elikhulu kunawo wonke elakhiwe eMfuleni iMissouri. Leli lingelinye lamadamu amakhulu emhlabeni. Idamu lakha ichibi lesine ngobukhulu: ILake Oahe, elinwebeka ngamakhilomitha angama-327 ukuya e-US. Yakhiwa ngo-1968. Umthamo wayo ofakiwe ungu-786 MW. Amadamu aheha izivakashi eziningi ngenxa yokunotha kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. ILake Oahe iyikhaya lezinhlobo eziningi zezinhlanzi, izinyoni ezifudukayo, nezilwane zasemanzini ezisengozini yokushabalala. Le ndawo iyipharadesi lezazi zezinyoni, njengoba izinyoni eziningi ezifudukayo zindiza kuleli damu.

4. I-HUTRIBDIJK DAM, E-NETHERLANDS

Idamu belakhiwe njengedamu, kodwa empeleni liyidamu. Ukwakhiwa kwayo kwaqala ngo-1963 futhi kwaphela ngo-1975. Ubude bedamu bungama-30 km. Idamu lihlukanisa i-Markermeer kanye ne-IJsselmeer. Idamu ngokusemthethweni laziwa nge-Hutribdijk.

3. ATATÜRK DAM, TURKEY

Kanye nokuba ngelinye lamadamu amakhulu emhlabeni, liphinde libe ngelinye lamadamu amade kakhulu. Ukuphakama kwawo kungamamitha ayi-169. Ekuqaleni lalaziwa ngokuthi iKarababa Dam. Yavulwa ngo-1990. Idamu likhiqiza amahora angu-8,900 gigawatt ngonyaka. Yakhiwe ngaphesheya koMfula i-Ewufrathe. I-reservoir "Lake Ataturk" isakazwa endaweni eyi-817 km2 enomthamo wamanzi we-48.7 km. Inyanga esukela kuSepthemba kuya ku-Okthoba yisikhathi esingcono kakhulu sokuvakashela idamu futhi uhlanganyele emkhosini wezemidlalo yamanzi kanye nemincintiswano yamazwe ngamazwe kaseyili.

2. FORT PACK DAM, USA

Leli damu lide kunawo wonke amadamu ayisithupha akhiwe ngaphesheya koMfula iMissouri. Itholakala ngaseGlasgow. Ubude bayo buphelele ngamamitha angama-76. Idamu lisabalale endaweni engamahektha angama-202. Yavulwa ngo-1940. Yakha iLake Fort Peck, okungelinye lamachibi esihlanu ngobukhulu enziwe abantu e-US futhi licishe libe ngamamitha angu-200 ukushona.

1. UDAMINA TARBELA, PAKISTAN

Idamu lise-Cyber ​​​​Pakhtunkhwa, ePakistan. Ithathwa njengedamu elikhulu kunawo wonke. Lesi ngeyesihlanu ngobukhulu emhlabeni ngokwevolumu. Idamu lakha indawo yokugcina amanzi enendawo engaphezu kwamakhilomitha-skwele angama-250. Yavulwa ngo-1976. Yakhiwe osebeni lomfula omkhulukazi wasePakistan, uMfula i-Indus. Leli damu laklanywa futhi lakhiwa ukuze lilawule izikhukhula, likhiqize amandla kagesi ophehlwa ngamanzi, futhi ligcine amanzi okunisela. Umthamo ofakiwe wedamu ubungu-3,478 85 MW. Impilo yedamu laseTarbela ilinganiselwa eminyakeni engu-2060 futhi izophela kulo nyaka.

Esihlokweni esingenhla, sixoxe ngamanye amadamu amakhulu emhlabeni. La madamu anezindaba ezimnandi kangaka angazixoxa. Lamadamu angenhla mahle ngokwevolumu, indawo, ukukhiqizwa kukagesi, njll. Isihloko esingenhla sihlanganisa wonke amadamu amakhulu ezicini ezihlukahlukene njengobude bawo, umthamo, ukukhiqizwa kwamandla kagesi, umklamo, njll. Lokhu kuhlanganisa amadala kunawo wonke, aphezulu kakhulu, amadamu ajulile futhi amakhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni.