1,2 Injini ye-HTP - izinzuzo / ukungalungi, yini okufanele uyibheke?

Mhlawumbe zimbalwa izinjini ezifundeni zethu ezimpompa amanzi amaningi njenge-1,2 HTP (mhlawumbe kuphela i-1,9 TDi). Umphakathi ovamile umbiza yonke indawo (kusuka kuye .. awudonsi, ngokuthengisa, uye esigqokweni). Kwesinye isikhathi ungezwa imicimbi emangalisayo ngezakhiwo zayo, kepha imvamisa lokhu kungamampunge, okuvame ukubangelwa ukungazi kwabanikazi noma ababambiqhaza engxoxweni. Kuyiqiniso ukuthi injini inamaphutha amaningi wokuklama, uma ingalingani nenkinga yokuklama. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abashayeli bezimoto abaningi abakuqondanga ukuthi badlala yiphi indima emotweni yabo encane futhi ukuwohloka okuthile noma ukusheshisa kwenzeke ngesizathu esifanayo. Injini yakhelwe amamodeli amancane kakhulu we-VW. Hhayi ngokwenani levolumu kuphela, kepha nangokusebenza nokusebenza ikakhulukazi, imoto kufanele isetshenziselwe ikakhulukazi ukugcwala kwabantu emadolobheni nokuhamba ngejubane elikhululeke kakhudlwana. Ngamanye amagama, iFabia, iPolo noma i-Ibiza ene-HTP ngaphansi kwe-hood ayisiyo futhi ayisoze yaba yizilwi zomgwaqo omkhulu.

Abashayeli bezimoto abaningi bayazibuza ukuthi yini egqugquzela abakhiqizi bezimoto ukuthi behlise isibalo samasilinda enjini. I-HTP akuyona yodwa injini enamasilinda amathathu emakethe, i-Opel iphinde ibe ne-three cylinder unit kwiCorse yayo noma iToyota ku-Ayga yayo isibonelo. KwaFiat basanda kukhipha injini enamasilinda amabili. Impendulo ilula uma kuqhathaniswa. Ukunciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza kanye nokulwela ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni ephansi kakhulu.

Injini eyisilinda emithathu ishibhile ukuyikhiqiza uma iqhathaniswa ne-cylinder ezine. Ngomthamo cishe welitha elilodwa, injini yamasilinda amathathu inendawo enhle kakhulu yamakamelo omlilo. Ngamanye amagama, inokulahleka okushisayo okuphansi futhi, ekusebenzeni okuzinzile kombuso ngaphandle kokusheshisa okuvamile, kufanele kube nokusebenza okuphezulu, i.e. ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli okuphansi. Ngenxa yenani elincane lamasilinda, kukhona nezingxenye ezimbalwa ezihambayo ngakho-ke, ngokunengqondo, ukulahleka kwawo okungafani nakho kuphansi.

Ngokunjalo, i-torque yenjini nayo incike ku-cylinder bore futhi ngakho-ke iqala ngokushesha nge-HTP kunangenjini efana ne-cylinder ezine eno-gearbox ofanayo. Ngenxa yokuhanjiswa okufishane, izimoto ezinenjini ye-OEM ziqala ngokushesha kunalezo ezinenkampani engu-1,4 16V. Ngeshwa, lokhu kusebenza kuphela esivinini nasekuqaleni. Ngejubane eliphakeme, sekuvele kukhona ukungabi namandla kwamandla enjini, okugcizelelwa nayisisindo esibalulekile semoto encane. Kakhulu ngobuhle.

Ngokuphambene nalokho, okungalungile kufaka phakathi isiko elisebenza kabi kakhulu nokudlidliza okukhulu. Ngakho-ke, injini yamasilinda amathathu idinga ifwheel elikhudlwana nelisindayo ukuze isebenze njalo futhi kube nomshini wokulinganisela ukucindezela ukudlidliza (umsebenzi othuthuke kakhulu). Ngokwenza lokhu, leli qiniso (isisindo esingeqile) lizibonakalisa ngokulungela okuncane ukusheshisa okusheshayo futhi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ekwehliseni kancane ijubane lenjini ejikelezayo lapho unyawo lususwa esinqeni se-accelerator. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isidingo sokuzungezisa i-flywheel kanye ne-shaft shaft eyengeziwe ngaphezu kokusheshisa ngakunye kungasetha kabusha lokhu kusebenza okuphezulu. Ngamanye amagama, ngokusheshisa kaningi, izinga lokugeleza okuholelekayo lingaphakama kakhulu kunezinga lokugeleza kwenjini engamasilinda amane.

1,2 HTP bol motor ithuthukisiwe cishe kusuka zero. I-block kanye nekhanda le-cylinder zenziwe nge-aluminium alloy futhi, kuye ngokuthi inguqulo, kusetshenziswa indlela yesikhathi ye-valve emibili noma emine, eqhutshwa iketango elikhalayo futhi kamuva iketango elinamazinyo. Ukuze wonge izindleko zokukhiqiza, izingxenye ezimbalwa (amavolovolo, induku yokuxhumaama-valve) asetshenziswa eqenjini le-injini elingu-cylinder elingu-1598 cc (AEE) elivela ochungechungeni lwama-111 kW EA 55, abashayeli abaningi abalwaziyo kusukela ku-Octavia, Golf noma Felicia wokuqala.

Isizathu esikhulu sokwenza le njini bekuwukuqhudelana nabancintisana nabo, njengoba abakwa-Opel noma kwaToyota sebethengise ngempumelelo amamodeli angamalitha amathathu, amathathu (amasilinda amane) iminyaka eminingi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iVW Group, enenjini yayo engamalitha amane, eyodwa-cylinder, ayizange ithole amanzi amaningi njengoba ibingadluli ngokwamandla noma ngokusetshenziswa kwayo. Ngeshwa, ngesikhathi kwenziwa i-OEM, kwenzeke amaphutha amaningi wokuklama, okuholele ekuzweleni okukhulu kwenjini endleleni yokusebenzisa futhi, ngenxa yalokho, kwengozi eyengeziwe yezinkinga zobuchwepheshe.

Izingxenye ezihambayo eziphambili zisuka enjinini enamasilinda amathathu engu-1.2 12V (47 kW). Umehluko obaluleke kakhulu ovela enjinini engu-1.2 HTP (40 kW) umshini wokusabalalisa igesi enamavalvu amane nama-camshaft amabili ku-cylinder head (2 x OHC).

Ukusebenza kwenjini okungajwayelekile

Okokuqala, singabala izikhalazo zabashayeli ngokungasebenzi ngendlela engajwayelekile nokungazinzi. Umbuzo obukeka ungasho lutho ongaba nemiphumela ebizayo uma ungaphendulwanga ngesikhathi. Uma sishiya ukuwohloka kwekhoyili yokushisa (okwenzeka kaningi ekuqaleni kokukhiqizwa), khona-ke ukungasebenzi kahle kufihliwe kumshini we-valve. Ukungenzi lutho okungazinzile kuvame ukubangelwa ukulahleka kokucindezelwa ngenxa yamaphayiphu okukhipha avuzayo (avuzayo). Lesi simo kuqala sizibonakalisa nge-rpm ephansi, lapho ingxube inesikhathi esithe xaxa sokuphuma nge-valve engavaliwe ngokungaphelele, futhi ngemuva kokufakwa kwegesi, ukusebenza kuvame ukulinganiswa. Kamuva, inkinga ihlanganisiwe futhi ukungalingani kohambo kuyabonakala ebangeni elibanzi kakhulu lezivinini.

Lokho okubizwa ngokuthi "ukuvunguza" kwe-valve kusho ukwanda kwengcindezi yokushisa ku-valve uqobo nakwezemvelo, okugcina kuholele ekushiseni (ukusonteka) kwe-valve nesihlalo sayo. Uma kwenzeka ukuwohloka okuncane, ukulungisa kuzosiza (ukulungisa izihlalo zekhanda lesilinda futhi unikeze ama-valve amasha), kepha kaningi kuyadingeka ukubuyisela ikhanda lesilinda kanye nama-valve avuthayo. Kufanele kungezwe ukuthi lokhu kungasebenzi kahle kuvame kakhulu ngekhanda lama-valve ayisithupha (40 kW / 106 Nm noma 44 kW / 108 Nm), elingakhiqiziwe eMlada Boleslav, kodwa lathengwa kwamanye amafemu eVolkswagen Group.

Okokuqala Isizathu sokungathembani kungaba ikhanda lesilinda elenziwe ngezinto eziqinile, i-acc. impahla lapho kwenziwa khona imihlahlandlela ye-valve. Njengakho konke, ama-valve aguga kancane kancane (ukuvuleka phakathi kwesiqu se-valve kanye nomhlahlandlela waso kuyanda). Esikhundleni sokunyakaza okushelelayo okushelelayo, kuthiwa i-valve iyadlidliza, okuholela ekubambezelekeni kokuvala kanye nokugqoka ngokweqile (ukukhuphuka emuva). Ukubambezeleka kokuvala kuholela ekwehleni kwengcindezi yokucinana futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ekusebenzeni okungafanele kwenjini.

okwesibili inkinga inzima kakhulu. Lokhu ukushisa okwedlulele kukawoyela wenjini, ukulahleka kwezakhiwo zawo zokuthambisa, njll. ama-tapper carbonization (umkhawulo we-hydraulic valve clearance). Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ikhabhoni ingavimba ngokuphelele ama-tappets we-hydraulic, okuthi, kanye nokuhlehla okukhulu ku-valve stem, kubangele ukuthi idlidlize phakathi nohambo futhi ngenxa yalokho ibhajwe.

Kungani kwakhiwa ikhabhoni? Injini engu-1,2 HTP ishisa kakhulu uwoyela futhi ivame ukushisa ize ifike ku-140-150 ° C ngaphansi kwemithwalo ephakeme (ne-HTP nayo isebenza ngejubane elijwayelekile lomgwaqo). Izinjini ezijwayelekile zamasilinda amane ezinamandla afanayo zishisa uwoyela aze afike ku-110-120 ° C, ngisho nangejubane elikhulu. Ngakho-ke, esimweni senjini engu-1,2 HTP, uwoyela wenjini ushisa ngokweqile, okubangela ukuwohloka okushesha ngokwengeziwe kwezakhiwo zangempela. Injini enkulu ikhiqizwa enjinini, ebeka, ngokwesibonelo, ama-valve noma ama-jack hydraulic futhi anciphise ukusebenza kwawo. Inani elinyukile lekhabhoni libuye lenyuse nokugqoka ezingxenyeni zomshini zenjini.

Izinga lokushisa likawoyela wenjini enjinini enamasilinda amathathu liphakeme ngokomthetho, njengoba linqunywa isilinganiso esiphezulu sokususwa kwenjini endaweni yokushintshanisa ukushisa okuphelele. Nokho, leli qiniso elisekelwe ngokomzimba alikhulisi izinga lokushisa ngokwanele ukuze lifinyelele izinga lokushisa eliphakeme kangaka uma liqhathaniswa nenjini enamasilinda amane afanayo. Isizathu esiyinhloko sokushisa kwamafutha ngokweqile yindawo ye-catalyst ngqo ngaphezu kwephaseji eliyinhloko lamafutha ku-block. Ngakho-ke, amafutha awashiswa kuphela ngaphakathi kwenjini, kodwa futhi nangaphandle - ngenxa yokushisa kwamagesi okukhipha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokungafani namanye amayunithi okukhathazeka, ayikho i-cooler yamafutha, okuthiwa. isishintshi sokushisa samanzi kuya kwamafutha, noma okungenani okuthiwa i-cube, i.e. i-aluminium air-oil heat exchanger, eyingxenye yesibambi sesihlungi sikawoyela. Ngeshwa, esimweni senjini engu-1,2 HTP, lokhu akunakwenzeka ngenxa yokuntuleka kwesikhala, njengoba bekungeke kulunge lapho. Indawo ethize eneshwa yendlu yesiguquli se-catalytic eduze kwebhulokhi ye-aluminium yenjini, lapho umzila kawoyela omkhulu udlula ebhulokhini, umkhiqizi wakhuluma naye ngo-2007 ngokuthuthuka kancane. Izinjini zithole isivikelo sokushisa esivikelayo phakathi kwesiguquli se-catalytic kanye nesilinda block. Ngeshwa, lokhu akuzange kuyixazulule ngokuphelele inkinga yokushisa ngokweqile.

Enye inkinga ebalulekile ngama-valve ingadalwa ngesinye isizathu, imbangela yalokho okumele iseshwe futhi ku-catalyst. Njengoba itholakala ngemuva nje kwamapayipi, iyashisa kakhulu ngaphansi komthwalo owandisiwe. Ngakho-ke, ukupholisa kwe-catalyst kuxazululwa ngokunothisa ingxube, okusho ukuthi ukusetshenziswa okwandisiwe. Ngakho-ke hhayi kuphela isivinini esiphakeme, kepha ukupholisa ngemuva kwe-catalyst kusho ukuthi i-1,2 HTP idla utshani eduze komgwaqo omkhulu. Yize kupholile ngenhlanganisela ecebile, i-catalyst isashisa kakhulu. Ukushisa ngokweqile, kanye nokudlidliza kwenjini, kuholele ekukhishweni kancane kancane kwezingxenye ezincane kusuka kumongo we-catalyst. Bese babuyela enjini ngesikhathi kubhuleka injini, lapho bengaphinde balimaze khona ama-valve nemihlahlandlela yama-valve. Le nkinga yalungiswa kuphela ekupheleni kuka-2009/2010. (Ngokufika kwe-Euro 5), lapho umenzi eqala ukuhlanganisa isisusa sokumelana nokushisa, lapho izingxenye kanye nothanda kungaphunyuki emgodini ngisho nasemithwalweni ephakeme. Umkhiqizi uphinde anikeze ikhithi yezinjini ezindala ezilimele, okuthi, ngaphezu kwekhanda lesilinda, ama-valve, amajack wokubacindezela namabhawodi, iqukethe nemikhombandlela ene-catalyst eguquliwe, lapho i-sawdust eyeqile ingasaphumi khona.

Okwesithathu Ukufakwa kwekhabhoni kungadalwa yi-valve evinjiwe mpintsha. Izinhlobo zokuqala ze-12-valve zafakwa i-valve yokukhipha igesi. Kodwa-ke, ukubuyiswa kwamagesi okukhipha lapho kudliwe khona kaningi kwenzeka eduze kakhulu kwe-valve mpintsha, ukuze ukuzungeza kwamagesi okukhipha kulezi zindawo kuholele ekuvalekeni kwesikhunta nekhabhoni. Imvamisa, ngemuva kwamashumi ezinkulungwane zamakhilomitha amaningi, i-valve mpintsha ayifinyeleli endaweni yokungenzi lutho. Lokhu kudala ukuguquguquka kokungenzi lutho, kodwa ngeshwa hhayi lokho kuphela. Uma i-microswitch engasebenzi ingaxhunyiwe, i-accelerator ukumelana ne-potentiometer izohlala inamandla, okungagcina kulimaze isigaba sokukhipha kwiyunithi yokulawula. Ngakho-ke, esimweni seminyaka yokuqala yokusebenza, equkethe i-valve ye-EGR, kunconywa ngokuqinile ukuthi kudilizwe futhi kuhlanzwe kahle i-damper njalo kumakhilomitha angama-50 000. Izinjini ezingama-40, 44 kuya phezulu ngama-51 kW azisenayo i-valve yokukhipha igesi eyinkinga.

  

Izinkinga zamaketanga wesikhathi

Enye inkinga yezobuchwepheshe, ikakhulukazi ekuqaleni kokukhiqiza, kwakuyi-serial chain drive. Kuyindida, ngoba sifunda izikhathi eziningi ukuthi ibhande elinamazinyo selithathelwe indawo iketango elingenasondlo. Ngokuqinisekile "abashayeli be-Škoda" bakhumbula inkulumo ethi "isitimela segiya", eyayiyingxenye yendlela yesikhathi yenjini ye-Škoda OHV. Inkinga eyaqubuka wukwanda komsindo ngenxa yokushuba kweketango ngokwalo. Mhlawumbe akuzange kukhulunywe ngokweqa noma ikhefu.

Nokho, lokhu akwenzeki ngenjini engu-1,2 HTP, ikakhulukazi eminyakeni yokuqala. I-hydraulic timing tensioner ihamba isikhathi eside kakhulu futhi ngaphandle kokucindezela kukawoyela kungadala umdlalo oweqa iketango lapho uqala. Futhi siphinde sibe sezingeni likawoyela, ngoba lokhu kwenzeka ikakhulukazi lapho amafutha ehla ngenxa yokushisa okuphezulu, okungukuthi, aminyene, futhi iphampu ayinaso isikhathi sokuyihlinzeka ku-tensioner ngesikhathi. Iketanga lingawela noma ngabe imoto ipake emithambekeni yamabhuleki kuphela ngesivinini esikhethiwe / ikhwalithi noma kube nezimo lapho amasondo aqiniswa khona lapho imoto iboshwa futhi amasondo ebhuleki kuphela ngekhwalithi eshiwo - uma imoto itshalwe yaqina phansi . Izinkinga zeketango lesikhathi zingabonakaliswa ngokwanda komsindo - lokho okubizwa ngokuthi ukuhlengezela noma ukuhlengezela umsindo lapho ungenzi lutho (injini igijima cishe ngo-1000-2000 rpm) bese ikhulula i-accelerator pedal. Uma iketango leqa amazinyo angu-1 noma ama-2, injini isengaqaliswa, kodwa izosebenza ngendlela engaqondakali futhi ngokuvamile ihambisana nokukhanya kwenjini okukhanyisiwe. Uma iketango ligxuma nakakhulu, injini ngeke iqale, iphendule. ngemva kwesikhashana lizocisha, futhi uma iketango lishelela ngephutha ngenkathi ushayela, ngokuvamile kuyozwakala isidumo futhi injini izocisha. Ngalesi sikhathi, umonakalo usuvele ubulala: izinduku zokuxhuma ezigobile, ama-valve agobile, ikhanda eliqhekekile noma ama-pistons awonakele. 

Futhi qaphela ukuhlolwa kwemiyalezo yamaphutha. Uma, ngokwesibonelo, injini isebenza ngokungafanele, isivinini siba sibi kakhulu futhi i-diagnostics ibika ukungasebenzi kahle nge-vacuum engalungile kokuphindaphindwayo kokudla, akuyona inzwa enephutha okufanele isolwe, kepha imane nje izinyo noma isekethe elahlekile. Ukube inzwa ibishintshwa kuphela futhi imoto ibisebenza, bekungaba nengozi enkulu yokweqa kwesifunda ngemiphumela ebulalayo yenjini.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umenzi waqala ukuguqula ama-motors, ngokwesibonelo ngokulungisa ama-tensioners ukuthi ahambe kancane noma ngokwandisa ujantshi. Ezinguqulweni ezingama-44 kW (108 Nm) no-51 kW (112 Nm), umenzi walungisa injini futhi inkinga yasuswa kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, kungenzeka ukuthi kuqedwe ngokuphelele izikhala ngoJulayi 2009 kuphela, lapho injini ye-Škoda iphinde iguqule injini (isisindo se-crankshaft sancishiswa) nokuqala kweqoqo lamagiya. Ingena esikhundleni seketanga lezixhumanisi elinenkinga, elinokumelana okuphansi kwemishini, amazinga aphansi omsindo futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, ukuthembeka okuphezulu kokusebenza. Kufanele kungezwe ukuthi isikhathi se-chain timing besixhumene kakhulu nenguqulo enamandla amakhulu we-47 kW (ngaphansi kuka-51 kW).

Ngabe lolu lwazi luholelaphi? Ngaphambi kokuthenga ithikithi elinenjini engu-1,2 HTP, kufanele ulalele ngokucophelela ukusebenza kwenjini. Uma kunokwenzeka, kungcono ukugwema unyaka wokuqala uma ungamazi kahle umnikazi, imikhuba yakhe yokusebenza kanye nesitayela sokushayela, ngokulandelana. injini ayihloliwe kahle. Phakathi nenqubo yokukhiqiza, amayunithi athuthukiswa kancane kancane, ukuthembeka kwanda. Ukuthuthuka okuphawuleka kakhulu kwenziwa ngoJulayi 2009 ngenkathi kufakwa uchungechunge lwamazinyo, ngo-2010 (i-Euro 5 emission standard) lapho kufakwa isiguquli esinamandla, futhi ngoNovemba 2011 lapho kukhiqizwa injini yekamelo elilodwa engu-6 kW ... Uhlobo lwama-valve angama-44 seluphelile. Ishintshwe ngu-12-valve version enamandla afanayo angama-44 kW. Ukuthuthuka okuthe xaxa kwenziwe nakwimishini yezinjini nasekulawuleni i-elekthronikhi (amapayipi aguquliwe okufaka nokukhipha, i-crankshaft, iyunithi yokulawula entsha, umsizi wokuqala wokwenza ngcono othuthukisa ukuqala kwetorque yokukhipha i-clutch, nokwenyuka okuncane kwejubane elingenzi lutho) ukwenza ngcono ukusebenza. isiko. Uhlobo olunamandla kakhulu nge-max. amandla ka-55 kW kanye ne-torque engu-112 Nm. Izinjini ezikhiqizwe kusukela ngoNovemba 2011 sezivele zinokwethenjelwa okuhle futhi ngaphandle kwezincomo ezikhethekile kunganconywa ngokushayela uzungeze idolobha nezindawo ezizungezile.

Uma ungumnikazi noma uzoba ngumnikazi wenjini engu-1,2 HTP, khumbula ukuthi imuphi umsebenzi injini ye-HTP eyayakhelwe futhi usebenzise imoto njengoba kuchazwe esingenisweni salesi sihloko. Kuphinde kunconywe ukuthi kuncishiswe izikhathi zokushintsha uwoyela zifike ku-10 km, kanti uma kwenzeka kuhanjwa njalo ngezimoto, ziye ku-000 7500 km. Azikho izindleko ezengeziwe, ngoba uwoyela wenjini ungamalitha ayi-2,5 kuphela. Futhi, uma injini icindezeleke kakhulu, asikho isidingo sokushintsha uwoyela otuswe umenzi ngokwezinga le-SAE (5W-30 al. 5W-40) liye ku-5W-50W-XNUMX ibanga le-viscosity. Lawa mafutha asevele azacile ngokwanele ukugcwalisa i-timing chain tensioner kanye nama-hydraulic tappets ngokushesha nangesikhathi, kuyilapho ngesikhathi esifanayo emelana nokucindezeleka okushisayo okudlulele.

Isevisi - yeqiwe uchungechunge lwesikhathi 1,2 HTP 47 kW